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The House of Stewart
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It would be worth a whole book of genealogy to show the Stewarts' attack on Scotland. Not only the throne was the aim, as in their rising the large Stewart family secured Earldoms, islands (as Bute or Arran), offices (as the supreme judge) and connections with the most sonorous names that Scotland had: Arundel, Albany, Menteith, Moray, Angus, for themselves.
What could be done against a family that had seven sons in one generation and four sons and three daughters in another? When King David II.died so many important positions were held by Stewarts that there was no way past them. King Robert II. had by the four marriages of his father not less than twelve brothers, sisters and half-brothers and -sisters, and their connections brought a large part of the Scottish aristocracy to support the new dynasty.
Banquo (according to Shakespeare)
Fleeance (according to Shakespeare)
| ALAN | -1097 | Seneschall of the Archbishop of Dol-de-Bretagne, went into the holy-land and his brother Flaald became Seneschall in 1097 |
| FLAALD | 1097- | brother of Alan, became Seneschall in 1097 |
| ALAN | younger son of Flaald, cadet of the ancient counts of Dol and Dinan, in Brittany. Crossing to England, he holds a barony in Norfolk and an estate in Mileham and founds Sporle Priory. His father-in-law is Arnulf de Hasdin, who - according to the Domesday Book, chapter Buckinghamshire - "has 1 Burgess who was Wiglaf's. He pays 2 s.a year and 3 to the king." Alan makes Clun the family's seat after Mileham, being appointed Sheriff of Shropshire."Clunton and Clunbury, Clungunford and Clun are the quietest places under the sun" His third son, Walter Fitz-Alan is the Progenitor of the House of Stewart | |
| WALTER | Walter Fitz-Alan became Stewart of King Malcolm IV. (the maiden) and receives an estate at Renfrewshire. In 1163 he founds Paisley Priory with monks from Shropshire.(Cluniazenser) King David I. confirms the donation of Renfrewshire | |
| ALEXANDER ? | 2nd Steward | |
| WALTER | 3rd Steward, assumes as his family surname the name of his office. Bute was captured by the Scots some time before 1200 and Walter built Rothesay Castle that was in 1230 and 1263 attacked by the Norsemen. | |
| ALEXANDER | 4th High Steward of Scotland, married to the daughter of Seaumas (James) MacAngus, Lord of Bute in the 13th century from his second son's fourth son descended the Stewarts of Appin | |
| 5th High Steward | ||
| WALTER | 6th High Steward, *1293, leads his vassals to Bannockburn at the age of 21, in 1315 married to Marjory, daughter of Robert I.(the Bruce). Walter was married four times and had 13 children. His son, John Robert, by Marjory Bruce succeeds to the Throne as Robert II. Their son Alexander became 7th High Steward of Scotland and progenitor of the Stewarts of Appin, as he had married the daughter of John MacAlan de Ergadia, heiress of the Macdougalls of Lorne. The Stewarts of Lorne later lost their Lordship to Colin, 1st Earl of Argyll and became "of Appin" in upper Lorne. |
From here the line is continued by the Stewart Kings of Scotland. The direct male line failed with James V., but the succession of the House was continued through his daughter, Mary Queen of Scots, who married Henry, Lord Darnley, who singularely enough, was the senior male representative of the Bonkyl branch, and by this union their son, James VI. was thus not only the heir-male (through his father) of the High Stewards of Scotland, but also heir-of-line (through his mother) of the main stem.
Male descendants again failed on the death of Prince Charles Edward and his brother, the Cardinal of York (who left his personal heirlooms including the Scottish Coronation Ring and chivalric orders which always revert to the Sovereign, to George III. thus tacitly nominating him "Tanist" of the old Royal line and heir to the Stewart's rights to the throne). Queen Victoria thus rightly laid down that, "as Representative of the Family of Bonnie Prince Charlie, no one could be a greater Jacobite than herself."
STEWART-kings:
| 1370-1390 | ROBERT II. | son of Walter the 6th High Stewart, *02.03.1315/16, +19.04.1390 and grandson of Robert I the Bruce by David's elder sister Maria, became King in 1370, married to ¹ Elisabeth (1347), daughter of Adam Mure Rowallan. From his son Walter descended the Stewarts of Atholl. |
| 1390-1406 | ROBERT III. | John, son of Robert II., *1337, +04.04.1406, married to Annabella, daughter of John Drummond of Stobhall (+1401), |
| 1406-1437 | JAMES I. | son of John Robert III., *07.1394, +20/21.02.1437, succeeded 1406 but was imprisoned in England until 1424, married to Joan (2.2.1423/24), daughter of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (+15.07.1455), |
| 1437-1460 | JAMES II. | son of James I., *16.10.1430, +03.08.1460, married 3.08.1449 to Mary, daughter of the Duke of Geldern/Germany (+01.12.1463). At the siege of Roxburgh a canon blew and a piece of metal wounded him mortally William, the eigth Earl of Douglas was thrown out of a window of Stirling Castle by James II. in 1452 due to suspicion of treachery. |
| 1460-1488 | JAMES III. | son of James II., *10.07.1451, +11.6.1488, married 13.07.1469 to Margaret, daughter of King Christian I. of Denmark (*29.11.1489, +14.07.1486), King James III. was slain at Sauchieburn, near Stirling probably by William Striveling or Stirling of Keir or Lord Gray. James III had fled from the field but near the mill of Bannockburn fallen from his horse. The miller hosted him not knowing who his guest was. James however in the belief, that he was dying, sent the miller for a priest who subsequently brought the prosecutors to the mill, James being stabbed to death. |
| 1488-1513 | JAMES IV. | son of James III., *17.03.1472/73, +09.09.1513, succeeded 1488/1495, married to Margaret, daughter of King Henry VII of England (*19.11.1489, +18.10.1541, married 1502) died after Flodden. Margaret was later married to Archibald Douglas Earl of Angus and their grandson Henry Lord Darnley was married to Maria Stuart. |
| 1513-1542 | JAMES V. | son of James IV. *10.04.1512, +14.12.1542,
succeeded 1513/1524, married to
¹ Madeleine de Valois (01.01.1537), daughter of King Francois of France ² Marie de Guise (09.05.1538), daughter of Claude, Duke of Lorraine (*22.11.1515, +10.06.1560), |
| 1542-1578 | MARY | daughter of James V., *07./08.12.1542, +18.02.1586/87
in the Tower of London, married to
¹ Francois II. de Valois, King of France ² Henry Stewart Lord Darnley, (29.07.1565, became Duke of Albany 1565, *07.12.1545, +10.02.1567 ³ James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell |
| 1578-1625 | JAMES VI. | son of Mary and Henry Lord Darnley, succeeded his mother while she was imprisoned by her cousin Elisabeth I. of England,* 15.06.1566, +06.04.1625, succeeded Elisabeth I.of England in 1603 as James I. of England, married 03.12.1589 to Anne, daughter of King Frederik II.of Denmark (*12.10.1574, -12.03.1619) James was already in 1567 crowned at Stirling Castle while his mother was imprisoned. |
| 1625-1649 | CHARLES I. | son of James, King of Scotland and England, executed on influence of Oliver Cromwell at Whitehall Palace on +30.01.1649 |
| 1660-1685 | CHARLES II. | son of Charles I. succeeded to the Throne of Scotland and England after restauration of Monarchy |
| 1685-1688 | JAMES VII. | son of Charles I., succeeds also as James II. of England |
| 1688-1702 | WILLIAM III | William of Orange son-in-law of James by his first daughter, Mary, *14.11.1650 in Den Haag +19.03.1702 in London, became King by vote of Parliament after the Glorious Revolution, Progenitor of the Hannoveran Kings |
| 1702-1714 | ANNE | second daughter of James VII, *06.02.1665 (London) +01.08.1714 (in Kensington) succeeded her brother-in-law, William of Orange as Queen of England and Scotland, founder of the United Kingdom, she died without issue |
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| ancient Kings | MacAlpin | Bruce | Stewart | Welsh | Britons | Saxons | Normans | Tudor | Stewart | Hannover |
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