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<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=22 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="041000d2egerdp.gif"> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=145 BGCOLOR="#333399" TEXT="#080000" background="040a2c00erkjzj.gif"> <div>  <img src="HTMLobj-505/aniGif.gif" border="0" align="bottom" width="100" height="100">  </div> <div>  <img src="HTMLobj-506/aniGif.gif" border="0" align="bottom" width="569" height="373">   <img src="HTMLobj-507/aniGif.gif" border="0" align="bottom" width="76" height="64">  </div> </td> <td valign="top" height=458 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#336600" FACE="Times New Roman" ><I>TUMORS</I></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#663399" FACE="Times New Roman" >    </FONT> |    <B> </B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#0000BF" FACE="Times New Roman" ><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="TUMORS"><U><B>home</B></U></A></FONT></div> <div> <A HREF="id17.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="generality and definition"><U>generality and definition</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id63.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="chart"><U>chart</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id22.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="diag and treatment"><U>diag and treatment</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id18.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="specificity"><U>specificity</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id19.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="pictures"><U>pictures</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id23.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="cancer by organ"><U>cancer by organ</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id24.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="My Photos"><U>My Photos</U></A>   |   <B>Related Links</B>   |   <A HREF="id21.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Contact Me"><U>Contact Me</U></A></div> <div> <IMG SRC="04207040.gif" border=0 width="263" height="4" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>Related Links</B></div> <div> http://www.med.usyd.edu.au/path/Museum.html</div> <div> <A HREF="http://www.med.usyd.edu.au/path/Neoplasia_Pract/NeoplasiaPrac.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.med.usyd.edu.au/path/Neoplasi"><U>http://www.med.usyd.edu.au/path/Neoplasia_Pract/NeoplasiaPrac.html</U></A></div> <div> http://edcenter.med.cornell.edu/CUMC_PathNotes/Neoplasia/Neoplasia_01.html#4022</div> <div> <A HREF="http://edcenter.med.cornell.edu/CUMC_PathNotes/Neoplasia/Neoplasia_08.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://edcenter.med.cornell.edu/CUMC_Pat"><U>Chromosomal Abnormalities in Cancer</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF=" HTTP://WWW.PATHGUY.COM" TARGET="_top" TITLE=" HTTP://WWW.PATHGUY.COM"><U>HTTP://WWW.PATHGUY.COM</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="HTTP://IBENAYACHE.HOMESTEAD.COM" TARGET="_top" TITLE="HTTP://IBENAYACHE.HOMESTEAD.COM"><U>HTTP://IBENAYACHE.HOMESTEAD.COM</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="http://uhsweb.edu/~lulo/pathsite1.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://uhsweb.edu/~lulo/pathsite1.html"><U>http://uhsweb.edu/~lulo/pathsite1.htm</U></A><A HREF="http://uhsweb.edu/~lulo/pathsite1.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://uhsweb.edu/~lulo/pathsite1.html"><U>l</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="http://uhsweb.edu/~lulo/pathsite1.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://uhsweb.edu/~lulo/pathsite1.html"><U><B>http://www.health.latrobe.edu.au/hs/Health/Schools/HBS/Pathology/NEOPLASIA_CHARACTERISTICS.html</B></U></A><B> [EXCELLENT PICTURE AND EXPLANATION SITE]</B></div> <div>  <A NAME="21"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <B>National Cancer Institute Information Resources</B></div> <bR> <div> You may want more information for yourself, your family, and your health care provider. The following National Cancer Institute (NCI) services are available to help you.</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>Telephone</B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div>  <A NAME="t_cis"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><I><B><U>Cancer Information Service</U></B></I></FONT><I><B> (CIS)</B></I></div> <div> Provides accurate, up-to-date information on cancer to patients and their families, health professionals, and the general public. Information specialists translate the latest scientific information into understandable language and respond in English, Spanish, or on TTY equipment. </div> <div> Toll-free: 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) </div> <div> TTY (for deaf and hard of hearing callers): 1-800-332-8615 </div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="583" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="VOID" RULES="NONE" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 23 WIDTH="167"><div> <B>Internet</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="24"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="23" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="24" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="382"><div> <B>These Web sites may be useful:</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="810" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="VOID" RULES="NONE" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 75 WIDTH="279"><div> <B><U>http://www.cancer.gov</U></B></div> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="8"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="75" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="8" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="513"><bR> <bR> <div> NCI's primary Web site; contains information about the Institute and its programs.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="279"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="279" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="8"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="8" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="513"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="513" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 76 ><NOBR><div> <B><U>http://cancertrials.nci.nih.gov</U></B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="8"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="76" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="8" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="513"><div> cancerTrials™; NCI's comprehensive clinical trials information center for patients, health professionals, and the public. Includes information on understanding trials, deciding whether to participate in trials, finding specific trials, plus research news and other resources.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="279"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="279" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="8"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="8" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="513"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="513" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 76 ><NOBR><div> <B><U>http://cancernet.nci.nih.gov</U></B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="8"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="76" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="8" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="513"><div> CancerNet™; contains material for health professionals, patients, and the public, including information from PDQ<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >®</FONT> about cancer treatment, screening, prevention, supportive care, and clinical trials; and CANCERLIT<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >®</FONT>, a bibliographic database.</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>E-mail</B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> <I><B>CancerMail</B></I></div> <div> Includes NCI information about cancer treatment, screening, prevention, and supportive care. To obtain a contents list, send e-mail to <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><U>cancermail@icicc.nci.nih.gov</U></FONT> with the word "help" in the body of the message.</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>Fax</B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> <I><B>CancerFax</B></I><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>®</B></FONT></div> <div> Includes NCI information about cancer treatment, screening, prevention, and supportive care. To obtain a contents list, dial 301-402-5874 from a fax machine hand set and follow the recorded instructions.</div> <div> for the genaral public this is a usefull definition</div> <div> <B> <A NAME="benign"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>benign</B> (beh-NINE): Not cancerous; does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="biological_therapy"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>biological therapy</B> (by-o-LAHJ-i-kul): Treatment to stimulate or restore the ability of the immune system to fight infection and disease. Also used to lessen side effects that may be caused by some cancer treatments. Also called immunotherapy or biological response modifier (BRM) therapy. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="biopsy"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>biopsy</B> (BY-ahp-see): A procedure used to remove cells or tissues in order to look at them under a microscope to check for signs of disease. When an entire tumor or lesion is removed, the procedure is called an excisional biopsy. When only a sample of tissue is removed, the procedure is called an incisional biopsy or core biopsy. When a sample of tissue or fluid is removed with a needle, the procedure is called a needle biopsy or fine-needle aspiration. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="bone_marrow_transplantation"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>bone marrow transplantation</B> (trans-plan-TAY-shun): A procedure to replace bone marrow destroyed by treatment with high doses of anticancer drugs or radiation. Transplantation may be autologous (the person's marrow saved before treatment), allogeneic (marrow donated by someone else), or syngeneic (marrow donated by an identical twin). </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="cancer"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>cancer</B> : A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control. Cancer cells can invade nearby tissues and can spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="carcinogen"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>carcinogen</B> (kar-SIN-o-jin): Any substance that causes cancer. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="catheter"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>catheter</B> (KATH-i-ter): A flexible tube used to deliver fluids into or withdraw fluids from the body. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="chemotherapy"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>chemotherapy</B> (kee-mo-THER-a-pee): Treatment with anticancer drugs. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="clinical_trial"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>clinical trial</B> : A research study that evaluates the effectiveness of new interventions in people. Each study is designed to evaluate new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="colony_stimulating_factors"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>colony-stimulating factors</B> : Substances that stimulate the production of blood cells. Colony-stimulating factors include granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (also called G-CSF and filgrastim), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (also called GM-CSF and sargramostim), and promegapoietin. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="ct_scan"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>CT scan</B> : Computed tomography scan. A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called computed axial tomography (CAT) scan. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="endoscopy"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>endoscopy</B> (en-DAHS-ko-pee): The use of a thin, lighted tube (called an endoscope) to examine the inside of the body. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="estrogens"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>estrogens</B> (ES-tro-jins): A family of hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female sex characteristics. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="hormone_therapy"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>hormone therapy</B> : Treatment of cancer by removing, blocking, or adding hormones. Also called endocrine therapy. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="hormones"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>hormones</B> : Chemicals produced by glands in the body and circulated in the bloodstream. Hormones control the actions of certain cells or organs. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="imaging"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>imaging</B> : Tests that produce pictures of areas inside the body. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="immune_system"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>immune system</B> (im-YOON): The complex group of organs and cells that defends the body against infection or disease. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="immunotherapy"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>immunotherapy</B> (IM-yoo-no-THER-a-pee): Treatment to stimulate or restore the ability of the person's immune system to fight infection and disease. Also used to lessen side effects that may be caused by some cancer treatments. Also called biological therapy or biological response modifier (BRM) therapy. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="impotent"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>impotent</B> (IM-po-tent): Inability to have an erection adequate for sexual intercourse. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="interferon"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>interferon</B> (in-ter-FEER-on): A biological response modifier (a substance that stimulates the body's response to infection and disease). Interferons affect the division of cancer cells and slow tumor growth. There are several types of interferons, including interferon-alfa, interferon-beta, and interferon-gamma. These substances are normally produced by the body. They are also made in the laboratory for use in treating cancer and other diseases. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="interleukin_2"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>interleukin-2</B> (in-ter-LOO-kin): IL-2. A type of biological response modifier (a substance that can improve the body's natural response to disease) that stimulates the growth of certain disease-fighting blood cells in the immune system. These substances are normally produced by the body. They are also made in the laboratory for use in treating cancer and other diseases. Also called aldesleukin. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="lymph_node"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>lymph node</B> : A rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Also known as a lymph gland. Lymph nodes are spread out along lymphatic vessels and they contain many lymphocytes, which filter the lymphatic fluid (lymph). </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="lymphatic_system"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>lymphatic system</B> (lim-FAT-ik): The tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infection and other diseases. This system includes the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes and a network of thin tubes that carry lymph and white blood cells. These tubes branch, like blood vessels, into all the tissues of the body. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="malignant"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>malignant</B> (ma-LIG-nant): Cancerous; a growth with a tendency to invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="melanoma"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>melanoma</B> : A form of skin cancer that arises in melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment. Melanoma usually begins in a mole. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="metastasis"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>metastasis</B> (meh-TAS-ta-sis): The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. Tumors formed from cells that have spread are called "secondary tumors" and contain cells that are like those in the original (primary) tumor. The plural is metastases. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="monoclonal_antibodies"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>monoclonal antibodies</B> (MAH-no-KLO-nul AN-tih-BAH-deez): Laboratory-produced substances that can locate and bind to cancer cells wherever they are in the body. Many monoclonal antibodies are used in cancer detection or therapy; each one recognizes a different protein on certain cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies can be used alone, or they can be used to deliver drugs, toxins, or radioactive material directly to the tumor. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="mri"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>MRI</B> : Magnetic resonance imaging (mag-NET-ik REZ-o- nans IM-a-jing). A procedure in which a magnet linked to a computer is used to create detailed pictures of areas inside the body. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="oncologist"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>oncologist</B> (on-KOL-o-jist): A doctor who specializes in treating cancer. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="pathologist"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>pathologist</B> (pa-THOL-o-jist): A doctor who identifies diseases by studying cells and tissues under a microscope. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="peripheral_stem_cell_support"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>peripheral stem cell support</B> (per-IF-er-al): A method of replacing blood-forming cells destroyed by cancer treatment. Immature blood cells (stem cells) in the circulating blood that are similar to those in the bone marrow are removed from the person's blood before treatment. The cells are given back to the person after treatment. Also called peripheral stem cell transplantation. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="progesterone"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>progesterone</B> (pro-JES-ter-own): A female hormone. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="prognosis"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>prognosis</B> (prog-NO-sis): The likely outcome or course of a disease; the chance of recovery. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="radiation_therapy"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>radiation therapy</B> (ray-dee-AY-shun): The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, neutrons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy) or from material called radioisotopes. Radioisotopes produce radiation and are placed in or near a tumor or near cancer cells. This type of radiation treatment is called internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, or brachytherapy. Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body. Also called radiotherapy. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="radioactive"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>radioactive</B> (RAY-dee-o-AK-tiv): Giving off radiation. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="radionuclide_scanning"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>radionuclide scanning</B> : A test that produces pictures (scans) of internal parts of the body. The person is given an injection or swallows a small amount of radioactive material. A machine called a scanner then measures the radioactivity in certain organs. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="recur"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>recur</B> : To occur again. Recurrence is the return of cancer, at the same site as the original (primary) tumor or in another location, after it had disappeared. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="screening"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>screening</B> : Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="sperm_banking"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>sperm banking</B> : Freezing sperm for use in the future. This procedure can allow men to father children after loss of fertility. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="stage"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>stage</B> : The extent of a cancer within the body, including whether the disease has spread from the original site to other parts of the body. Staging refers to the determination of the extent of cancer. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="surgery"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>surgery</B> : A procedure to remove or repair a part of the body or to find out if disease is present. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="systemic"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>systemic</B> (sis-TEM-ik): Affecting the entire body. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="tissue"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>tissue</B> (TISH-oo): A group or layer of cells that together perform specific functions. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="tumor"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>tumor</B> (TOO-mer): An abnormal mass of tissue that results from excessive cell division. Tumors perform no useful body function. They may be either benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="ultrasonography"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>ultrasonography</B> (UL-tra-son-OG-ra-fee): A study in which sound waves (called ultrasound) are bounced off tissues and the echoes are converted into a picture (sonogram). </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="ultraviolet_radiation"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>ultraviolet radiation</B> (ul-tra- VYE-o-let ray-dee-AY-shun): Invisible rays that are part of the energy that comes from the sun. UV radiation can damage the skin and cause melanoma and other types of skin cancer. UV radiation that reaches the earth's surface is made up of two types of rays, called UVA and UVB rays. UVB rays are more likely than UVA rays to cause sunburn, but UVA rays pass deeper into the skin. Scientists have long thought that UVB radiation can cause melanoma and other types of skin cancer. They now think that UVA radiation also may add to skin damage that can lead to skin cancer and cause premature aging. For this reason, skin specialists recommend that people use sunscreens that reflect, absorb, and/or scatter both kinds of UV radiation. </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="white_blood_cell"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>white blood cell</B> : A type of cell in the immune system that help the body fight infection and disease. White blood cells include lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, and others</div> <bR> <bR> <div> Paine ML, JR Gibbins KE Chew, A Demetriou, RF Kefford. (1992) Loss of keratin expression in anaplastic carcinoma cells due to<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>post-trascriptional down-regulation acting in trans. Cancer Res. 52,<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>6603-6611.<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>Paine ML, JR Gibbins, JM Whitelock, RL O'Grady, RF Kefford. (1993)<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>Unregulated and independent expression of collagenase and transin<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>related to tumor progression. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 85, 1425-1427.<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>Whitelock JM, ML. Paine, JR Gibbins, RF Kefford, RL O'Grady. (1993)<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>Multiple levels of post-transcriptional regulation of collagenase<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>(Matrix metalloproteinase 1) in an epithelial cell line. Immunol. Cell<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>Biol. 71, 39-47.<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>Lim, L. and J. R. Gibbins (1995). 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Vascular<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>co-localization of proteolytic enzymes and proteinase inhibitors in<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>advanced periodontitis Journal of Pathology 179(3): 326-32.<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>Pinchback, J. S., B. A. Taylor, et al. (1996). Microvascular angiopathy<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>in advanced periodontal disease Journal of Pathology 179(2): 204-9.<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>McDonald, L. A., Walker, D. M., and Gibbins, J. R. (1998). Cervical<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>Lymph Node Involvement In Head and Neck Cancer Detectable As Expression Of<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>a Spliced Transcript Of Type Ii Keratin K5. Oral Oncology 34, 4 276-283.<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>Gibbins, J. R., Manthey, A., Tazawa, Y. 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J Invest Dermatol. 108: 914-919.</div> <div> Crotty KA(1997) Spitz naevus:histological features and distinction from malignant melanoma" Australasian J of Dermatol:38: Suppl 1; S49-S53</div> <div> Papadopoulos T, Rasiah K, Thompson JF, Quinn MJ, Crotty KA(1997) Melanoma of the nose. British J Surg. 84, 986-989.</div> <div> Li, L. ,Crotty,K. ,Kril,J. ,McCarthy,S. ,Palmer,A. Correlation of MIB1-reacted Ki67 immunoreactivity with DNA microdensitometry, caryometry and AgNORs in melanocyticlesions and their combination studies</div> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>