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Light
Light
1. The offspring of the divine command #Ge 1:3
2. "All the more joyous emotions of the mind, all the pleasing sensations of the frame, all the happy hours of domestic intercourse were habitually described among the Hebrews under imagery derived from light" #1Ki 11:36 Isa 58:8 Es 8:16 Ps 97:11
3. Light came also naturally to typify true religion and the felicity it imparts #Ps 119:105 Isa 8:20 Mt 4:16 etc.,
and the glorious inheritance of the redeemed #Col 1:12 Re 21:23-25
4. God is said to dwell in light inaccessible #1Ti 6:16
5. It frequently signifies instruction #Mt 5:16 Joh 5:35
6. In its highest sense it is applied to Christ as the "Sun of righteousness" #Mal 4:2 Lu 2:32 Joh 1:7-9
7. God is styled "the Father of lights" #Jas 1:17
8. It is used of angels #2Co 11:14
9. It is used of John the Baptist, who was a "burning and a shining light" #Joh 5:35
10. It is used of all true disciples, who are styled "the light of the world" #Mt 5:14
light1
light (lìt) noun
1. Physics. a. Electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength in the range from about 4,000 (violet) to about 7,700 (red) angstroms and may be perceived by the normal unaided human eye. b. Electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength.
2. The sensation of perceiving light; brightness: a sudden light that made me blink.
3. a. A source of light, especially a lamp, a lantern, or an electric lighting fixture: Turn out the lights when you leave. b. The illumination derived from a source of light: by the light of the moon. c. The particular quantity or quality of such illumination: moved the lamp closer to get better light. d. The pathway or route of such illumination to a person: You're standing in his light.
4. A mechanical device that uses illumination as a signal or warning, especially a beacon or traffic signal.
5. a. Daylight. b. Dawn; daybreak.
6. Something, such as a window, that admits illumination.
7. A source of fire, such as a match or cigarette lighter.
8. Spiritual awareness; illumination.
9. a. Something that provides information or clarification:
b. A state of awareness or understanding, especially as derived from a particular source:
10. Public attention; general knowledge:
11. A way of looking at or considering a matter; an aspect:
12. Archaic. Eyesight.
13. lights. One's individual opinions, choices, or standards:
14. A person who inspires or is adored by another:
15. A prominent or distinguished person; a luminary:
16. An expression of the eyes:
17. Light. In Quaker doctrine, the guiding spirit or divine presence in each person.
18. The representation of light in art.
verb
lighted or lit (lt) lighting, lights verb, transitive
1. To set on fire; ignite or kindle.
2. To cause to give out light; make luminous:
3. To provide, cover, or fill with light; illuminate:
4. To signal, direct, or guide with or as if with illumination.
5. To enliven or animate:
verb, intransitive
1. To start to burn; be ignited or kindled:
2. To emit light; be lighted:
adjective
lighter, lightest
1. Color. a. Having a greater rather than lesser degree of lightness. b. Of or being an additive primary color.
2. Characterized by or filled with light; bright:
3. Not dark in color; fair:
4. Served with milk or cream. Used of coffee.
— phrasal verb.
light up
1. To become or cause to become animated or cheerful.
2. To start smoking a cigarette, cigar, or pipe.
— idiom.
in (the) light of
In consideration of; in relationship to.
[Middle English, from Old English lêoht, lìht.]
Usage Note: Lighted and lit are equally acceptable as past tense and past participle of light. Both forms are well established as adjectives also: a lighted (or lit) cigarette.
light2
light (lìt) adjective
light·er, light·est
1. a. Of relatively little weight; not heavy: a light load. b. Of relatively little weight for its size or bulk: Balsa is a light wood. c. Of less than the correct, standard, or legal weight: a light pound.
2. Exerting little force or impact; gentle: a light pat.
3. a. Of little quantity; scanty: light snow. b. Consuming or using relatively moderate amounts; abstemious: a light eater; a light smoker. c. Not harsh or severe: gave the offender a light sentence.
4. Demanding little exertion or effort; not burdensome: light household tasks. See synonyms at easy.
5. Having little importance; insignificant: light, idle chatter.
6. Intended primarily as entertainment; not serious or profound: a light comedy.
7. Free from worries or troubles; blithe: a light heart.
8. Characterized by frivolity; silly or trivial.
9. Liable to change; fickle.
10. Mildly dizzy or faint: felt light in the head.
11. Lacking in ethical discrimination.
12. Moving easily and quickly; nimble: The dancer was light and graceful.
13. Designed for ease and quickness of movement; having a relatively slim structure and little weight: light aircraft.
14. Designed to carry relatively little weight: a light truck.
15. Carrying little equipment or armament: light cavalry; light tanks.
16. Requiring relatively little equipment and using relatively simple processes to produce consumer goods: light industry.
17. Easily awakened or disturbed: a light sleeper.
18. a. Easily digested: a light supper. b. Having a spongy or flaky texture; well-leavened: light pastries.
19. Having a loose, porous consistency: light soil.
20. Containing a relatively small amount of a potentially harmful ingredient, such as alcohol, fat, or sodium: light beer; light mayonnaise.
21. Linguistics. a. Of, relating to, or being a syllable ending in a short vowel or a short vowel plus a consonant. b. Of, relating to, or being a vowel or syllable pronounced with little or no stress.
adverb
lighter, lightest
1. In a light manner; lightly.
2. With little weight and few burdens: traveling light.
verb, intransitive
light·ed or lit (lît) light·ing, lights
1. To get down, as from a vehicle or horse; dismount.
2. To descend to the ground after flight; land.
3. To come upon one unexpectedly: Misfortune lighted upon him.
4. To come upon by chance or accident. Used with on or upon: lit on the perfect solution to the problem.
— phrasal verb.
light into Informal.
To attack verbally or physically; assail.
light out Informal.
To leave hastily; run off.
— idiom.
go light on
To treat casually or gingerly.
[Middle English, from Old English lêoht, lìht.]
Light
Light, form of energy visible to the human eye. It is emitted by moving charged particles. Light sometimes behaves like particles, called photons, and at other times like waves.
Light Emission
Light may be emitted by electrons circling the nucleus of an atom. Electrons can circle atoms only in certain patterns called orbitals, and electrons have a specific amount of energy in each orbital. If an electron moves from a higher orbital to a lower orbital, it releases its energy, sometimes in the form of a photon (see Quantum Theory). The energies of the photons an atom can emit make up the atom's spectrum (see Spectroscopy).
Electromagnetic Waves
The waves associated with light are called electromagnetic waves because they are changes in electric and magnetic fields (see Electromagnetic Radiation). Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves, moving like waves moving down a rope or waves on the surface of water (see Wave Motion). Unlike those waves, however, light does not need a substance through which to travel, and it can travel in a vacuum.
The electromagnetic spectrum is the entire range of frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic waves. Light traditionally includes the range of frequencies that can be seen by human beings. Each different frequency or wavelength of light causes an eye to see a slightly different color.
Polarization involves the direction of the electric field in an electromagnetic wave. A wave with an electric field vibrating vertically is said to be polarized in the vertical direction. The photons of such a wave would interact with matter differently than the photons of a wave polarized in the horizontal direction, and so polarization enables selective blocking and passage of light as in sunglasses.
Sources of Light
Sources of light differ in how they provide energy to the electrons that create the light. If the energy comes from heat, then the source is called incandescent. In an incandescent light source, hot atoms collide with each other, transferring energy to electrons and boosting some electrons to higher energy levels. As the electrons release this energy, they emit photons. Candle light is incandescent and results from the excited atoms of soot in the hot flame.
If the energy is chemical or electrical, the source is called luminescent (see Luminescence). A fluorescent light is a luminescent source that makes use of phosphors (chemical compounds that, when excited by an electric current, emit light). Phosphor compounds are used to convert electron energy to light in a television picture tube.
Other sources of light include synchrotron radiation, from some particle accelerators and lasers, which provide very regular waves and are a focused, powerful, and controllable energy source.
Interaction with Material
When light strikes a material, it interacts with the material's atoms, with effects depending on the frequency of the light and the atomic structure of the material. All materials exhibit some degree of absorption, refraction, and reflection of light (see Optics).
Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one material into another. Because light travels at different speeds in different materials, it must change speeds at the boundary between two materials. If a beam of light hits this boundary at an angle, then light on the side of the beam that hits first will be forced to slow down or speed up before light on the other side. The beam therefore bends.
Reflection also occurs when light hits the boundary between two materials. Some of the light hitting the boundary will be reflected back into the first material. If light strikes the boundary at an angle, the light is reflected at the same angle. Light that is reflected from a flat boundary will form a mirror image.
How Light Travels
The first successful theory of light wave motion in three dimensions was proposed by Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens in 1678. Huygens suggested that light waves form surfaces that spread out through space. Each point on a wave surface can act like a new source of smaller spherical waves, called wavelets, that are in step with the wave at that point.
Diffraction is the spreading of light waves as they pass through a small opening or around a boundary. Interference occurs when two waves overlap. In 1803 English scientist Thomas Young studied interference of light waves by passing light through a screen with two slits. The light from each slit spreads out by diffraction and eventually overlaps with light from the other slit. If the overlapping light from the slits hits a screen, it produces a series of parallel bright and dark lines. These show regions where the light waves are adding to or subtracting from each other. Applications of interference include interferometers, which are devices used to measure small distances, and holography, which forms images from the interference pattern of two beams of light.
Measuring Light
Measurable qualities of light include the wavelength, frequency, and polarization. Scientists measure the brightness of light that is used as a source of illumination in candelas and lumens, units that are based on a modernized version of the perceived brightness of a candle.
The speed of light has been defined to be 299,792,458 m per second (about 186,000 mi per second) in a vacuum. Scientists needed to measure the speed of light accurately because they were looking for the medium that they believed was waving to produce light. They called this medium ether. In 1887 American physicists Albert A. Michelson and Edward Morley performed an experiment that proved that ether did not exist. They constructed an interferometer with two light beams pointed in different directions (parallel and perpendicular to the earth's motion) and reflected back by mirrors. The beams of light were reflected at the same speed. According to the ether theory, the beams would have been reflected at different speeds. This result created a paradox that German-American physicist Albert Einstein resolved in 1905 with his special theory of relativity. Einstein suggested that the speed of light is constant and that the rest of physics had to be changed to account for this fact.
History of Light Theories
The late 1600s saw a debate on the nature of light. English physicist Sir Isaac Newton was a supporter of the theory that light exists as particles. Huygens developed the wave theory. Newton's great prestige and the difficulty of explaining polarization caused the scientific community to favor the particle theory even after Young's demonstration of wave interference. The wave theory was finally accepted after French physicist Augustin Fresnel supported Young's ideas with mathematical calculations in 1815. Irish mathematician Sir William Hamilton clarified the relationship between wave and particle viewpoints by developing a theory that unified optics and mechanics.
Scientists developed mathematical techniques to describe waves in fluids and solids, and Fresnel and his successors were able to use these advances to create a theory of transverse waves that would account for polarization. British physicist James Clerk Maxwell showed that electric and magnetic fields affect each other in such a way as to permit waves to travel through space. The equations in which he described these electromagnetic waves matched the equations scientists already knew for describing light, predicting waves throughout the electromagnetic spectrum.
Maxwell's work left unsolved a problem common to all wave theories of light. When heat is added to a system to raise its temperature, the energy is shared equally among the system's parts. When this idea is applied to light, it appears to require an infinite amount of heat to give all the parts equal energy. But incandescent light occurs in nature with a finite amount of heat. In 1900 German physicist Max Planck accounted for this fact by proposing the existence of a light quantum, a defined amount of energy that became known as the photon.
Einstein showed how Planck's theory could be used to explain the photoelectric effect, in which an atom absorbs a photon that has enough energy to free one of the atom's electrons. Einstein demonstrated that the speed of the freed electron was related not to the amount of light, but to its frequency. The freed electron moves faster when it absorbs high-frequency light. Einstein's work eventually led to an understanding of light as being neither only particles nor only waves, but a combination of both.
Matter: Organic matter: Light
light (noun)
light, daylight, light of day, noonday, noontide, noon, high noon, broad day, broad daylight, morning
sunbeam, sunlight, sun, luminary
starlight, moonlight, moonshine, earthshine
half-light, twilight, dusk, gloaming, dimness
artificial light, electric light, gaslight, candlelight, firelight, lighting
floodlight, son et lumière
illumination, irradiation, splendor, resplendence, effulgence, refulgence, intensity, brightness, vividness, brilliance
luminousness, luminosity, luminance, candlepower, magnitude
incandescence, radiance (see glow)
sheen, shine, gloss, polish, luster (see reflection)
blaze, blaze of light, sheet of light, flood of light
glare, dazzle, dazzlement
flare, flame, fire
halo, nimbus, glory, gloriole, aureole, corona
variegated light, spectrum, visible spectrum, iridescence, rainbow, variegation
coloration, riot of color, blaze of color, color
white, whiteness
Other Forms
modality: aspect, phase, light, complexion, character, guise, appearance
morning: sunrise, sun-up, daybreak, dayspring, light
window: light, lightwell, fanlight, skylight
lighter: lighter, fire-lighter, cigarette lighter, disposable lighter, Zippo lighter™, Bic lighter™, igniter, light, pilot light, illuminant, taper, spill, candle, torch
glimmer: candlelight, firelight, light
luminary: luminary, illuminant, light
lighting: lighting, illumination, irradiation, light
whiteness: white light, light
variegation: dancing light, glancing light, light
appearance: color, light, outline, shape, dimension, form
appearance: respect, light, angle, slant, point or angle of view, view
metrology: candlepower, light
truth: light, light of truth, revealed truth, gospel truth, gospel, Holy Writ, Bible, revelation
interpretation: elucidation, light, clarification, illumination
guide: lamp, light, guiding force or light, star, guiding star
warning: beacon, light, signal, indicator
beauty: splendor, gorgeousness, brilliance, brightness, radiance, light
divine attribute: transcendence, sublimity, supremacy, sovereignty, majesty, glory, light
revelation: illumination, light
light (verb)
descend: touch down, alight, light, perch, land
kindle: kindle, enkindle, ignite, light, strike a light
make bright: light, strike a light, ignite, kindle
illuminate: illuminate, light up, light, shine, make bright
Matter: Matter in general: Lightness
light (adjective)
light, underweight, deficient
lightweight, featherweight
portable, handy, little
lightsome, light-footed
light on one's feet
light-handed, having a light touch
weightless, without weight, lighter than air
imponderable, unweighable
sublime, ethereal, airy, gaseous, volatile, rare
uncompressed, doughy, yeasty, fermenting, zymotic, enzymic
aerated, frothy, bubbly, sparkling, foamy, whipped
floating, buoyed up, buoyant, unsinkable
feathery, cobwebby, gossamery, fluffy
light as air, light as a feather, light as thistledown
lightening, unloading
rising, raising, self-rising, self-raising, leavening
Other Forms
insubstantial: lightweight, light as air, airy, ethereal, light
unequal: underweight, light
small: flimsy, weightless, light
few: few, precious few, weak in numbers, scant, scanty, light, little, scarce
weak: lightweight, light
shallow: light, thin, thinly spread, narrow
ascending: buoyant, floating, light
rare: ethereal, aery, light
bubbly: yeasty, aerated, light
luminous: light, lit, well-lit, floodlit, flooded with light
soft-hued: light, pale, pastel, muted
white: dazzling, light, bright, luminous
spurious: underweight, light
irresolute: uncommitted, irresponsible, giddy, featherbrained, light, light-minded
trivial: lightweight, light
easy: light, short
facilitated: disembarrassed, disencumbered, disburdened, untrammeled, unloaded, light
merry: gay, light, frivolous, light-minded
funny: light, comic, seriocomic, tragicomic
rash: light, frivolous, airy, breezy, flippant, giddy, devil-may-care, harum-scarum, slaphappy, trigger-happy, light-minded
unchaste: incontinent, light, wanton, loose, fast, naughty
Rainbow
Rainbow, arch of light exhibiting the spectrum colors in their order, caused by drops of water falling through the air. When sunlight enters a drop of water, it is refracted, or bent, and reflected from the drop so that the light appears as a spectrum of colors. The colors are visible only when the angle of reflection between the sun, the drop of water, and the observer's line of vision is between 40 degres and 4degrees. Rainbows are usually seen in the sky opposite the sun following a rain shower and also in the spray of waterfalls.
LIGHT
Created
#Ge 1:3-5 Isa 45:7 2Co 4:6
Miraculous
#Mt 17:2 Ac 9:3
FIGURATIVE AND SYMBOLICAL
#1Ki 11:36 Ps 27:1 119:105,130 Pr 6:23 Ec 2:13
#Isa 8:20 49:6 58:8 60:19,20 Mt 4:16 5:14,16 Lu 2:32
#Lu 11:34 16:8 Joh 1:4,5,7-9 3:19-21 5:35 8:12 9:5
#Joh 12:35,36 Ac 26:18 Eph 5:8,14 Php 2:15 1Th 5:5
#1Ti 6:16 Jas 1:17 1Pe 2:9 2Pe 1:19 1Jo 1:5,7 Re 21:23
t130 ... Comparatively light ...
t1032 ... Hating the light ...
t1107 ... Salt and light of the world ...
t1336 ... A light javelin ...
t3060 ... LIGHT ...
t3431 ... Its light ...
... No light of, in heaven ...
t3949 ... Light the lamps in the tabernacle ...
... To light the lamps of the tabernacle ...
t4353 ... The light of the sun was intensified sevenfold ...
t5051 ... ( Signifying light and perfection) ...
t5107 ... In the light, as God is ...
... In the light of heaven ...
t5109 ... Called "the armor of light," ...
t5419 ... Light ...
... Light, everlasting ...
... Light of the world ...
... Light to the Gentiles ...
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