San Marino

 

Geography                 Economy                 Defense Forces
 

People                    Transportation          Government



Communications            History      	          Travel

GEOGRAPHY

Location

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Area

Total area: 60 sq km
Land area: 60 sq km
Comparative area: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC

Land Boundaries

Total 39 km, Italy 39 km

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Maritime Claims

None; landlocked

International Disputes

None

Climate

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Terrain

Rugged mountains
lowest point: Fiume Ausa 55 m
highest point: Monte Titano 749 m

Natural Resources

Building stone

Land Use

Arable land: 17%
Permanent crops: 0%
Meadows and pastures: 0%
Forest and woodland: 0%
Other: 83%

Irrigated Land

Environment

International agreements: NA
Current issues: NA
Natural hazards: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution

Note: Landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines

PEOPLE

Population

24,521 (July 1996 est.)
24,313 (July 1995 est.)

Age Structure

0-14 Years

16% (male 1,978; female 1,967) (July 1996 est.) 16% (male 1,962; female 1,944) (July 1995 est.)

15-64 Years

68% (male 8,401; female 8,249) (July 1996 est.) 68% (male 8,354; female 8,243) (July 1995 est.)

65 Years and Over

16% (male 1,648; female 2,278) (July 1996 est.)
16% (female 2,198; male 1,612) (July 1995 est.)

Population Growth Rate

0.82% (1996 est.)
0.88% (1995 est.)

Birth Rate

10.81 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
10.98 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)

Death Rate

7.79 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
7.61 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)

Net Migration Rate

5.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
5.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
all ages: 0.96 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

Infant Mortality Rate

5.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
5.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)

Life Expectancy at Birth

Total population: 81.32 years (1996 est.), 81.27 years (1995 est.)
Male: 77.34 years 91996 est.), 77.26 years (1995 est.)
Female: 85.3 years (1996 est.), 85.29 years (1995 est.)

Total Fertility Rate

1.52 children born/woman (1996 est.)
1.52 children born/woman (1995 est.)

Nationality

Noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)
Adjective: Sammarinese

Ethnic Divisions

Sammarinese, Italian

Religions

Roman Catholic

Languages

Italian

Literacy

Age 10 and over that can read and write (1976)

Total population: 96%
Male: 97%
Female: 95%

Labor Force

14,874 (1993 est.)

By occupation:

Industry 40%
Agriculture 2%

GOVERNMENT

Names

Conventional long form: Republic of San Marino
Conventional short form: San Marino
Local long form: Repubblica di San Marino
Local short form: San Marino

Digraph

Type

Republic

Capital

San Marino

Administrative Divisions

9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle

Independence

301 AD (by tradition)

National Holiday

Anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic, 3 September

Constitution

8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution

Legal System

Based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive Branch

Co-chiefs of state are elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; therefore we don't have recent information on this item
Captain Regent Piero Paolo GASPERONI and Captain Regent Pietro BUGLI (for the period 1 April-30 September 1996)
Captain Regent Marino BOLLINI and Captain Regent Settimio LONFERNINI (for the period 1 April 1995-30 September 1995)
Head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986) was elected for a five-year term by the Great and General Council; election last held NA 1993 (next to be held NA 1998)
Cabinet: Congress of State

Note: The popularly elected parliament (Great and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (Co-Chiefs of State) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Great and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has ten other members, all selected by the Great and General Council; assisting the Captains Regent are three Secretaries of State - Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance - and several additional secretaries; the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs has come to assume many of the prerogatives of a prime minister

Legislative Branch

Unicameral

Great and General Council

(Consiglio Grande e Generale) elections last held 30 May 1993 (next to be held by NA May 1998); results - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 23.7%, PDP 18.6%, ADP 7.7%, MD 5.3%, RC 3.3%; seats - (60 total) PDCS 26, PSS 14, PDP 11, ADP 4, MD 3, RC 2

Judicial Branch

Council of Twelve (Consiglio dei XII)

Political Parties and Leaders

Christian Democratic Party (PDCS), Cesare GASPERONI, secretary general; Democratic Progressive Party (PDP - formerly San Marino Communist Party (PSS)), Stefano MACINA, secretary general; San Marino Socialist Party (PSS), Maurizio RATTINI, secretary general; Democratic Movement (MD), Massimo TONTI; Popular Alliance (AP), Tito MASI; Communist Refoundation (RC), Paolo GIOVAGNOLI

Member of

CE, ECE, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO

National Anthem

National anthem

Flag

Two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)

ECONOMY

Overview

The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1993 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of Italy, which supplies much of its food.

National Product

GDP - purchasing power parity - $380 million (1993 est.)

National Product Real Growth Rate

2.4% (1993 est.)

National Product Per Capita

$15,800 (1993 est.)

Inflation Rate (consumer Prices)

5.5% (1993)

Unemployment Rate

4.9% (December 1993)

Budget

Revenues: $320 million (1995 est.), $275 million (1992 est.)
Expenditures: $320 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995 est.), $275 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1992 est.)

Exports

Trade data are included with the statistics for Italy;

Commodities:

Building stone
Lime
Wood
Chestnuts
Wheat
Wine
Baked goods
Hides
And ceramics

Imports

Wide variety of consumer manufactures, food

External Debt

Industrial Production

Growth rate NA; accounts for 42% of labor force

Electricity

Supplied by Italy

Industries

Tourism
Textiles
Electronics
Ceramics
Cement
Wine

Agriculture

Employs 3% of labor force; products - wheat, grapes, maize, olives, meat, cheese, hides; small numbers of cattle, pigs, horses

Economic Aid

Currency

1 Italian lire (Lit) = 100 centesimi; note - also mints its own coins

Exchange Rates

Italian lire (Lit) per US$1 - 1,583.8 (January 1996), 1,629.2 (1995), 1,612.4 (1994), 1,573.7 (1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991), 1,198.1 (1990)

Fiscal Year

Calendar year

TRANSPORTATION

Railroads

0 km; note - there is a 1.5 km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore

Highways

Total: 220 km
Paved: NA
Unpaved: NA

Ports

None

Airports

None

COMMUNICATIONS

Telephone System

22,300 (1992 est.) telephones; automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system

Local: NA
Intercity: NA
International: microwave and cable links into Italian networks; no communication satellite facilities

Radio

Broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA (1 private radio broadcast station)
Radios: 12,535 (1991 est.)

Television

Broadcast stations: 1 (1991 est.); note - receives broadcasts from Italy as well
Televisions: 7,500 (1992 est.)

DEFENSE FORCES

Branches

Public security or police force

Defense Expenditures

$3.7 million (1992 est.), 1% of GDP

History
World Atlas

web hosting • domain names
web design • online games