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CUTUBYADII BUUGGA


3. THE SIMPLE PRESENT -
QAAB XAALAD SAHLAN


Here are the English personal pronouns:

I (aay) anigu
you (yuu) adigu, idinku
he (hii) isagu
she (shii) iyadu
we (wii) anagu
they (THey) iyagu

The pronoun you is used for both "adigu" and "idinku".


Here is the Simple Present of the verb be:

I am (aay aam) waa aniga, waan ahay
you are (yuu aar) waa adiga, waad tahay; waa idinka, waad tihin
he is (hii iz) waa isaga, wuu yahay
she is (shii iz) waa iyada, way tahay
we are (wii aar) waa anaga, waanu nahay
they are (THey aar) waa iyaga, way yihin


Here is the Simple Present of the verb have:

I have (aay haav) waan heysta, waan qabaa
you have (yuu haav) waad heysata, waad heysatan
he has (hii haaz) wuu heysta
she has (shii haaz) way heysata
we have (wii haav) waanu heysana
they have (THey haav) way heystan


The Simple Present is used for descriptions and for referring to habitual actions in the present. For example:

The sun is hot. Qoraxdii waa kulushahay.
We are happy. Waanu faraxsan nahay.


Vocabulary:

food (fuud) cuno, raashin
coffee (kofii) qaxwo, kafe
tea (tii) shaahi, caleen-shaahi
milk (milk) caano
water (woter) biyo
sugar (shUger) sokor, sonkor
honey (hanii) malab
cheese (chiiz) burcad
rice (raays) bariis
meat (miit) hilib
fish (fish) malay

home (hoom) guri
guitar (gitaar) gitar
wood (wUd) alwaax
paper (peyper) warqad
gold (goold) dahab
money (manii) lacag
English (Ingglish) Ingirisi
Italian (Itaalyen) Talyaani
and (aand) iyo

right (raayt) sax, saxsan
wrong (rong) khaldan, khalad
happy (haapii) faraxsan
sad (saad) murugo, tirayeysan
early (erlii) goor-hore, wakhti hore
late (leyt) goor-dambe, wakhti dambe
hungry (hanggrii) bahan, gaajo
thirsty (therstii) haraad, oon
hot (hot) kulul, kulayl
beautiful (biuutifUl) qurux-badan, quruxsan, qurxoon
strong (strong) adag, qawii, kakan
clever (klever) xariif
lucky (lakii) nasiib
ready (redii) diyaar
often (ofen) inta badan, sida badan


Exercise 1. Translate into Somali:

1.He is right. 2.She is happy. 3.They are thirsty. 4.I am hungry. 5.We are ready. 6.He is clever. 7.She is strong. 8.You are wrong. 9.I have money. 10.She has food. 11.We have water. 12.He has fish.


Exercise 2. Translate into English:

1.Way tirayeysan yihin. 2.Way qurux-badan tahay. 3.Waanu kulul nahay. 4.Wuu nasiib-badan yahay. 5.Waad tahay xariif. 6.Waanu adag nahay. 7.Waad faraxsan tihin. 8.Waan saxsanahay. 9.Waad heysata warqad. 10.Way heystan alwaax. 11.Waad heysatan dahab. 12.Wuu heysta hilib.


Here are some examples of English verbs:

bring (bring) gey, ken
drink (dringk) cabbid, cab, cabbitaan, sharaab
eat (iit) cunid, cun
leave (liiv) ka tagid
open (oopen) furid, furan
sell (sel) iibsid, iibsid-gadid
understand (anderstaand) garasho, fahmid
want (wont) rabid
work (werk) shaqo


In the Simple Present, verbs used with he or she usually add the ending s. For example:

I open (aay oopen) waan furaa
you open (yuu oopen) waad furtaa, waad furtaan
he opens (hii oopenz) wuu furaa
she opens (shii oopenz) way furtaa
we open (wii oopen) waanu furnaa
they open (THey oopen) way furaan


Exercise 3. Translate into Somali:

1.I want tea. 2.He wants meat. 3.They bring rice. 4.She brings sugar. 5.We understand English. 6.He understands Italian. 7.You sell honey. 8.She leaves early. 9.He works late. 10.You eat meat.


Exercise 4. Translate into English:

1.Way iibisaa bariis. 2.Waad iibisaan qaxwo. 3.Waanu shaqeyna goor-dambe. 4.Wuu cabaa shaahi. 5.Waan cabaa qaxwo. 6.Waad rabta sokor. 7.Way rabta malab. 8.Way cunaan bariis iyo hilib. 9.Waan gartaa Ingirisi. 10.Wuu tagaa goor-dambe.


Some verbs change their spelling when the ending s is added:


Verbs ending in the letters o, ch, s, sh, x or z add e before adding the ending s. For example:

I do (aay duu) waan sameya
you do (yuu duu) waad sameysa, waad sameysan
he does (hii daz) wuu sameya
she does (shii daz) way sameysa
we do (wii duu) waanu sameyna
they do (THey duu) way sameyan

I wash (aay wosh) waan mayra, waan dhaqa
you wash (yuu wosh) waad mayrta, waad mayrtan
he washes (hii woshez) wuu mayra
she washes (shii woshez) way mayrta
we wash (wii wosh) waanu mayrna
they wash (THey wosh) way mayran


Here are some other examples:

catch (kaach) qabasho
finish (finish) dhammayn, idlayn
go (goo) bixid, tagid
kiss (kis) dhunkasho
teach (tiich) bar, barasho
watch (woch) daawosho, fiiris


Exercise 5. Translate into Somali:

1.He teaches English. 2.She goes quickly. 3.We watch television. 4.She finishes late. 5.They go early. 6.He catches fish. 7.You go home. 8.He washes fish. 9.She watches television.


Exercise 6. Translate into English:

1.Waad dhammaysa goor-hore. 2.Waan taga goor-dambe. 3.Way mayrta bariis. 4.Waad bartan Ingirisi. 5.Waanu tagna goor-dambe. 6.Way tagta guriga. 7.Wuu bara Talyaaniga. 8.Wuu dhammaya goor-hore. 9.Way dawadan telefisyoon.


Verbs ending in a vowel followed by y usually add s when used with he or she. For example:

buy (baay) iibsi, gadasho
he buys (hii baayz) wuu iibsada

play (pley) ciyaar, dheel, dheelid
she plays (shii pleyz) way ciyaarta


However, if a verb ends in a consonant followed by y, the letter y is changed to ie before the ending s is added. For example:

I carry (aay keyrii) waan qaada, sida
you carry (yuu keyrii) waad qaada, waad qaadan
he carries (hii keyriiz) wuu qaada
she carries (shii keyriiz) way qaada
we carry (wii keyrii) waanu qaadna
they carry (THey keyrii) way qaadan


Here are some other examples:

cry (kraay) ooyid
hurry (harii) deg-deg, dhaqsi
marry (meyrii) guursi, aroos
study (stadii) darsid, barasho


Exercise 7. Translate into Somali:

1.She carries water. 2.You hurry. 3.He studies Italian. 4.She plays guitar. 5.You buy milk and cheese. 6.She cries often. 7.He hurries. 8.We study English. 9.He buys tea and sugar. 10.They carry wood.


Exercise 8. Translate into English:

1.Waanu sidna bariis. 2.Wuu barta Ingirisi. 3.Way iibsadan dahab. 4.Way iibsata bariis. 5.Wuu sida biyo. 6.Way deg-degta. 7.Waad barata Ingirisi. 8.Way guursadan. 9.Waanu ciyaarna gitar. 10.Waad baratan Talyaaniga.



ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES


Exercise 1. 1.Wuu saxsan yahay. 2.Way faraxsan tahay. 3.Way harraadsan yihin. 4.Waan bahanahay. 5.Waanu diyaarsa nahay. 6.Wuu yahay xariif. 7.Way adag tahay. 8.Waad khaldan tahay. ama Waad khaldan tihin. 9.Waan heysta lacag. 10.Way heysata cunto. 11.Waanu heysana biyo. 12.Wuu heysta malay.


Exercise 2. 1.They are sad. 2.She is beautiful. 3.We are hot. 4.He is lucky. 5.You are clever. 6.We are strong. 7.You are happy. 8.I am right. 9.You have paper. 10.They have wood. 11.You have gold. 12.He has meat.


Exercise 3. 1.Waan raba shaahi. 2.Wuu raba hilib. 3.Way geyaan bariis. 4.Way geysa sokor. 5.Waanu garana Ingirisi. 6.Wuu garta Talyaaniga. 7.Waad iibisaa (ama Waad iibisaan) malab. 8.Way tagta goor-hore. 9.Wuu shaqeya goor-dambe. 10.Waad cunta (ama Waad cuntan) hilib.


Exercise 4. 1.She sells rice. 2.You sell coffee. 3.We work late. 4.He drinks tea. 5.I drink coffee. 6.You want sugar. 7.She wants honey. 8.They eat rice and meat. 9.I understand English. 10.He leaves late.


Exercise 5. 1.Wuu bara Ingirisi. 2.Way tagta goor-hore. 3.Waanu daawana telefisyoon. 4.Way tagaan goor-dambe. 5.Way dhammaysa goor-hore. 6.Wuu qabta malay. 7.Waad tagta (ama Waad tagtan) guriga. 8.Wuu mayra malay. 9.Way daawata telefisyoon.


Exercise 6. 1.You finish early. 2.I go late. 3.She washes rice. 4.You teach English. 5.We leave late. 6.She goes home. 7.He teaches Italian. 8.He finishes early. 9.They watch television.


Exercise 7. 1.Way sida biyaha. 2.Waad dhaqsata. ama Waad dhaqsatan. 3.Wuu barta Talyaaniga. 4.Way ciyaarta gitaar. 5.Waad iibsata (ama Waad iibsatan) caano iyo burcad. 6.Way ooyda sida badan. 7.Wuu deg-dega. 8.Waanu barana Ingirisi. 9.Wuu iibsada caleen-shaahi iyo sokor. 10.Way sidan alwaaxa.


Exercise 8. 1.We carry rice. 2.He studies English. 3.They buy gold. 4.She buys rice. 5.He carries water. 6.She hurries. 7.You study English. 8.They marry. 9.We play guitar. 10.You study Italian.


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3. QAAB XAALAD SAHLAN -
THE SIMPLE PRESENT


Halkan waxaad ku aragtaan magac-u-yaalo Ingirisi ah:

I (aay) anigu
you (yuu) adigu, idinku
he (hii) isagu
she (shii) iyadu
we (wii) anagu
they (THey) iyagu

Magac-u-yaalka you waxaa loo isticmaalaa labadaba "adigu" iyo "idinku".


Halkan waxaad ku aragtaan Qaab Xaalad Sahlan ee falka be:

I am (aay aam) waa aniga, waan ahay
you are (yuu aar) waa adiga, waad tahay; waa idinka, waad tihin
he is (hii iz) waa isaga, wuu yahay
she is (shii iz) waa iyada, way tahay
we are (wii aar) waa anaga, waanu nahay
they are (THey aar) waa iyaga, way yihin


Halkan waxaad ku aragtaan Qaab Xaalad Sahlan ee falka have:

I have (aay haav) waan heysta, waan qabaa
you have (yuu haav) waad heysata, waad heysatan
he has (hii haaz) wuu heysta
she has (shii haaz) way heysata
we have (wii haav) waanu heysana
they have (THey haav) way heystan


Hadalka Qaabka Xaalad Sahalani waxaa loo isticmaalaa qeexidda iyo falka caadiga ah ee xaalada la joogo. Tusaale:

The sun is hot. Qoraxdii waa kulushahay.
We are happy. Waanu faraxsan nahay.


Erayada:

food (fuud) cuno, raashin
coffee (kofii) qaxwo, kafe
tea (tii) shaahi, caleen-shaahi
milk (milk) caano
water (woter) biyo
sugar (shUger) sokor, sonkor
honey (hanii) malab
cheese (chiiz) burcad
rice (raays) bariis
meat (miit) hilib
fish (fish) malay

home (hoom) guri
guitar (gitaar) gitar
wood (wUd) alwaax
paper (peyper) warqad
gold (goold) dahab
money (manii) lacag
English (Ingglish) Ingirisi
Italian (Itaalyen) Talyaani
and (aand) iyo

right (raayt) sax, saxsan
wrong (rong) khaldan, khalad
happy (haapii) faraxsan
sad (saad) murugo, tirayeysan
early (erlii) goor-hore, wakhti hore
late (leyt) goor-dambe, wakhti dambe
hungry (hanggrii) bahan, gaajo
thirsty (therstii) haraad, oon
hot (hot) kulul, kulayl
beautiful (biuutifUl) qurux-badan, quruxsan, qurxoon
strong (strong) adag, qawii, kakan
clever (klever) xariif
lucky (lakii) nasiib
ready (redii) diyaar
often (ofen) inta badan, sida badan


Layli 1. U bedel Somali:

1.He is right. 2.She is happy. 3.They are thirsty. 4.I am hungry. 5.We are ready. 6.He is clever. 7.She is strong. 8.You are wrong. 9.I have money. 10.She has food. 11.We have water. 12.He has fish.


Layli 2. U bedel Ingirisi:

1.Way tirayeysan yihin. 2.Way qurux-badan tahay. 3.Waanu kulul nahay. 4.Wuu nasiib-badan yahay. 5.Waad tahay xariif. 6.Waanu adag nahay. 7.Waad faraxsan tihin. 8.Waan saxsanahay. 9.Waad heysata warqad. 10.Way heystan alwaax. 11.Waad heysatan dahab. 12.Wuu heysta hilib.


Halkaan waxaad ku aragtaan falal Ingirisi ah:

bring (bring) gey, ken
drink (dringk) cabbid, cab, cabbitaan, sharaab
eat (iit) cunid, cun
leave (liiv) ka tagid
open (oopen) furid, furan
sell (sel) iibsid, iibsid-gadid
understand (anderstaand) garasho, fahmid
want (wont) rabid
work (werk) shaqo


Qaab Xaalad Sahlan, falka ay la socodaan he ama she sida badan raaci s. Tusaale:

I open (aay oopen) waan furaa
you open (yuu oopen) waad furtaa, waad furtaan
he opens (hii oopenz) wuu furaa
she opens (shii oopenz) way furtaa
we open (wii oopen) waanu furnaa
they open (THey oopen) way furaan


Layli 3. U bedel Somali:

1.I want tea. 2.He wants meat. 3.They bring rice. 4.She brings sugar. 5.We understand English. 6.He understands Italian. 7.You sell honey. 8.She leaves early. 9.He works late. 10.You eat meat.


Layli 4. U bedel Ingirisi:

1.Way iibisaa bariis. 2.Waad iibisaan qaxwo. 3.Waanu shaqeyna goor-dambe. 4.Wuu cabaa shaahi. 5.Waan cabaa qaxwo. 6.Waad rabta sokor. 7.Way rabta malab. 8.Way cunaan bariis iyo hilib. 9.Waan gartaa Ingirisi. 10.Wuu tagaa goor-dambe.


Falalka qaarkood wuu isbadalaa hingaadoodu marka la raaciyo s:


Falalka ku dhamaada xurufaha o, ch, s, sh, x ama z raaci e, s hortooda. Tusaale:

I do (aay duu) waan sameya
you do (yuu duu) waad sameysa, waad sameysan
he does (hii daz) wuu sameya
she does (shii daz) way sameysa
we do (wii duu) waanu sameyna
they do (THey duu) way sameyan

I wash (aay wosh) waan mayra, waan dhaqa
you wash (yuu wosh) waad mayrta, waad mayrtan
he washes (hii woshez) wuu mayra
she washes (shii woshez) way mayrta
we wash (wii wosh) waanu mayrna
they wash (THey wosh) way mayran


Halkan waxaa tusaale noqon kara:

catch (kaach) qabasho
finish (finish) dhammayn, idlayn
go (goo) bixid, tagid
kiss (kis) dhunkasho
teach (tiich) bar, barasho
watch (woch) daawosho, fiiris


Layli 5. U bedel Somali:

1.He teaches English. 2.She goes quickly. 3.We watch television. 4.She finishes late. 5.They go early. 6.He catches fish. 7.You go home. 8.He washes fish. 9.She watches television.


Layli 6. U bedel Ingirisi:

1.Waad dhammaysa goor-hore. 2.Waan taga goor-dambe. 3.Way mayrta bariis. 4.Waad bartan Ingirisi. 5.Waanu tagna goor-dambe. 6.Way tagta guriga. 7.Wuu bara Talyaaniga. 8.Wuu dhammaya goor-hore. 9.Way dawadan telefisyoon.


Falal ee ku dhamaado shakhal-dheere oo ay raacdo y, raaci s markaad isticmaalayso sida he ama she. Tusaale:

buy (baay) iibsi, gadasho
he buys (hii baayz) wuu iibsada

play (pley) ciyaar, dheel, dheelid
she plays (shii pleyz) way ciyaarta


Lakiin haddii fal ku dhamaado shibanne oo ay raacdo y, xarafka y waxaa isku badali ie, s hortooda. Tusaale:

I carry (aay keyrii) waan qaada, sida
you carry (yuu keyrii) waad qaada, waad qaadan
he carries (hii keyriiz) wuu qaada
she carries (shii keyriiz) way qaada
we carry (wii keyrii) waanu qaadna
they carry (THey keyrii) way qaadan


Halkan waxaa tusaale noqon kara:

cry (kraay) ooyid
hurry (harii) deg-deg, dhaqsi
marry (meyrii) guursi, aroos
study (stadii) darsid, barasho


Layli 7. U bedel Somali:

1.She carries water. 2.You hurry. 3.He studies Italian. 4.She plays guitar. 5.You buy milk and cheese. 6.She cries often. 7.He hurries. 8.We study English. 9.He buys tea and sugar. 10.They carry wood.


Layli 8. U bedel Ingirisi:

1.Waanu sidna bariis. 2.Wuu barta Ingirisi. 3.Way iibsadan dahab. 4.Way iibsata bariis. 5.Wuu sida biyo. 6.Way deg-degta. 7.Waad barata Ingirisi. 8.Way guursadan. 9.Waanu ciyaarna gitar. 10.Waad baratan Talyaaniga.



JAWAABO


Layli 1. 1.Wuu saxsan yahay. 2.Way faraxsan tahay. 3.Way harraadsan yihin. 4.Waan bahanahay. 5.Waanu diyaarsa nahay. 6.Wuu yahay xariif. 7.Way adag tahay. 8.Waad khaldan tahay. ama Waad khaldan tihin. 9.Waan heysta lacag. 10.Way heysata cunto. 11.Waanu heysana biyo. 12.Wuu heysta malay.


Layli 2. 1.They are sad. 2.She is beautiful. 3.We are hot. 4.He is lucky. 5.You are clever. 6.We are strong. 7.You are happy. 8.I am right. 9.You have paper. 10.They have wood. 11.You have gold. 12.He has meat.


Layli 3. 1.Waan raba shaahi. 2.Wuu raba hilib. 3.Way geyaan bariis. 4.Way geysa sokor. 5.Waanu garana Ingirisi. 6.Wuu garta Talyaaniga. 7.Waad iibisaa (ama Waad iibisaan) malab. 8.Way tagta goor-hore. 9.Wuu shaqeya goor-dambe. 10.Waad cunta (ama Waad cuntan) hilib.


Layli 4. 1.She sells rice. 2.You sell coffee. 3.We work late. 4.He drinks tea. 5.I drink coffee. 6.You want sugar. 7.She wants honey. 8.They eat rice and meat. 9.I understand English. 10.He leaves late.


Layli 5. 1.Wuu bara Ingirisi. 2.Way tagta goor-hore. 3.Waanu daawana telefisyoon. 4.Way tagaan goor-dambe. 5.Way dhammaysa goor-hore. 6.Wuu qabta malay. 7.Waad tagta (ama Waad tagtan) guriga. 8.Wuu mayra malay. 9.Way daawata telefisyoon.


Layli 6. 1.You finish early. 2.I go late. 3.She washes rice. 4.You teach English. 5.We leave late. 6.She goes home. 7.He teaches Italian. 8.He finishes early. 9.They watch television.


Layli 7. 1.Way sida biyaha. 2.Waad dhaqsata. ama Waad dhaqsatan. 3.Wuu barta Talyaaniga. 4.Way ciyaarta gitaar. 5.Waad iibsata (ama Waad iibsatan) caano iyo burcad. 6.Way ooyda sida badan. 7.Wuu deg-dega. 8.Waanu barana Ingirisi. 9.Wuu iibsada caleen-shaahi iyo sokor. 10.Way sidan alwaaxa.


Layli 8. 1.We carry rice. 2.He studies English. 3.They buy gold. 4.She buys rice. 5.He carries water. 6.She hurries. 7.You study English. 8.They marry. 9.We play guitar. 10.You study Italian.


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