UHLAND
The UHLAND was a 3-masted, square-rigged ship, built by Johann Lange, in Vegesack-Grohn, for the Bremen shipowner Hermann Henrich Meier, later one of the founders of Norddeutscher Lloyd, and launched on 23 September 1847. She was named after the famous poet Ludwig Uhland, and was intended for the Bremen-New Orleans packet service. 413 Commerzlasten/938 tons register, 43,7 x 10,6 x 6,3 meters (length x beam x depth of hold); International Signal Code: QBMS. She was at the time of her launching the largest German ship. Masters: Jurgen Meyer (1847-1850), Johann Wachter (1850-1853), Christian Lahusen (1853-1862), F. C. T. Soltenborn (1862-1868), Johann Holjes (1868-....), and B. H. Janssen. In 1879, she was sold to L. W. Wendelin, of Christinestad, Finland, who changed her name to SUOMI. She was abandonned at sea in 1889 [Peter-Michael Pawlik, Von der Weser in die Welt; Die Geschichte der Segelschiffe von Weser und Lesum und ihrer Bauwerften 1770 bis 1893, Schriften des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseums, Bd. 33 (2., unveranderte Aufl.; Hamburg: Kabel, c1993), pp. 212-213. An oil painting of the launching of the UHLAND, by Carl Justus Harmen Fedeler, is in the possession of the Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum, Van-Ronzelen-Strasse, D-27586 Bremerhaven-Mitte. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 29 November 1997]

UMBERTO I
This was built by A.McMillan & Son, Dumbarton in 1878 for Societa Rocco Piaggio & Figli of Genoa. She was a 2,822 gross ton ship, length 360ft x beam 38ft, clipper stem, one funnel, two masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 13 knots. There was passenger accommodation for 98-1st, 80-2nd and 800-3rd class. Launched on 15th August 1878, she sailed on her maiden voyage from Genoa for Montevideo and Buenos Aires on 10th December 1878. In 1885, the fleet was taken over by Navigazione Generale Italiana and continued on the Genoa - South America service. In 1894 she ran in the NGI Egyptian Line and in 1910 went to Soc. Nazionale di Servizi Marittimi. She was sunk by gunfire from the German submarine U.35 off Gallinara Island on 14th August 1917. [South Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor] - [Posred to the ShipsList by Ted Finch - 29 July 1998]

UMBRIA
The "Umbria" was a 7,718 gross ton ship, built for Cunard SS Co in 1884 by John Elder & Co, Glasgow. Her details were - length 501.6ft x beam 57.2ft, two funnels, three masts (rigged for sail), single screw and a speed of 19 knots. There was accommodation for 550-1st and 800-3rd class passengers. Launched on 26th Jun.1884 and sailed on her maiden voyage between Liverpool, Queenstown (Cobh) and New York on 1st Nov.1884. In 1887 or earlier she had accommodation for 160-intermediate passengers added, and in May 1887 made a record passage of 6 days, 4 hours, 12 mins between Queenstown and Sandy Hook. In 1890 she was rebuilt to 8,128 gross tons and on 31st Dec.1892 arrived at New York with a broken shaft. She sailed New York - Liverpool without passengers for permanent repairs and resumed Liverpool - New York sailings on 1st Apr.1893. In Jan.1900 she made two voyages as a Boer War transport and recommenced Liverpool - Queenstown - New York voyages on 21st Jul.1900. Her last sailing on this service started 12th Feb.1910 and she was scrapped the same year. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.1, p.153-4] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 13 October 1998]

UNCLE SAM
The UNCLE SAM was a wooden side-wheel steamer; 3 decks, 3 masts, round stern, nohead; 1,433 44/95 tons; 235 feet 6 inches x 35 feet 8 inches x 22 feet (length x beam x depth of hold); engine built by the Allaire Iron Works; diameter of cylinder 5 feet 6 inches, length of stroke 11 feet; diameter of paddle wheels 32 feet. Built to carry 800 passengers. Cost $160,000. Built by Perine, Patterson and Stack, Williamsburg, New York, for Edward Mills. Launched 28 September 1852. Operated by Mills from New York to Aspinwall from December, 1852, until May, 1853. Sent to the Pacific and sailed between San Francisco and Panama for the Independent Opposition Line from September, 1853, until September, 1854, when she was sold to Vanderbilt and placed on his Nicaragua Steamship Company line between San Francisco and San Juan del Sur. She made her last voyage for Vanderbilt in March, 1856. In May and June, 1856, she made a voyage to Panama for unnamed operators, and then was not imployed on the route again until she began to sail for the New York and California Steamship Company in May, 1859, on the Panama route. In January, 1860, she made one voyage for the Atlantic and Pacific Steamship Company, and by August of that year she had been purchased by the Pacific Mail and was operating for them. She made her last voyage to Panama in December, 1861. In February, 1866, she was sold by the Pacific Mail to James S. Hermann and Company of Panama, who loaded her with barrels of beef, pork, wine, and ship's bread, and although she cleared for Chile, it was suspected that her cargo was destined for Spanish men-of-war off the west coast of South America. She was lost in 1876 [Kemble, The Panama Route, 1848-1869, p. 249]. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 23 September 1997]

UNICORN
I don't have much info on the "Unicorn" but she was a 640 ton wooden paddle steamer and operated originally for the Burns Line between Glasgow and Liverpool. She was purchased by Cunard and sailed from Liverpool on 16th May 1840 for Halifax and Boston in preparation for the establishment of the Pictou - Quebec feeder service. The arrangement being that mails would be sent by stagecoach between Halifax and Pictou. In this way, the "Unicorn" was responsible for the first Cunard transatlantic voyage, although this was a one-way 'delivery' voyage. - [E-mail from Ted Finch - 17 October 1998]

UNION (1)
The UNION was built by the shipbuilding firm of J. H. Bosse, in Burg (now Bremen-Burg), and was launched on 6 September 1854. 181 Commerzlasten/408 tons register; 36,2 x 8,7 x 4,6 meters (length x beam x depth of hold). (It is interesting to note that the LEIBNITZ, whose crew the UNION saved, was also built by J. H. Bosse, in 1848). Her original owners were the Bremen firm of Konitzky & Thiermann (3/8), her captain, Johann Horstmann, of Vegesack (3/8), and Johann Koper (1/8) and Jurgen Meyer (1/8), both of Vegesack. The UNION was employed chiefly in the emigrant trade. She was sold in 1863 to Engelbert Walte, of Bremen, and placed under the command of Johann Conrad Heinrich Eckenberg (1863-1864), then of Wilhelm PHilipp August Picherl, both of Bremen. She was sold again, in 1865, to a Captain Berg, of Friedrichshald, Norway, who was sailing her until about 1872. Her ultimate fate is not known [Peter-Michael Pawlik, Von der Weser in die Welt; Die Geschichte der Segelschiffe von Weser und Lesum und ihrer Bauwerften 1770 bis 1893, Schriften des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseums, Bd. 33 (Hamburg: Kabel, c1993), p. 392]. Pawlik, p. 391, contains a reproduction of an oil painting of the UNION, painted in 1860 by Oltmann Jaburg. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 25 November 1997]

UNION (2)
SS Union, Norddeutscher Lloyd line. Years of service 1867-1870. 2800 tons, 330x40 ft., 1 funnel, 2 masts, iron hull, speed 11 knots. Sister ship to Hansa, America, Hermann, Deutschland, Wesser.. SS Union was wrecked near Peterhead on Nov. 28, 1870. (Ref; Gibbs, Passenger Liners of the Western Ocean) [Posted to The ShipsList by Paul Petersen - 23 November 1997]

The "Union" was built by Caird & Co, Greenock in 1866 for Norddeutscher Lloyd [North German Lloyd] of Bremen. She was a 2,800 gross ton ship, length 325ft x beam 40ft, clipper stem, one funnel, two masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 11 knots. There was accommodation for 60-1st, 120-2nd and 700-3rd class passengers. Launched on 27/10/1866, she sailed from Bremen on her maiden voyage to Southampton and New York on 13/1/1867. On 28/11/1870 she was wrecked on Rattray Head, Aberdeenshire, Scotland with no loss of life. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2, p.545] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 24 November 1997]

UNION RELIANCE
See ANNA SALEN.

UNITED STATES (1)
The "United States" was built by Wm.H.Webb, New York (engines by T.F.Secor Co, New York) in 1847 for the Black Ball Line of New York. She was a 1,857 gross ton ship, length 244.6ft x beam 48ft, clipper stem, one funnel, three masts, wooden construction, paddle wheel propulsion and a speed of 10 knots. There was accommodation for 100-1st and 50-2nd class passengers. Her keel was laid on 20/1/1847 and she was launched on 20/8/1847. She left New York on her maiden voyage to Liverpool on 8/4/1848 and after one voyage, was transferred to an independant steamer and completed two round voyages from New York to Southampton and Havre, commencing 10/6/1848 and 5/8/1848. On 6/12/1848 she commenced her last voyage New York - Southampton - Havre (dep.9/1/1849) - Southampton - Halifax - New York (arr.5/2/1849). In 1849 she was sold and converted to a warship and on 31/5/1849 sailed from New York for Liverpool where she was renamed "Hansa" for the Weiland Deutsche Reichsflotte (Former-German Confederation Navy). In 1853 she was sold to Fritze & Lehmkuhl and commenced her first Bremen - New York sailing on 30/8/1853. On 17/10/1854 she left Bremen on her last voyage to New York (4 Round Voyages) and on 24/3/1855 sailed from London to the Black Sea as a Crimea War Transport. On 18/9/1855 she returned to the UK and on 9/4/1857 resumed the Bremen - New York route for one round voyage. In 1858 she went to the Galway Line, was rebuilt to 2,516 gross tons, renamed "Indian Empire" and completed two round voyages Galway - New York, commencing 19/6/1858 and 28/9/1858. On 24/7/1861 she was damaged by fire at Deptford, London and was laid up in the Victoria Dock, London until 4/5/1866 when she sank in dock. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1, p.192] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 6 November 1997]

UNITED STATES (2)
The "United States" belonged to the Danish "Scandinavian American Line". She was a 10,095 gross ton liner built in 1903 by A.Stephens and sons at Glasgow. Her dimensions were 500.8ft x 58.3ft. one funnel, two masts, twin screw, 14 knots. There was accommodation for 130 1st, 140 2nd, and 1400 3rd class passengers. She sailed between Copenhagen - Christiana (Oslo) - Christiansand - New York. In 1922 she was converted to carry cabin class passengers instead of first and second class, and in 1928 converted again for cabin, tourist, and third class passengers. In 1934 she was laid up due to the depression and subsequent lack of trade, and in 1935 was seriously damaged by fire at Copenhagen, sold to shipbreakers and scrapped at Leghorn. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 8 July 1997]

The "United States" was built by A.Stephen & Sons, Glasgow in 1903 for the Scandinavia-American Line of Denmark. She was a 10,095 gross ton ship, length 500.8ft x beam 58.3ft, one funnel, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 15 knots. There was accommodation for 130-1st, 140-2nd and 1,400-3rd class passengers. Launched on 30/3/1903, she sailed from Copenhagen on her maiden voyage to Christiana (Oslo), Christiansand and New York on 3/6/1903. In October 1922, her accommodation was altered to carry cabin and 3rd class only, and in February 1928 to cabin, tourist and 3rd class. She commenced her last voyage on 25/10/1934 when she left Copenhagen for Oslo, Christiansand, New York (dep 10/11/1934), Christiansand, Oslo and Copenhagen. On 2/9/1935 she was damaged by fire at Copenhagen and was scrapped the same year at Leghorn. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.3, p.1240] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 15 January 1998]

URAL (1)
See PRINZ EITEL FREIDRICH (1)

URAL (2)
See KAISERIN MARIA THERESIA .

URANIUM
The "Uranium" was built by Wm Denny & Bros, Dumbarton in 1891 as the "Avoca" for British India Associated Steamers. She was a 5,183 gross ton ship, length 340ft x beam 43ft, one funnel, three masts (rigged for sail), single screw and a speed of 14 knots. There was accommodation for 80-1st and 1,000-3rd class passengers. Launched on 9th Jun.1891, and sailed on her maiden voyage on the Queensland Royal Mail service on 14th Sep.1891. In 1896 she was chartered to the Spanish Cia. Trasatlantica, renamed "San Fernando" and was used on the Central America service to Cuba, mainly with troops. She returned to British India later the same year, resumed her previous name and went back to the Australia service. Between 1899-1900 she made four trooping voyages between India and South Africa for the Boer War and a fifth as a hospital ship. In 1903 she was transferred to British India Steam Nav.Co and in 1907 was sold to the East Asiatic Co, Copenhagen and renamed "Atlanta". Used as a Royal Yacht for King Christian's visit to Greenland and was then laid up at Copenhagen. Sold to the New York & Continental Line in 1908, she reverted to her original name of "Avoca" and on 1st Apr.1908 commenced her first Hamburg - Rotterdam - Halifax - New York voyage. In July 1908 she landed 300 passengers at the Hook of Holland and then collided with an anchored German steamer. She docked at Rotterdam and was then arrested for the costs incurred as the result of the collision. The company was insolvent and the "Avoca" was auctioned to C.G.Ashdown for 15,000 UKP, who resold her two months later to North West Transport Line for 35,000 UKP. She was renamed "Uranium", and was in poor condition and fit only for the emigrant trade. Resumed the Rotterdam - Halifax - New York route on 3rd Apr.1909 and made nine voyages on this service, the last starting on 9th Apr.1910. In 1910 she came under the ownership of Uranium Steamship Co and continued Rotterdam - Halifax - New York voyages for her new owners on 4th Jun.1910. On 12th Jan.1913 she went ashore in thick fog near Halifax while going to the aid of the Allan liner "Carthaginian" which was on fire. She was salvaged and then refitted and improved and returned to the same service until starting her last sailing on 23rd Jul.1914 when she left Rotterdam for Halifax, New York, Montreal and the UK. In 1916 she was sold to Cunard Line, renamed "Feltria", and commenced Avonmouth - New York sailings in Nov.1916. On 5th May 1917 she was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine UC.48, while 8 miles off Mine Head, County Waterford, Ireland with the loss of 45 lives. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.3, p.1378-9] [Merchant Fleets by Duncan Haws, vol.11, British India S.N.Co] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 24 August 1998]

USSURI
See HOHENZOLLERN (1).

UTICA
The UTICA was a three-masted square-rigged sailing ship, built in 1833 by Christian Bergh & Co., New York. 525 tons; 131 feet 3 inches x 29 feet 8 inches x 14 feet 10 inches (length x beam x depth of hold). She served in the Havre Second Line of packets from 1833 to 1848, during which her average westward passage was 40 days, her shortest being 35 days, her longest 59 days. She was transferred to the California service in 1849. On the morning of Sunday, 23 June 1850, while anchored at San Francisco, she took fire in the hold. She was lying in the thickest part of the shipping, and in order to prevent the fire spreading to other vessels her cable was let slip, and she drifted in the direction of Yerba Buena Island, where she was scuttled in five fathoms of water; several days later, she was sold as she lay, full of water, for $1,650 [Robert Greenhalgh Albion, Square-riggers on Schedule; The New York Sailing Packets to England, France, and the Cotton Ports (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1938), pp. 284-285; Carl C. Cutler, Queens of the Western Ocean; The Story of America's Mail and Passenger Sailing Lines (Annapolis: United States Naval Institute, c1961), pp. 324 and 394; Daily Alta California , 24 June 1850, p. 2c, and 28 June 1850, p. 2e]. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 25 September 1997]

UTOPIA (1)
The Utopia was built in New Brunswick in 1853 (National Archives of Canada, record group 42, Volume 1347 (original Vol. 136) reel C 386, page 151). According to the annual volumes of Lloyd's Register of Shipping for 1854/1855 - 1867/68, she was 949 tons, & measured 153.4 x 31.3 x 22.2 feet (length x beam x depth of hold) Owner: 1854/55-1857/58 W.Sharp; 1858/59-1864/65 James Baines & Co (the "Black Ball Line"). Destined Voyage 1854/55 - Australia; 1855/56-1857/58 - India; 1858//1859-1866/67 - Australia; 1866/67-1867/68 - India. On 10th March 1867, John Dickie, master, she sailed from Liverpool, but was almost immediately found to be leaking badly, and on 13 March was abandoned about 70 miles south of Cape Clear, the board of inquiry found the master negligent in putting to sea in a leaky vessel, but found that he did so under pressure from the ship owner and the shipping broker, and so his master's certificate with an admonition (Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons, 1871, 1xi.693). - [E-mail from Doug McLean - 3 August 1998]

UTOPIA (2)
The "Utopia" was a 2,731 gross ton ship, built in 1874 by Robert Duncan & Co, Port Glasgow (engines by D&W.Henderson Ltd, Glasgow). Her details were - length 350.3ft x beam 35.2ft, straight stem, one funnel, three masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 13 knots. There was accommodation for 120-1st, 60-2nd and 600-3rd class passengers. Launched on 14/2/1874 for the Anchor Line of Glasgow, she sailed from Glasgow on her maiden voyage to Moville and New York on 23/5/1874. She started her 12th and last voyage on this service on 28/8/1875, and in 1875-76 completed two Glasgow - Liverpool - Bombay voyages. On 30/4/1876 she inaugurated a new London - New York service, and made 40 round voyages on this route, the last commencing 8/12/1881. In February 1882 she commenced Glasgow - Messina - Naples - New York - Glasgow sailings and between 1882 and 1891 made 17 Glasgow - Mediterranean - New York - Glasgow voyages. She was fitted with triple expansion engines in 1890 and refitted to carry 45-1st and 900-3rd class passengers. On 25/2/1891 she sailed from Trieste for Naples, Gibralter and New York with 3 saloon passengers, 815 Italian emigrants, a crew of 59 and 3 stowaways. On March 17th, she entered Gibraltar harbour in pitch darkness and a full gale, where the British Mediterranean Fleet was at anchor, crossed too close to the ram bow of the battleship HMS Anson and tore a large hole in the liner's stern quarter. The "Utopia" started to sink rapidly, the lights failed and a panic ensued, the emigrants ran foreward and jumped overboard. The British Fleet sent rescue boats, but the "Utopia" sank within ten minutes with the loss of 520 emigrants, one saloon passenger and 12 crew as well as two of the naval rescuers. Because of the danger to navigation, the ship was refloated by using cofferdams and pumped clear of water and came to the surface 17 weeks after the disaster. Towed to the River Clyde, she lay idle until 1900, when she was sold and scrapped. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.1, p.460] [Merchant Fleets by Duncan Haws, vol.9, Anchor Line] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 23 February 1998]

VADERLAND (1)
The "Vaderland" was built by Palmer's Shipbuilding & Iron Co, Jarrow-on-Tyne in 1872 for the Red Star Line. She was a 2,748 gross ton vessel, length 320.5ft x beam 38.5ft, straight stem, one funnel, three masts (barque rigged for sails), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 13 knots. She was unusual in that her engines and funnel were aft, possibly designed that way as she was originally built to carry passengers and petroleum, but never carried the latter. There was accommodation for 30-1st(later 70-1st) and 800-3rd class passengers. Launched on 21/8/1872, she sailed on her maiden voyage from Antwerp to Falmouth, Halifax and Philadelphia on 20/1/1873. On 25/3/1873 she commenced her first voyage from Antwerp direct to Philadelphia and on 29/11/1876 her first Antwerp - New York voyage. Between 1877-87 she sailed between Antwerp and New York or Philadelphia and on 26/10/1887 commenced her last Antwerp - New York voyage and subsequently ran to Philadelphia only. She sailed under the Belgian flag until March 1889 when she was sold to French owners and renamed "Geographique". In Oct.1889 she was sunk in collision. [ North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2,p.849] There is a line drawing of her in North Atlantic Seaway , vol.2. [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 13 December 1997]

VADERLAND (2)
The ship the Vaderland, first shipped out in 1876, I had relatives on #79 30 Jun 1877 from Antwerp, Belguim to Philadelphia, PA. [E-mail from Alvin Reimer - 20 November 1997]

VADERLAND (3)
Steamship VADERLAND, built by John Brown & Co Ltd, Glasgow, for the Red Star Line, and launched on 12 July 1900. 11,899 tons; 170,92 x 18,35 meters (560.8 x 60.2 feet, length x beam); 2 funnels, 4 masts; twin-screw propulsion, service speed 15 knots; accommodation for 342 1st-, 194 2nd-, and 626 3rd-class passengers. 8 December 1900, maiden voyage, Antwerp- Southampton-New York (British flag). 11 December 1901, first voyage for the American Line (chartered), Southampton- Cherbourg-New York. 8 April 1901, last voyage for the American Line, Southampton-Cherbourg- New York (3 roundtrip voyages). 16 May 1903, first voyage, Antwerp-New York (Belgian flag). 25 July 1914, last voyage, Antwerp-New York. 22 September 1914, first voyage, Liverpool-New York (British flag). December 1914, first voyage for White Star-Dominion (chartered), Liverpool-Halifax-Portland. February 1915, last voyage for White Star-Dominion, Liverpool-Halifax-Portland (3 roundtrip voyages). 1915, renamed SOUTHLAND (International Navigation Co); taken up as a troopship. 2 September 1915, torpedoed in the Aegean Sea; reached port; repaired. August 1916, first voyage for White Star-Dominion (chartered), Liverpool-Quebec-Montreal. 4 June 1917, torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U.70 off the Irish coast (4 lives lost) [Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 2 (1978), p. 855]. Pictured in Arnold Kludas, Die grossen Passagierschiffe der Welt; Eine Dokumentation, Band I: 1858-1912 (2nd ed.; Oldenburg/ Hamburg: Gerhard Stalling, c1972), p. 83. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 18 September 1997]

VALPARAISO.(1)
VALPARAISO.(1) was a 3,575 gross ton ship, built in 1873 by John Elder & Co, Glasgow for the British owned Pacific Steam Navigation Co. Her details were - length 115,57m x beam 12,74m (379.2ft x 41.8ft), clipper stem, one funnel, three masts (rigged for sails), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 12 knots. There was passenger accommodation for 116-1st, 50-2nd and 800-3rd class. Launched on 30th July 1873, she commenced sailings between Liverpool, Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo and Valparaiso on 8th October 1873. On February 28th 1887, she was wrecked off Vigo, Spain while on passage from Liverpool to Montevideo, with no loss of life. [South Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, p.160] - [Posted to the ShipsList by Ted Finch - 9 July 1998]

VALPARAISO (2)
VALPARAISO (2) was owned by the German, Hamburg South America line. Built by Reiherstieg, Hamburg, she was a 2,247 gross ton ship, length 91,43m x beam 10,97m (300ft x 36ft), straight stem, one funnel, two masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. There was capacity for 30-1st and 150-3rd class passengers. Launched in May 1873, she started Hamburg - Brazil sailings on 19th November 1873. In 1893 she was sold to British owners and in 1902 went to Chilean owners and was renamed "Don Matias". On 23rd July 1908 she was sunk in collision off the coast of Chile. [South Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, p.201] - [Posted to the ShipsList by Ted Finch - 9 July 1998]

VANCOUVER (1)
See LIEBIG.

VANCOUVER (2)
The "Vancouver" was built by C.Connell & Co, Glasgow in 1884 for the Dominion Line. Her details were - 5,141 gross tons, length 430.6ft x beam 45ft, two funnels, four masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 14 knots. There was accommodation for 200-cabin class, 120-intermediate and 1,500-3rd class passengers. Launched on 12/3/1884, she commenced her maiden voyage from Liverpool to Quebec and Montreal on 19/6/1894. On 28/12/1886 she was chartered to Inman Line and completed two voyages between Liverpool, Queenstown (Cobh) and New York. In August 1890 she sustained slight damage in collision with an iceberg in fog near Belle Isle. In November 1890 her commander and a quartermaster were swept overboard and drowned. In 1892 she was rebuilt with triple expansion engines and only one funnel, and in November 1894 she stranded at the entrance to Lough Foyle and was towed to Liverpool. In August 1896 she was in collision with the Beaver Line's "Lake Ontario" in the St Lawrence River and both ships sustained damage. On 29/3/1902 she sailed from Liverpool for Naples and on 10/4/1902 commenced her first Naples - Boston sailing. She commenced her last Boston - Genoa - Naples voyage on 21/11/1903 and resumed Liverpool - Quebec - Montreal voyages in May 1904. Her accommodation was altered to carry 300-2nd and 1,500-3rd class passengers and she commenced her final voyage on 27/3/1909 when she left Portland for Liverpool. In 1910 she was scrapped. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2, p.807]
It should be mentioned that, between 1870-1899, Dominion Line had one of the worst safety records of all North Atlantic shipping lines. They lost 12 steamers, plus two more on charter due to shipwreck or other loss at sea, out of a total of 27 ships operated over this period. From then onwards the only losses were due to enemy action during the Great War. The company was eventually absorbed into the White Star Line, which, in it's turn, became part of Cunard White Star. - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 2 December 1997]

VANCOUVER (3) See CITY OF CHICAGO.

VANCOUVER ISLAND
The "Vancouver Island" was a 7,000 gross ton twin screw motorship built by the Deutsche Werke, Kiel in 1928 as the "Sud Americano" for the Norwegian A/S Linea Sud Americano (Ivar Christensen). Due to her not reaching her contracted speed, she (together with her sister ship "Sud Expreso") was returned to her builders, renamed "Schleswig" and laid up. For a time she was under charter to the Blue Star Line of London and was renamed "Yakima Star". About 1933 she was purchased by an intermediary concern, re-engined, and had her hull lengthened, bringing her gross tonnage up to 9,200. Her two funnels were replaced by a single one, and she entered the service of Norddeutscher Lloyd [North German Lloyd] of Bremen. She was then renamed "Weser". In October 1940 she was captured while attempting to run the British blockade by HMCS Prince Robert, which was formerly the Canadian National Steamship coastal liner of the same name. The "Weser" was renamed "Vancouver Island" and as such, was torpedoed by a German submarine in the North Atlantic on October 15th 1941. [Keith B.Lewis, Sea Breezes magazine, Dec.1950] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 13 January 1998]

VANDALIA
The "Vandalia" was built in 1871 by Caird & Co, Greenock for the Hamburg America Line. She was a 2,810 gross ton ship, length 330ft x beam 39ft, one funnel, two masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 11 knots. There was accommodation for 150-1st, 70-2nd and 150-3rd class passengers. Launched on 22/4/1871 and meant for the New Orleans service, but started her maiden voyage on 28/6/1871 when she left Hamburg for New York. She made 27 North Atlantic crossings, starting the last on 12/2/1883, and was then sold to British owners. In 1884 she was purchased by the Hamburg Hansa Line, renamed "Kehrwieder" and on 12/4/1885 commenced Hamburg - Montreal sailings. She made her last voyage on this service on 17/10/1891 and on 15/3/1892 made a single round voyage between Hamburg and Boston. She was then taken over by Hamburg America Line, together with the rest of the Hamburg Hansa Line fleet and resumed sailings between Hamburg and Boston on 10/8/1892. In 1895 she was renamed "Polonia" and in 1897 was sold and scrapped at Spezia. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1, p.390] [Merchant Fleets by Duncan Haws, vol.4, Hamburg America Line] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 4 March 1998]

VATERLAND
The first vessel named VATERLAND employed in the North Atlantic passenger trade was built for the Hamburg American Line and made her maiden voyage in May 1914; in April 1917 she was seized by the U.S. Government at New York, and subsequently renamed LEVIATHAN, under which name she was transferred in 1920 to the U.S. Lines, for whom she ran until 1934; she was scrapped in 1938. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 24 September 1997]

VARVARA
See LAPLAND (1) .

VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA
See OCEANA.

VASILISSA FREIDERIKI
The "Vasilissa Freideriki" (Queen Frederica) was built by W.Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia in 1926 as the "Malolo" for the American Matson Line. She was a 17,232 gross ton ship, length overall 582ft x beam 83.2ft, two funnels, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 22 knots. There was accommodation for 693-1st class passengers. Launched on 26/6/1926, she was struck by the Norwegian freighter "Jacob Christensen" while on trials near the Nantucket Lightship, was extensively damaged and repaired at New York. She made her first voyage from San Francisco to Honolulu in November 1927. In 1937 she was renamed "Matsonia" and continued in the same service until 1941 when she was converted to a troopship. In April 1946 she was returned to Matson Line and on 22/5/1946 resumed the SF - Honolulu service until April 1948 when she was laid up at Alameda, Calif. The same year, she was sold to the Panamanian Home Line and renamed "Atlantic". Refitted in 1949 by Ansaldo, Genoa to 15,602 tons and to carry 283-1st, 224-cabin and 735-tourist class passengers, she commenced her first voyage from Genoa to Naples, Barcelona and New York on 14/5/1949. She started her last crossing on 21/11/1951 when she left Alexandria for Haifa, Beirut, Naples, Genoa, Cannes, Barcelona, Halifax and New York. In 1952 she was altered to carry 174-1st and 1,005-tourist class passengers with a tonnage of 20,553 tons. In February 1952 she started her first Genoa - Halifax - Southampton voyage and then transferred to Southampton - Havre - Halifax crossings. She made three round voyages on this route and then started Southampton - Havre - Quebec voyages on 21/4/1952. Her last voyage on this service was in November 1954 and on 18/11/1954 she sailed from New York for Halifax, Naples and Genoa. She made one more Genoa - Naples - Halifax - New York crossing and in January 1955 was sold to the Greek National Hellenic American Line. Renamed "Vasilissa Friederiki" (Queen Frederica) and refitted to accommodate 190-1st, 250-cabin and 800-tourist class passengers, she sailed on her first voyage from Piraeus to Naples, Palermo, Halifax and New York on 29/1/1955. In January 1956 she was altered to carry 1st and tourist class only, and to 21,239 tons. On 1/11/1965 she started her last New York - Naples - Piraeus voyage and then went to Chandris Lines of Greece. She sailed from Piraeus for Messina, Palermo, Naples, Halifax and New York in March 1966 and on 12/10/1967 started her last voyage on this service. On 24/10/1967 she sailed from New York for Havre and Southampton and on 16/11/1967 commenced a single round voyage from Rotterdam to Southampton, Cape Town, Australia and New Zealand. She was subsequently used for Mediterranean cruises by Sovereign Cruises and in 1971 was laid up in the River Dart, Devon. In June 1972 she sailed to Piraeus and was again laid up. Used in 1973 for Mediterranean cruises, she was laid up at Piraeus in November of that year and in 1977 was scrapped at Elefsis, Greece. In February 1978 she was gutted by fire at the breaker's yard. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.4, p.1697-8] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 10 March 1998]

The Queen Frederica, built by W. Cramp, Philadelphia (ship #509), for the Matson Navigation Co, and launched on 26 June 1926 as the MALOLO. 17,232 tons; 177,3 x 25,4 meters; 2 funnels, 2 masts; twin-screw propulsion (turbine engines), service speed 21 knots; accommodation for 693 passengers in a single class. 24 May 1927, trials; the following day she collided in the fog off Nantucket with the Norwegian steamship JACOB CHRISTENSEN and almost sank; with 7,000 tons of water in her hold, towed to New York. 16 November 1927, maiden voyage, San Francisco-Honolulu. 1937, renamed MATSONIA; passenger accommodations modernized; 17,226 tons. December 1941, U.S. Navy transport. April 1946, returned to Matson Line control. 22 May 1946, resumed San Francisco-Honolulu service. April 1948, laid up at Alameda. 1948, sold to Home Lines, Panama (until 1953, registered in the name of the Mediterranean Lines), and renamed ATLANTIC. Rebuilt by Ansaldo, in Genoa; passenger accommodations: 349/283 in 1st class, 203/224 in cabin class, 626/735 in tourist class [Kludas/Bonsor]; 15,602 tons. 14 May 1949, first voyage, Genoa-Naples-Bareclona-New York. 21 November 1951, last voyage, Alexandria-Haifa-Beirut-Naples-Genoa-Cannes- Barcelona-Halifax-New York. February 1952, first voyage, Genoa-Halifax (departed 20 February)-Southampton; 20,553 tons. 29 February 1952, first voyage, Southampton-Havre-Halifax (3 voyages). 21 April-November 1952, Southampton-Quebec. 18 November 1954, 1 roundtrip voyage, New York- Halifax-Naples-Genoa. December 1954, acquired by the National Hellenic American Line and renamed VASILISSA FREIDERIKI (QUEEN FREDERICA); passenger accommodation: 132/190 in 1st class, 116/250 in cabin class, and 931/800 in tourist class [Kludas/Bonsor]. 29 January 1955, first voyage, Piraeus-Naples-Palermo-Halifax -New York. 1960/61, rebuilt in Genoa: 21,329 tons; 174 passengers in 1st class, 1,005 in tourist class. 1 November 1965, last voyage, New York-Naples-Piraeus. November 1965, sold to Dimitri Chandris, Piraeus (registered in the name of Themistocles Nav. S. A.). 1966, 16,435 tons. March 1966-12 October 1967, Piraeus-Messina- Palermo-Naples-Halifax-New York. 24 October 1967, sailed New York-Havre- Southampton. 16 November 1967, 1 roundtrip voyage, Rotterdam-Southampton- Cape Town-Australia-New Zealand; subsequently chartered to Sovereign Cruises for Mediterranean cruises. 22 September 1971, laid up in the River Dart. June 1972, sailed to Piraeus; laid up. 1973, Mediterranean cruises. November 1973, laid up at Piraeus. 1977, scrapped at Eleusis, Greece (1 February 1978, gutted by fire in the breakers' yard) [Arnold Kludas, Die grossen Passagierschiffe der Welt; Eine Dokumentation, Bd. 3: 1924-1935 (Oldenburg/Hamburg: Gerhard Klassing, 1973), pp. 70-71 (4 photographs); Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 4 (1979), pp. 1697-1698, and 1786-1787].- [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing Liat by Michael Palmer - 10 March 1998]

VASNA
The "Vasna" was a 5,767 gross ton ship, built in 1917 by Alex, Stephen & Sons, Glasgow for the British India Steam Navigation Co and was one of four sister ships. Her details were - length 390.1ft x beam 53.3ft x depth 24ft, one funnel, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 12.5 knots. She was designed to carry 60-cabin class passengers, with a crew of 129. She was taken over in 1917 while building and completed as a hospital ship with 613 beds and 125 medical staff. In 1919 she was released back to BISN Co and used on their Bombay - Basra route until September 1939 when she was again taken over. Converted at Mazagon Dockyard, Bombay to "Naval Hospital Ship No.4" with 278 beds and 73 medical staff, she was attached to the East Indies Squadron. Transferred to European waters in 1940, she was based at Scapa Flow, took part in the evacuation from Norway, and in December 1940 was damaged by air attack while at Liverpool. In Spring 1941 she was based at Freetown with the South Atlantic Squadron for three months and then returned to Scapa and the Home Fleet. She transferred to the Eastern Fleet, based in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) in Feb.1942 and was involved with the Madagascar landings. In June 1943 she went to the Mediterranean, then UK and back to the Mediterranean where she was seconded to Army service for the Sicily landings, based at Tripoli. Returned to the Eastern Fleet in 1944 and was at the Burma invasion and in 1945 was attached to the British Pacific Fleet. Carried Australian ex-prisoners of war from Okinawa to Sydney and in March 1946 was refitted for the BISN Co Persian Gulf service. In Feb.1951 she was sold for breaking up and was scrapped at Blyth. [Merchant Fleets, vol.11, British India S.N.Co, by Duncan Haws] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 23 June 1998]

VEENDAM
The Veendam was built by Harland and Wolff, Belfast in 1873 for White Star Line as the "Baltic". Measuring 3707 gross tons, she was 420 feet long and 40 feet in beam. An iron hulled four master, she had onefunnel and a single screw. Top speed was 14 knots. She could carry 150 passengers in first class, 60 in second and 800 in third class during her ten year Holland America career which ended when she sank at sea after hitting a derelict on Feb 6, 1898. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Mark Goldberg - 18 June 1997]

VELLISSARIOUS
See ORLANDO.

VENERE
See BELGENLAND.

VENEZIA
See FURST BISMARCK.

VENEZUELA (1)
See BRASILE (1).

VENEZUELA (2)
See CASERTA.

VENEZUELA (3)
(Of 1956) See DE GRASSE.

VENTURA
The "Ventura" was built by William Cramp, Philadelphia in 1900 for the Oceanic Steam Ship Co of San Francisco. She was a 6,253 gross ton ship, two funnels, twin screw, 17 knots and with accommodation for 240-1st class together with 2nd and 3rd class passengers. She commenced sailings between San Francisco, Honolulu, Auckland and Sydney in 1901 and continued this service until 1907 when she was laid up in San Francisco, due to the company's financial problems. In 1912 she was reconditioned, converted from coal to oil fuel and rebuilt with only one funnel. Resumed the San Francisco - Honolulu - Pago Pago - Sydney service until 1917 when she was taken over for trooping duties in the Atlantic. On 6/5/1919 she returned to the San Francisco - Honolulu - Sydney route, and in 1926, control of the company passed to Matson Line and the service became known as the Matson-Oceanic Line. She was replaced by newer and faster ships and was laid up at San Francisco in 1932. In 1934 she was broken up in Japan. [North Star to Southern Cross by John M.Maber] - [Posted to the ShipsList by Ted Finch - 4 August 1998]

VENUS
The "Venus" was built in 1893 by C.S.Swan & Hunter, Wallsend for the Bergen Line (Det Bergenske Dampskibsselskab). She was a 1,067 gross ton ship, length 230.7ft x beam 31.2ft x depth 11.8ft, one funnel, two masts, single screw and a speed of 13.5 knots. Used on the Trondheim - Bergen - Newcastle service, she was re-boilered in 1903 and laid up in 1917 because of the German blockade of UK waters. In March 1918 she made an experimental round voyage to Newcastle, evading the blockade, but was then laid up for the remainder of the war. In 1919 she returned to the Newcastle service, was renamed "Sylvia" in 1930, and in 1931 was replaced by the new "Venus" and put into reserve. She was scrapped in Norway in 1933. [A Century of North Sea Passenger Steamers by A.Greenway] - [E-mail from Ted Finch - 20 June 1998]

VERDI
See OCEANIA (2) .

VERSAILLES
See HAMMONIA (3).

VESTA
See ELISE (1).

VESTRIS
The Vestris was a Lamport & Holt liner built in 1912 by Workman Clark of Belfast. After World War I Lamport & Holt loaned Cunard the liners Vestris, Vauban and Vasari and later the Vandyck on the North Atlantic route between Liverpool and New York. They ordinarily sailed to South America. The Vestris was 10,494 gross tons. On November 12, 1928 it foundered in a severe gale off the Virginia Capes with the loss of 110 persons. A famous picture of the sinking showed a man on the listing deck seemingly holding his hands in prayer but it was later found he was a steward who had broken his arms. [Posted to the JEWISHGEN Mailing List by Paul Silverstone - 15 December 1997]

VICKSBURG
The "Vicksburg" was a Dominion Line ship, built by A.McMillan & Son, Dumbarton (engines by J&J.Thomson, Glasgow) in 1872. She was a 2,484 gross ton ship, length 326.9ft x beam 38.3ft, straight stem, one funnel, two masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 11 knots. There was accommodation for 80-cabin and 600-3rd class passengers. Launched on 28/3/1872, she sailed from Glasgow on her maiden voyage to Quebec and Montreal on 9/6/1872. On 27/7/1872 she commenced her first Liverpool - Quebec - Montreal voyage, and on 8/8/1872, stranded in the St Lawrence River but was refloated. She started her first Liverpool - New Orleans sailing on 21/2/1874 and on 13/5/1874 resumed Liverpool - Quebec - Montreal voyages. Her final voyage on this route commenced on 28/4/1875 and she was sunk in collision with an iceberg near Newfoundland with the loss of 47 lives on 1st June. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2,p.803] - [Posted to the ShipsList by Ted Finch - 20 March 1998]

VICTORIA (1)
See JOHN HERMANN.

VICTORIA (2)
See MANITOU.

VICTORIA (3)
(of 1891) See PARTHIA.

VICTORIA LUISE
See DEUTSCHLAND (3).

VICTORIAN
The "Victorian" was a 10,635 gross ton ship built in 1904 by Workman, Clark & Co, Ltd. for the Allan Line of Liverpool. Her details were - length overall 540ft x beam 60.4ft, one funnel, two masts, triple screw (first N.Atlantic liner with triple screws and first with turbine engines) and a speed of 18 knots. There was accommodation for 346-1st, 344-2nd and 1,000-3rd class passengers. Launched on 25/8/1904, she sailed from Liverpool on her maiden voyage to St John NB on 23/3/1905. On 27/4/1905 she commenced her first Liverpool - Quebec - Montreal voyage and continued UK - Canada sailings until 1914 when she was converted to an armed merchant cruiser. She served with the 9th and later the 10th Cruiser Squadrons and after the war, was refitted by Cammel Laird and returned to Canadian Pacific Ocean Services who had taken over the Allan Line. She resumed the Liverpool - Quebec - Montreal service on 23/4/1920, was refitted to carry 418-cabin, and 566-3rd class passengers in October 1920 and commenced her last Liverpool - Quebec - Montreal voyage on 2/9/1921. In October 1921 she was chartered to the British government and carried out a trooping voyage from Southampton to Bombay and on her return was re-engined to oil fuel. On 3/8/1922 she transferred to the Glasgow - Quebec - Montreal route and on 11/12/1922 was renamed "Marloch". She commenced her first Glasgow - St John NB voyage on 20/12/1922 and on 2/2/1926 transferred to the Antwerp - St John NB service. She collided with, and sank the British steamer "Whimbrel" off Flushing on 2/2/1926 and was towed to Southampton. Repaired, she returned to the Antwerp - Southampton - St John NB service on 4/3/1926 and sailed on her final Antwerp - Quebec - Montreal crossing on 17/8/1928. She was laid up at Southend until 1929 when she was sold to T.W.Ward & Co and arrived at Milford Haven on 17th April, being subsequently broken up at Pembroke Dock. Her panelling, which was inlaid with mother-of-pearl was transferred to the board room of Ward's Sheffield office, where it can still be seen. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1, p.322] [Canadian Pacific - 100 years by George Musk] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 24 January 1998]

VIKING
See ATRATO.

VIKNOR
See ATRATO.

VILLE D'ANVERS
See AROSA KULM.

VILLE DE BRUGES
See PRESIDENT HARDING.

VILLE DE LYON
Despite her name, the VILLE DE LYON was a thoroughly American vessel, a 3-masted, square-rigged ship, built by in New York by Webb & Allen, and launched in 1837. 791 tons; 147 ft x 34 ft 6 in x 25 ft 6 in (length x beam x depth of hold). She spent her entire career, from 1837 until she was wrecked near La Hogue, France, on 2 February 1845, in the Old (later Union) Line of packets between New York and Le Havre; during this period, she made 22 westward passages from Le Havre to New York, her average passage being 37 days, her shortest passage 21 days, and her longest 58 days. Her master for her entire career was Charles Stoddard, from Fairhaven, Massachusetts, who later went on to command the steamships CRESCENT CITY and LAFAYETTE. The VILLE DE LYON was something of a hoodoo ship, since she suffered four accidents in a career of less than 8 years: On the return trip of her maiden voyage in 1837, she had been struck by lightning twice and had had to put into Plymouth for repairs. Two years later, she was dismasted in mid-Atlantic and had to put into Bermuda under jury rig, with her provisions nearly exhausted by the large number of emigrants aboard. It took three months for her to refit, before proceeding to New York. In 1841, she was again struck by lightning, but by that time the Havre liners had lightning conductors, and no damage was done this time. Finally, on February 2, 1845, a day after she had sailed from Havre, and still under Captain Charles Stoddard, she went on the rocks of the French coast at La Hogue, the scene of a celebrated English naval victory. Everyone was saved but the ship was a total loss as was most of her $300,000 cargo. Source: Robert Greenhalgh Albion, Square-riggers on Schedule; The NewYork Sailing Packets to England, France, and the Cotton Ports (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1938), pp. 210-211, 284-285. - [ Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 4 March 1998]

VILLE DE NEW YORK
See LA NORMANDIE.

VILLE DU HAVRE
See NAPOLEON III .

VINCENZO FLORIO
The "Vincenzo Florio" was built in 1880 by A. Stephens & Sons, Glasgow for I & V Florio of Palermo. She was a 2840 gross ton vessel, length 352.1ft x beam 38.1ft, clipper stem, one funnel, three masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 12 knots. There was accommodation for 20-1st, 24-2nd and 500-3rd class passengers. Launched on 29.3.1880, she sailed on her maiden voyage from Catania to Messina, Palermo and New York on 22.5.1880. She made six round voyages, commencing her last trip from Palermo to New York on 24.5.1881. In 1881, Florio and Rubattino of Genoa amalgamated to form the Navigazione Generale Italiana and the "Vincenzo Florio" made her first voyage for the new company, from Palermo to Malaga and New York on 18.9.1881. On 5.12.1884 she left Naples on her last voyage for Palermo & NY. In 1885 she carried out transport duties to Eritrea and was then transferred to the South America service. On 21.5.1900 she returned to the Genoa - Naples - New York service and after making 29 round voyages, left Genoa on her last trip on 4.3.1906. In 1910 she was sold to Soc. Nazionale di Servizi Marittimi, and in 1913 resold to Sitmar Line. She was scrapped in 1923. There is a picture of this ship in North Atlantic Seaway by NRP Bonsor, vol.3 p.990. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 15 September 1997]

VINUELAS
See MINNESOTA (1).

VIRGINIA (1)
There was an SS VIRGINIA in 1873. It belonged to the British "State Line" and sailed between Glasgow, Larne (Ireland) and New York. (Birmingham is inland and isn't a port). You may recognise it from the postcard from this description - straight stem, one funnel painted buff with a red band and a narrow black top.It had three masts and only sailed under this name between June 6th 1873 and December 1873 when it was renamed "State of Virginia" - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 9 March 1998]

She was built in 1873 by the London & Glasgow Co, Glasgow as the "Virginia" for the British "State Line". This was a 2,473 gross ton ship, length 331.2ft x beam 36.4ft, straight stem, one funnel, three masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 12 knots. There was passenger accommodation for 70-1st, 40-intermediate and 400-3rd class. Launched on 29/3/1873, she sailed from Glasgow on her maiden voyage to Larne and New York on 6/6/1873. In December 1873 she was renamed "State of Virginia" and resumed the same service on 3/1/1874. She commenced her last voyage on 20/6/1879 when she left Glasgow, and was wrecked on Sable Island with the loss of 9 lives on 15/7/1879. [North Atlantic Seaway, vol.2,p.866] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 16 March 1998]

VIRGINIA (2)
(of 1891) See ALGERIA.

VIRGINIA (3)
The "Virginia" was built in 1906 by Societa Esercizio Basini, Riva Trigoso (engines by G.Ansaldo, Armstrong & Co, Sampierdarena) for Lloyd Italiano of Genoa. She was a 5,181 gross ton ship, length 381.4ft x beam 48.1ft, two funnels, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 14 knots. Accommodation was provided for 25-1st and 1,600-3rd class passengers. Launched on 19/9/1906, she sailed from Genoa on her maiden voyage to Naples and New York on 8/10/1906. She continued on this service until 1/3/1911 when she started her last crossing. In 1911 she went to Ligure Brasiliana, Genoa and was renamed "Garibaldi". Between 1911 and 1944 she was owned by several Italian companies and on 2/8/1944 was sunk during an air attack on Genoa. She was refloated in 1946 and scrapped. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.3, p.1345] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 18 Feb 1998]

VIRGINIAN
The "Virginian" was built by A.Stephen & Sons, Glasgow in 1904 for the Allan Line. This was a 10,757 gross ton ship, length overall 538ft x beam 60.3ft, one funnel, two masts, three screws and a speed of 18 knots. There was accommodation for 426-1st, 286-2nd and 1,000-3rd class passengers. Launched on 22/12/1904, she sailed from Liverpool on her maiden voyage to St John NB on 6/4/1905. She commenced her first Liverpool - Quebec - Montreal voyage on 11/5/1905 and her last on this route on 13/5/1914. On 3/6/1914 she was chartered to Canadian Pacific and commenced running between Liverpool, Quebec and Montreal to replace the ill fated "Empress of Ireland". She sailed from Liverpool to Quebec and Montreal on 4/9/1914 and was used as a troop transport for the Canadian Expeditionary Force on the return voyage. In Oct.1914 she resumed her normal run for one voyage and was then requisitioned as an Armed Merchant Cruiser. In 1917 she returned to Canadian Pacific and sailed from Liverpool to Quebec and Montreal on 16/9/1918. Her last voyage on this route commenced on 6/11/1918 and she was then reconditioned at Glasgow and on 22/2/1920 sailed to Gothenburg where she became the 11,182 ton, Swedish American Line "Drottningholm". She commenced sailing between Gothenburg and New York on 29/5/1920 and in 1922 was fitted with new turbines. In 1925 her accommodation was altered to accommodate 532-cabin and 854-3rd class passengers and in 1930 altered again to carry cabin, tourist and 3rd class. She commenced her last voyage on 7/3/1940 from Gothenburg to New York (arr 16/3, dep 26/3) and Gothenburg and between 1940 - 1946 made many voyages as a mercy ship. On 26/8/1945 she commenced her first voyage from New York to Gothenburg and was then reconditioned and resumed her normal Gothenburg - New York service on 27/3/1946. Her last voyage on this route commenced in Feb.1948 and she was then sold to Home Lines of Panama and renamed "Brasil" On 8/4/1948 she commenced sailing between Genoa and South America and on 1/5/1950 started sailings between Genoa, Naples, Halifax and New York. She started a single New York - Bremen voyage on 28/9/1950 and on 12/5/1951 commenced her last voyage between Piraeus - Malta - Palermo - Naples - Genoa - Cannes - Halifax - New York. In 1951 she was renamed "Homeland", rebuilt to 10,043 tons, accommodation for 96-1st and 846-tourist passengers. On 1/6/1951 she commenced her first voyage from New York to Hamburg, on 16/6/1951 commenced Hamburg - Southampton - Cherbourg - Halifax - New York service and on 1/3/1952 started her last sailing on this route. On 14/3/1952 she commenced a New York - Mediterranean service and on 29/3/1952 commenced sailing between Naples - Genoa - Halifax - New York. She commenced her final voyage on 21/10/1954 when she left Genoa for Naples, Halifax, New York, Naples and Genoa, and in Feb.1955 she was scrapped at Trieste. [North Atlantic Seaway, by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1, p.322] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 25 November 1997]

VIRGINIAN
In 1905 the Virginian of the Allan Line became the first turbine liner. Emigrants in 3rd class were served meals at a table, food was good but they were kept wholly distinct from other classes of passengers. - [E-Mail from Marj Kohli - 10 Mar 1998]

VITTORIA
See MAASDAM (2) .

VOLANT
See KENILWORTH.

VULCANIA
The "Vulcania" was built by Cantiere Navale Triestino, Monfalcone, Italy in 1926 for the Italian company, Cosulich Line. She was a 23,970 gross ton ship, length overall 631.4ft x beam 79.8ft, one funnel, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 19 knots. There was accommodation for 310-1st, 460-2nd, 310-intermediate class and 700-3rd class passengers. Launched on 18/12/1926, she sailed from Trieste on her maiden voyage to Patras, Naples and New York on 19/12/1928. In 1930 her accommodation was altered to 1st, 2nd, tourist and 3rd class, and in 1934 to 1st, tourist and 3rd class only. In 1930 she was fitted with new diesel engines which gave her a speed of 21 knots and was rebuilt to a tonnage of 24,469 tons. In Dec.1936 she commenced her last Trieste - New York voyage for Cosulich Line and in 1937 went to the newly formed Italia Line. In March 1937 she commenced running from Trieste to New York and in March 1940 commenced her last sailing Trieste - Naples - New York - Trieste. She was requisitioned by the Italian government in 1941 to carry troops to North Africa and in 1942-3 was used on three special missions to repatriate women and children, Genoa - East Africa via S.Africa. In Oct.1943 she became a US Troopship and on 29/3/1946 was chartered to American Export Line to run between New York - Naples - Alexandria. She commenced her last voyage on this service on 4/10/1946 after 6 round voyages and was returned to Italia Line on 15/11/1946. She then sailed New York - Naples - Genoa where she was reconditioned to carry 240-1st, 270-cabin and 860-tourist class passengers. In July 1947 she made a single voyage from Genoa to S.America and then, on 4/9/1947 resumed the Genoa - Naples - New York service. On 21/9/1955 she commenced her last voyage on this run and on 28/10/1955 was transferred to run between Trieste, Venice, Patras, Naples, Palermo, Gibralter, Lisbon, Halifax and New York. On 5/4/1965 she commenced her last voyage on this service and was sold to the Siosa Line who renamed her "Caribia". On 18/9/1973 she arrived at Barcelona under tow to be scrapped and departed under tow for Kaohsiung for scrapping on 15/3/1974. [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 31 October 1997]

WAESLAND
The "Waesland" was a 4,752 gross ton ship, built by J&G.Thomson, Glasgow in 1867. Her details were - length 435.1ft x beam 41.9ft, clipper stem, one funnel, four masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 14 knots. There was accommodation for 120-1st and 1,500-3rd class passengers. Launched on 20/3/1867 as the "Russia" for the Cunard Line, she was purchased by the Red Star Line of Antwerp in 1880, lengthened from 358ft to 435.1ft, fitted with compound engines by the builders, and renamed "Waesland". On 6/12/1880 she commenced her first voyage for these owners, when she sailed from Antwerp for New York. In 1889 she was fitted with triple-expansion engines by the builders and on 17/8/1895 started her last Antwerp - New York voyage. On 11/9/1895 she started Philadelphia - Liverpool crossings under charter to the American Line, with accommodation for 120-2nd and 1,500-3rd class passengers. She was sunk in collision with the British ship "Harmonides" off Anglesey on 5th March 1902; with the loss of 2 lives. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2, p.852] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch 25 March 1998]

WALDENSIAN
The "Waldensian" did belong to the Allan Line. She was built in 1861 as the "St Andrew" and lengthened in 1873 and renamed "Waldensian". According to Bonsor's North Atlantic Seaway, she sailed to Quebec and Montreal as the "St Andrew" and to Portland 1874-1880, Halifax and Boston until re engined in 1888. Made last N.Atlantic voyage Glasgow-Halifax-Philadelphia 16th April 1891 and then on the S.America run until scrapped in 1903.[Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - August 1 1997]

WAKEFIELD
See MANHATTAN (3)

WARRIOR
The bark WARRIOR, 221 tons, was built in Granville, Nova Scotia, in 1844, and first registered in St. John, New Brunswick (official number: 9032459), whence she was transferred to the registry of Drogheda, Ireland, in 1845. She appears in the annual volumes of Lloyd's Register for 1845/46 through 1852/53: Master: J. Tarnen (1845-46) = J[ames] Tiernan (1846-1852). Owner: Boylan & Co (1845-1849) = W. Boylan (1850-1852). Port of Registry: Drogheda (1845-1851). Port of Survey: 1845-1846 - Workington; 1846-1847 - Bristol;1848-1849 - Clydeside; 1850-1851 - Bristol. Intended Voyage: 1845 - not given; 1846-1849 - Drogheda; 1850-1852 - not given. She is last listed in Lloyd's Register for 1852/53, without port of registry, port of survey, intended voyage, or classification. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 1 December 1997]

W. A. SCHOLTEN
The steamship W. A. SCHOLTEN was built by Robert Napier & Sons, Glasgow, for Nederlandsche-Amerikaansche Stoomvaart Maatschappij (Holland America Line) and launched on 16 February 1874. 2,529 tons; 106,98 x 11,64 meters/351 x 38.2 feet (length x breadth); clipper bow, 1 funnel, 3 masts; iron construction, screw propulsion, service speed 10 knots; accommodation for 50 1st-class passengers, and 600 in steerage. 16 May 1874, maiden voyage, Rotterdam-Plymouth-New York. 18 November 1887, sailed from Rotterdam; 19 November 1887, sunk in collision with the British steamship ROSA MARY in the English Channel, with the loss of 132 lives [Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 3 (1979), p. 909 (pictured on p. 886). [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 8 January 1998]

WASHINGTON (1)
The bark WASHINGTON was built in Sunderland, England, by William Naizby for the Hamburg shipping firm of Robert Miles Sloman, letter of purchase 1 April 1852. 178 Commerzlasten (approximately 470 tons); 124' 8" x 26' 6" x 19' 8" (length x beam x depth of hold). Sold 15 July 1872 to Otto Oscar Holm in Stralsund, who registered her in Stralsund on 30 December 1872 [Walter Kresse, ed., Seeschiffs-Verzeichnis der Hamburger Reedereien, 1824-1888, Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Hamburgische Geschichte, N. F., Bd. 5. (Hamburg: Museum fur Hamburgische Geschichte, 1969), vol. 1, p. 242; vol. 2, pp. 209-210]. It may be possible to trace the later history of the WASHINGTON through either the Register Veritas or Germanischer Lloyd, respectively the Continental and German equivalents to Lloyd's Register. It may also be possible to trace the later history of the WASHINGTON through the Stralsund ship registration records, if these survive. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 14 September 1997]

WASHINGTON (2)
(of 1873) See CIUDAD CONDAL.

WASHINGTON (3)
The "Washington" was a 2,833 gross ton ship built in 1880 by A.Stephen & Sons, Glasgow for Florio & Co of Palermo. Her details were length 352.1ft x beam 38.1ft, clipper stem, one funnel, three masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 12 knots. There was accommodation for 20-1st, 24-2nd and 500-3rd class passengers. Launched on 26/5/1880, she sailed on her maiden voyage from Palermo for New York on 19/8/1880. She started her last voyage on this service on 14/8/1881(6 round voyages) and then the Navigazione Generale Italiana was formed by the amalgamation of Florio and Rubattino of Genoa. The "Washington" commenced saiiling for this new company on 13/10/1881 when she sailed from Palermo for Messina and New York. She commenced her last voyage from Naples to New York on 27/5/1884 and was then transferred to the South America service. In 1885 she was used for transport services to Eritrea and in 1896 was rebuilt with triple expansion engines and her masts reduced to two. On 29/4/1901 she commenced sailings between Genoa, Naples and New York and on 20/7/1903 sailed from Genoa for New York on the last of 21 round voyages for NGI on the North Atlantic. On 28/3/1905 she was chartered to La Veloce of Genoa and commenced the first of two Genoa - New York sailings. In 1910 she went to Soc.Nazionale di Servizi Marittimi and in 1913 went to Sitmar Line. She was torpedoed and sunk on 23/5/1916 by the German submarine U.39, off Piombino, Italy. [ North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.3,p.1111] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 16 December 1997]

WASHINGTON (4)
This ship was built by Harland & Wolff, Belfast in 1890, as the second "Michigan" for the Atlantic Transport Line. She was a 3,722 gross ton ship, length 370.8ft x beam 44.2ft, straight stem, one funnel, four masts, steel construction, single screw and a speed of 11 knots. She was built primarily as a cargo ship with limited passenger accommodation. Launched on 19/4/1890, she commenced her first London - New York voyage on 15/11/1891. She made seven round voyages on this service, the last commencing 8/4/1893 and subsequently sailed between London and Baltimore. In 1896 she went to the British owned National Line and started her first London - New York voyage for these owners on 22/3/1896. She commenced her last sailing on this route on 27/6/1898 and was then bought by the US government for use as a Spanish-American war transport, rebuilt with two masts and renamed "Kilpatrick". In 1920 she was sold to the American Black Sea Line, renamed "Acropolis", rebuilt to 5,083 tons, two funnels and fitted out with accommodation for 250-cabin and 600-3rd class passengers. She commenced her first voyage between New York, Piraeus and Constantinople on 14/4/1921 and her eighth and last on 7/9/1922 when she sailed from New York for Piraeus, Constantinople, Patras and New York (arr.7/9/1922). In 1923 she was sold to the American owned Booras Steamship Co who renamed her "Washington". She commenced the first of two voyages on 1/5/1923 when she left New York for Piraeus and Constantinople, and the last on 7/7/1923 when she sailed from New York for Piraeus, Constantinople (dep.6/8/1923) and New York (arr.30/8/1923). Later the same year she was sold to T.C.Phelps, New York who renamed her "Great Canton" and scrapped her the following year in Italy. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.3, p.1087, vol.4, p.1563] - There is apparently very little knowledge of the Booras SS Co, as they only owned the one passenger vessel for a short time. It is believed that the actual owner was an American citizen of Greek origin named Antoniades. - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 7 April 1998]

WASHINGTON (5)
See PRINZ FRIEDRICH WILHELM.

WEIMAR
The "Weimar" was a 4,996 gross ton ship, built for North German Lloyd of Bremen by Fairfield Co Ltd, Glasgow in 1891. Her details were - length 415ft x beam 48ft, one funnel, two masts, steel construction, single screw and a speed of 13 knots. There was accommodation for 49-1st, 38-2nd and 1,907-3rd class passengers. Launched on 9/2/1891, she started her maiden Bremen - Baltimore voyage on 21/5/1891. On 17/12/1891 she commenced her first Bremen - New York - Baltimore sailing and on 2/6/1897 started her first Bremen - Suez - Australia voyage. On 7/2/1900 she commenced the first of two round voyages between Bremen, Suez and the Far East and on 25/2/1903 started Naples - New York sailings. On 23/9/1905 she started on the Bremen - South America service. Her last Naples - New York voyage started 11/5/1906 (8 round voyages), last Bremen - Australia on 13/6/1906 (9 round voyages), and last Bremen - Baltimore on 11/5/1907 (57 round voyages on the North Atlantic). In 1908 she was sold to the Italian owned Lloyd del Pacifico and was renamed "Santiago", and in 1909 she went to Chilean owners and was renamed "Armonia". In 1917 she became Canadian owned and was torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine near Porquerolles Island in the Mediterranean on 15/3/1918. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.2, p.555-6] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 14 May 1998]

The steamship WEIMAR was built for Norddeutscher Lloyd by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co Ltd, Glasgow (ship #355), and launched on 9 February 1891. 4,996 tons; 131,4 x 14,63 meters (length x breadth); straight bow, 1 funnel, 2 masts; steel construction, screw propulsion, triple-expansion engines, service speed 13 knots; accommodation for 49 passengers in 1st class, 38 in 2nd class, and 1,900 in steerage; crew of 105. 21 May 1891, maiden voyage, Bremen-Baltimore. 17 December 1891, first voyage, Bremen-New York-Baltimore. Between 2 June 1897 and 13 June 1906, 9 roundtrip voyages, Bremen-Suez Canal-Australia. 7 February 1900, first voyage, Bremen-Suez Canal-Far East (2 roundtrip voyages). Between 25 February 1903 and 11 May 1906, 8 roundtrip voyages, Naples-New York. 24 January 1904, sailed with a cargo of relief supplies for the city of Aalesund, which had been largely destroyed by fire. 11 May 1907, last voyage, Bremen-Baltimore. 1908, with the GERA, sold to Lloyd del Pacifico (Italian), and renamed SANTIAGO (registered at Savona), for service on the West Coast of South America. 1909, sold to J. J. MacAuliffe, Valparaiso, and renamed ARMONIA. 1915, sold to R. L. Smith, Montreal. 1917, sold to Canada Steamship Lines Ltd, Montreal. 15 March 1918, bound from Genoa to New York in ballast, torpedoed, shelled and sunk by German UB-67 38 miles southeast of Porquerolles Island, 15 miles southeast of Toulon, in lat 42.33 N, lon 06.46 E [Edwin Drechsel, Norddeutscher Lloyd Bremen, 1857-1970; History, Fleet, Ship Mails, vol. 1 (Vancouver: Cordillera Pub. Co., c1994), pp. 145-146 (photograph); Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 2 (1978), pp. 555-556]. Also pictured in Michael J. Anuta, Ships of Our Ancestors (Menominee, MI: Ships of Our Ancestors, 1983), p. 344, courtesy of the Peabody Essex Museum, East India Square, Salem, MA 01970. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 6 July 1998]

WELLESLEY
The annual volumes of Lloyd's Register of Shipping for the years 1844/45-1881/82 indicate that the WELLESLEY was a three-masted, square-rigged ship, built at London (Blackwall) by (Richard & Henry) Green, in 1844. Official number 308; signal code H.C.J.N. 1014/1102 tons (old/new measurement); 162 x 36.5 x 23.1 feet (length x beam x depth of hold). She was owned first by R. Green (presumably of the firm of Richard & Henry Green, her builders) (184/45-1869/70), then by Little & Co (1869/70-1872/73), then by Vallee Gooloo, of Calcutta (1876/77-1881/82). Master: 1844/45-1847/48 - W. Toller; 1848/49 - Arrow; 1849/50-1850/51 - not given; 1851/52-1858/59 - Parish; 1859/60-1862/63 - Smith; 1862/63-1866/67 - J. Smith; 1866/67-1869/70 - Wigney;1870/71-1881/82 - Stadden. Port of Registry: 1844/45-1872/73 - London (crossed out in 1872/73); 1873/74-1874/75 - not given; 1875/76-1881/82 - Calcutta. Port of Survey: 1844/45-1881/82 - London. Destined Voyage (omitted from the Register after 1873/74): 1844/45-1850/51 - Calcutta; 1851/52 - Madras; 1852/53 - not given; 1853/54 - Madras; 1854/55-1848/59 - Calcutta; 1859/60- not given; 1860/61-1863/64 - Australia (crossed out in 1863/64); 1864/65-1865/66 - not given; 1866/67-1869/70 - Australia; 1869/70-1871/72 - India; 1871/72-1873/74 - West Indies. I do not know the later history of ultimate fate of the WELLESLEY. For additional information on the WELLESLEY, check Basil Lubbock, Blackwall Frigates (Glasgow: James Brown, 1922), and E. Keble Chatterton, The Old East Indiamen (London: Rich & Cowan, 1933), and contact the Australian National Maritime Museum in Sydney, which has an excellent collection of sources for the history of sailing vessels to Australia, and whose Pathfinder No. 2: Immigration Sailing Ships, is a particularly useful research guide. For surviving accounts of voyages to Australia on board the WELLESLEY, check Ian Hawkins Nicholson, Log of logs : a catalogue of logs, journals, shipboard diaries, letters, and all forms of voyage narratives, 1788 to 1988, for Australia and New Zealand and surrounding oceans, Roebuck Society Publication Nos. 41, 47 (2 vols; Yaroomba, Qld: The Author jointly with the Australian Association for Maritime History, [1990]-1993).

WELLINGTON
The WELLINGTON was a 3-masted, square-rigged sailing ship, built by Christian Bergh & Co, New York, and launched in 1837. 726 tons; 144 feet 3 inches x 33 feet 4 inches x 20 feet 6 inches (length x beam x depth of hold). She was employed in the Red Swallowtail Line of packets between New York and London from 1837 to 1850, during which time her westbound voyages averaged 34 days, her shortest being 19 days (one of the shortest westbound passages between London and New York by a sailing vessel in the 19th century), her longest being 60 days. In 1850 she was shifted to the coastal packet service between New York and New Orleans, where she served until 1859, during which time her passage from New York to New Orleans averaged 18.7 days, her shortest passage being 14 days, her longest 25 days. I do not know her later history or her ultimate fate [Robert Greenhalgh Albion, Square-riggers on Schedule; The New York Sailing Packets to England, France, and the Cotton Ports (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1938), pp. 282-283 and 294-295]. {Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 28 November 1997]

WERKENDAM
See BRITISH KING.

WERRA
The "Werra" was a 4817 gross ton vessel, built in 1882 by John Elder & Co, Glasgow for Norddeutscher Lloyd [North German Lloyd]. Her details were - length433.1ft x beam 45.9ft, two funnels, four masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 16 knots. There was accommodation for 125-1st, 130-2nd and 1,000-3rd class passengers. Launched on 4/7/1882, she sailed from Bremen on her maiden voyage to Southampton and New York on 12/10/1882. On 9/11/1891 she commenced her last voyage on this service and on 4/1/1892 was transferred to the Genoa - New York run. Started her last voyage on this service on 10/11/1898 and was then chartered to the Spanish company, Cie Trasatlantica who used her to repatriate Spanish troops. On 24/9/1899 she started the Bremen - Southampton - New York - Naples - Genoa service until commencing her last voyage on 28/8/1901, and in September of that year, she was scrapped at Genoa. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 6 October 1997]

WESER (1)
See PETER GODDEFROY.

WESER (2)
The SS"Weser" was built in 1867 by Caird and Co.of Greenock, Scotland for Norddeutscher Lloyd (North German Lloyd). She was an iron built ship of 2870 gross tons, length 325ft x beam 40ft, clipper stem, one funnel, two masts, single screw and a speed of 11 knots. There was accommodation for 60-1st, 120-2nd, and 700-3rd class passengers. She was launched on 19/3/1867 and left Bremen on her maiden voyage to Southampton and New York on 1/6/1867. In 1881 she was fitted with compound engines by her builders and on 13/6/1895 she sailed on her last trip to New York and Baltimore and was then transferred to the Bremen - S.America service for two round voyages. She was scrapped in 1896.[North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2, p.544-5] Upper deck referred mainly to 1st class passengers. Steerage or 3rd class lived in the bowels of the ship where conditions were fairly primitive. A good description of passenger conditions is given in a book called Port Out, Starboard Home by Anna Sproule ISBN 0 7137 852255 X. It deals with P&O vessels but is typical of the time. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 17 August 1997]

Weser-1867-North German Lloyd. Built by Caird & Company, Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage: 2,871. Dimensions: 351 feet by 40 feet. Single screw, 11 1/2 knots. Inverted engines. Two masts and one funnel. Iron hull. Launched, March 19, 1867. Maiden voyage: Bremen (Germany)- Southampton (United Kingdom)- New York (United States). Re-engined with compounds in 1881. Speed increased to 13 1/2 knots. Scrapped in 1896. Running mates: America, Deutschland, Hansa, Hermann and Union. (From Passenger Ships of the World Past & Present, by Eugene W. Smith) - [Posted to The ShipsList by Aaron Hill - 8 June 1998]

The steamship WESER was built for Norddeutscher Lloyd (the second of four vessels of this name owned by the company) by Caird & Co, Greenock (vessel #137), and launched on 19 March 1867. 2,870 tons; 99,05 x 12,19 meters/325 x 40 feet (length x breadth); clipper bow, 1 funnel, 2 masts; iron construction, screw propulsion (tandem low-pressure single-expansion engine, 800-1,500 horsepower), service speed 11 knots; accommodation for 60 passengers in 1st class, 120 in 2nd class, and 700 in steerage; crew of 74 to 105. 1 June 1867, maiden voyage, Bremen-Southampton-New York. 1881, compound engines by Caird & Co; 1,300 horsepower, with reduced coal consumption. 13 June 1895, last voyage, Bremen-New York-Baltimore. 3 August 1895, first of two voyages, Bremen-South America. June 1896, sold to Italy for scrapping; delivery voyage as SERAVALLE (Italian flag); August 1896, scrapped at Genoa [Edwin Drechsel, Norddeutscher Lloyd Bremen, 1857-1970; History, Fleet, Ship Mails, vol. 1 (Vancouver: Cordillera Pub. Co., c1994), p. 39, no. 17 (photograph); Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 2 (1978), p. 545]. Photograph in Clas Broder Hansen, Passenger liners from Germany, 1816-1990, translated from the German by Edward Force (West Chester, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Pub., c1991), p. 31. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 10 June 1998]

WESER (3)
See VANCOUVER ISLAND.

WESER (4)
The "Weser" was a 2,266 gross ton ship, built by Palmer Bros & Co, Jarrow-on-Tyne for North German Lloyd in 1858. Her details were - length 307ft x beam 40.8ft, clipper stem, two funnels, three masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. There was accommodation for 70-1st, 100-2nd and 450-3rd class passengers. Launched on 21/10/1858, she sailed from Bremen on her maiden voyage to New York on 4/12/1858, but had to put back to Cork for repairs after being damaged by heavy seas. She sailed from Cork on 6th March 1859 and arrived in New York on 18th March. She started her third and last Bremen - Southampton - New York voyage on 1st July 1859, and became a French Naval Transport later the same year. On 16/1/1861 she was wrecked 60 miles from Poulo Condor, Cochin China. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.2, p.544] - [Posted to the ShipsList by Ted Finch - 26 July 1998}

WESER (5)
The steamship WESER was built for Norddeutscher Lloyd (the second of four vessels of this name owned by the company) by Caird & Co, Greenock (vessel #137), and launched on 19 March 1867. 2,870 tons; 99,05 x 12,19 meters/325 x 40 feet (length x breadth); clipper bow, 1 funnel, 2 masts; iron construction, screw propulsion (tandem low-pressure single-expansion engine, 800-1,500 horsepower), service speed 11 knots; accommodation for 60 passengers in 1st class, 120 in 2nd class, and 700 in steerage; crew of 74 to 105. 1 June 1867, maiden voyage, Bremen-Southampton-New York. 1881, compound engines by Caird & Co; 1,300 horsepower, with reduced coal consumption. 13 June 1895, last voyage, Bremen-New York-Baltimore. 3 August 1895, first of two voyages, Bremen-South America. June 1896, sold to Italy for scrapping; delivery voyage as SERAVALLE (Italian flag); August 1896, scrapped at Genoa [Edwin Drechsel, Norddeutscher Lloyd Bremen, 1857-1970; History, Fleet, Ship Mails, vol. 1 (Vancouver: Cordillera Pub. Co., c1994), p. 39, no. 17 (photograph); Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 2 (1978), p. 545]. Photograph in Clas Broder Hansen, Passenger liners from Germany, 1816-1990, translated from the German by Edward Force (West Chester, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Pub., c1991), p. 31. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 3 August 1998]

WESTERN BRIDE
The ship WESTERN BRIDE was built under Special Survey by Lloyd's Register of Shipping, in Kingston, New Brunswick, in 1854, by William P. Flewelling. 1066/1121 tons; 176.4 x 31.7 x 22 feet (length x beam x depth of hold); owned by Fernie Brothers, and registered at Liverpool [Frederick William Wallace, comp., Record of Canadian shipping : a list of square-rigged vessels, mainly 500 tons and over, built in the eastern provinces of British North America from the year 1786 to 1920 (Toronto: Musson Book Co., c1929).; National Archives of Canada, RG 42 Volume 1349, ** Original References Vol.# 138 Reel # C-386 Page # 12, and ** Original References Reel # A-439 Survey # 51; Lloyd's Register of Shipping, 1856-1857]. The WESTERN BRIDE had a very short career. On 21 June 1855, A. [or J.] Sinclair, master, she sailed from Liverpool for Melbourne, where she arrived on 26 September 1855, with 8 passengers, 377 assisted immigrants, and salt; on 3 November 1855, she cleared for Callao, in ballast [Marten A. Syme, Shipping arrivals and departures : Victorian ports, vol. 2: 1846-1855, Roebuck Society Publication No. 39 (Melbourne: [Roebuck Society], 1987), p. 332]. On 5 February 1856, she sailed from the Chincha Islands, with a cargo of guano, bound for Queenstown; on 8 March 1856, she struck a sunken rock about two miles from Baranca Point, in the Straits of Magellan, and sank. The following is an account of the sinking, taken from the Times, 4 September 1856, p. 5f: "DREADFUL SHIPWRECK. - The following particulars of the loss of the ship Western Bride are from the pen of Mr. Arthur Newson, a passenger: "The Western Bride left the Chincha Islands, coast of Peru, laden with guano, on the 5th of February, 1856, bound for Queenstown, Ireland. On the 26th we had strong winds with heavy seas from the south-west, in latitude 40 degrees south, longitude 78 degrees west. The ship then became very leaky, so that the pumps were obliged to be worked every hour; and when under double-reefed topsails the crew were kept constantly at the pumps. On the 27th the foreyard was carried away; strong gales still prevailing with very high seas and ship very leaky, it was thought advisable to bear up for the Straits of Magellan as the nearest place of refuge, which we entered on the 2d of March with a fresh gale from the west-north-west; weather thick and rainy, with sleet at times. At sundown attempted to anchor, but found no bottom, both anchors dragging with 75 fathoms of chain, blowing a hurricane, and a strong current carrying us down to the narrowest part of the Straits, as we thought to destruction. We were obliged to let go one anchor and chain, the vessel having twice touched the rocks during the night. Daylight at last came to our relief, and we proceeded onward to Port Famine, where we remained two days repairing in the harbour. We continued our voyage until the 8th at 2 p.m., when the ship struck on a sunken rock about two miles from Barranca Point, the wind then blowing very hard and sea high. The ship continued to strike very heavily until 4 30 p.m., when the force of the wind and the sea had driven her over the bank, and she floated again. On sounding the pumps we found 7 feet water in the well. The pumps were immediately manned, but the water gained so fast there was not even time to run the ship ashore, in which case part of the vessel might have been saved and our baggage also, there being barely time to launch two boats, in which we saved our lives with great difficulty. At 7 p.m. the ship sunk in 24 fathoms as soon as we were clear of her. At 9 p.m. dark, wet, cold, thirsty and hungry, we reached Baxa Point, on the Fuegian side of the Straits, having only a few soaked biscuits, no water, and the weather bitterly cold. We feared to light a fire lest we should attract the attention of the natives, who are well known by South Sea voyagers as cannibals of the worst description. In this wretched locality we remained five days, when seeing nothing but starvation before us, the sea having abated, we took to our boats, and rowed across the Straits, and after several days suffering the greatest agony from protracted hunger and the most excruciating thirst we reached a small Chilian settlement in Patagonia. The governor, a Dane, received us very kindly and did everything in his power with his limited means to make us comfortable, and his attention to our wants will ever be remembered with gratitude. On the 15th of May the United States' war brig Bainbridge, cruising in the Straits in search of the crew of the lost ship Manchester, having seen part of the wreck, and understood from the Patagonian Indians we were at the settlement, arrived and agreed to take us up to Montevideo, River Plate, having learnt that the crew of the Manchester had all perished but two. Our best thanks are due to the Chilian Government for their assistance to British subjects, and especially to the governor for his kindness, and also to the United States' Government for the assistance rendered by their vessel to us and to the officers of the brig for their kindness." Mr. Newsom has just arrived in Norwich." [E-mail from Michael Palmer - 26 August 1998]

WESTERNLAND (1)
The "Westernland" of 1888 was built by Laird Bros. at Birkenhead in 1883 and was actually built in a drydock as opposed to a slipway and was floated out on completion on 4/8/1883. She had a straight stem, two funnels, four masts, single screw and a speed of 14 knots. She was 5736 gross tons, length 440ft x beam 47.2ft and had accommodation for 80-1st, 60-2nd, and 1,200-3rd class passengers. She sailed under the Belgian flag on her maiden voyage from Antwerp to New York on 3/11/1883 and stayed on this service 1901 when she was transferred to the American Line and altered to carry 170-2nd and 1,200-3rd class passengers. She sailed on her first trip under the US flag from Liverpool to Philadelphia in May 1901. In 1906 she resumed service for Red Star Line's Antwerp - NY service for three round voyages and then went back to the American Line and made her last trip for them from Liverpool - Philadelphia in September 1908. She was scrapped in 1912.[Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 16 August 1997]

WESTERNLAND (2)
See REGINA (3) .

WESTERN METROPOLIS
The "Western Metropolis" was a wooden hulled ship, built in 1864 by F.D.Tucker, New York (engines by Morgan Iron Works, New York). She was a 2,269 gross ton ship, length 285.3ft x beam 40.7ft, clipper stem, one funnel, two masts, side paddle wheel propulsion and a speed of 12 knots. Launched in 1864, she was used as an American Civil War transport between 1864-65. In 1866 she was purchased by North American Lloyd and commenced a voyage from New York to Southampton and Bremen on 28th Jun.1866. However, on 6th Jul.1866 she put in to Boston with damage to her paddle wheel floats, and sailed again on 10th July. Further trouble was encountered and she put back to New York on 19th July for further repairs, and was then laid up. Bought by the New York & Bremen Steamship Co the following year, she sailed from New York for Southampton and Bremen on 7th Mar.1867 and commenced her last voyage on this service when she left New York on 24th Aug.1867. She arrived at Cowes, Isle of Wight on 8th Sept. with a broken propellor shaft and was delayed for repairs. On 20th Oct.1867 she left Bremen for Southampton and New York, having made four round voyages, and was sold in 1869. Her engines were removed in 1878. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.2, p.713] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 28 August 1998]

The WESTERN METROPOLIS was a wooden side-paddle steamship built by F. Z. Tucker, Brooklyn, and launched in 1863, for George Griswold, A. Benner, William Wall, and others; contemporary reports list her as belonging to the firm of Benner & Brown. 2,269 tons as built (remeasured in 1865 at 2,092 tons); 285 ft 4 in x 40 ft 8 in x 23 ft (length x breadth x depth of hold); draft 16 ft; straight stem, 1 funnel, 2 masts. Her engine (75 inch bore; 12 foot stroke) had been built in 1848 by Merrick & Towne, Philadelphia, and had served two Great Lakes steamers, the EMPIRE STATE, built in 1848, and the WESTERN METROPOLIS, built in 1856--it is from this vessel that she took her name--new boilers, wheels, and general reconditioning by Morgan Iron Works. Described by a contemporary, Capt. George H. Norton, as a "very slow, clumsy, unwieldy, hard steering steamer". Chartered by the Quartermaster Corps immediately upon completion for $850 per day, and kept in continuous use from December 1863 until late January 1865. First voyage, New York-New Orleans; on the return voyage, seized the steamer ROSITA, with a cargo of munitions and liquor, and towed her prize into Key West on 29 January 1864. Spent most of 1864 ferrying troops and supplies between New York and Hampton Roads, in support of the Union Army's activities in Virginia; northbound, carried hundreds of sick and wounded. December 1864, loaded troops for the attack on Fort Fisher. 20 February 1865, single roundtrip (and first commercial) voyage, New York-Greytown, chartered to M. O. Roberts. April 1865, single roundtrip voyage, New York-New Orleans, chartered to H. B. Cromwell & Co. May-July 1865, New York-New Orleans, chartered by Quartermaster Corps. August 1865, single roundtrip voyage, New York-New Orleans, chartered to W. H. Robson & Co; returned with a record cargo of 3,000 bales of cotton. 30 September 1865, single roundtrip voyage (her only voyage for her original owners, Benner & Brown), New York-Apalachicola, Florida, returning with a cargo of cotton. November 1865, sold to Ruger Brothers. Originally advertised to sail for the Ruger Brothers' North American Lloyd Line to Bremen via Southampton on 17 March 1866, the WESTERN METROPOLIS did not sail until 28 June 1866. However, she had been refitted with paddle wheels that shed their floats in anything but a dead calm, and the WESTERN METROPOLIS was forced to turn around and put in to Boston, which she reached on 6 July 1866, before all the paddles were lost. After temporary repairs, on 10 July 1866, she sailed for New York (arrived 19 July), unable to continue the voyage to Bremen; laid up. Late 1866, together with the other vessels of the North American Lloyd Line, sold to Isaac Taylor's New York & Bremen Steamship Co. 7 March 1867, first voyage, New York-Cowes-Bremen (arrived after a voyage of 17 days). Continued to make eastbound sailings at approximately eight-week intervals. 24 August 1867, sailed from New York on fourth (and last) voyage for New York & Bremen Steamship Co; 8 September 1867, arrived at Southampton with a broken shaft; repaired at Southampton, and proceeded on to Bremen; on return passage, reached New York 6 November 1867, from Bremen 20 October 1867 and Cowes 22 October 1867, with 921 passengers; there had been 3 deaths on the passage: an infant, a case of delirium tremens, and a case of apoplexy. 30 June 1868, sold for $57,000; her new owner advertised her for sale for the rest of 1868 and all of 1869, without success. 1870, acquired by Merchants' Steamship Co, Frederic Baker, agent, for its New York-New Orleans service. 12 March and 9 April 1870, two roundtrip voyages, New York-New Orleans. 18 May 1870, Capt. H. S. Quick, sailed from New York for Havre-Bremen-Copenhagen-Swinemunde-Kiel-Christiansand, chartered to Ruger Brothers. Returned by the northern route, arriving New York 7 July 1870, with 954 passengers; from the Shetlands to Newfoundland the weather had been cold and foggy: 3 infants among the passengers died, as did one sailor, of pneumonia. September 1870, returned to New York-New Orleans service. October 1871, port shaft cracked on voyage from New York to New Orleans; shaft replaced at sea. February-August 1873, laid up. 13 February 1875, last voyage, New York-New Orleans-New York (arrived 9 March 1875). March 1875, Merchants' Steamship Co ceased operations. 1875-1878, laid up; several changes of ownership reported; last sale to Cornelius Delamater, who bought her for $15,000. March 1878, at the Delamater Iron Works, on the North River side of Manhattan, where her engine was removed. I have no information on her later history or ultimate fate [Cedric Ridgely-Nevitt, American Steamships on the Atlantic (Newark: University of Delaware Press, [1981], pp. 329-330]. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 29 August 1998]

WESTERN WORLD
The WESTERN WORLD was built for the United States Shipping Board by Bethlehem Steel Shipbuilding Corp, Sparrow's Point (ship #4197), and launched on 19 September 1921 as the NUTMEG STATE. 13,712 tons; 163,1 x 20 meters (length x breadth); twin-screw propulsion, turbine engines, service speed 17 knots; accommodation for 260 passengers in 1st class, 300 in 3rd class; crew of 203. 1922, renamed WESTERN WORLD. May 1922, placed in the New York-La Plata (South America) Service (managed by the Munson Line). 1926, sold by the United States Shipping Board to the Munson Line. August 1931, stranded on Boi Point, near Santos; the 888 passengers and crew taken off by the Hamburg-America Line steamship GENERAL OSORIO; the WESTERN WORLD was refloated 4 weeks later. November 1938, taken over by the U.S. Maritime Commission from the financially troubled Munson Line. 1939, placed in service as the U.S. Army transport LEONARD WOOD. June 1941, taken over by the U.S. Navy as a transport. 1946, returned to the U.S. Maritime Commission; laid up. 1948, scrapped by Consolidated Builders, Vancouver, Washington [Arnold Kludas, Die grossen Passagierschiffe der Welt; Eine Dokumentation, Band 2: 1913-1923 (2nd ed.; Oldenburg/Hamburg: Gerhard Stalling, 1973), p. 118. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 10 February 1998]

WESTMINSTER (1)
The WESTMINSTER was a 3-masted, square-rigged ship, built by Christian Bergh & Co, New York, and launched in 1835. 631 tons; 135 ft 3 in x 32 ft 2 in x 20 ft 5 in (length x beam x depth of hold). She sailed in the Black X Line of New York-London packets fromn 1835 to 1850, during which period the average length of her westbound passages was 37 days, her shortest passage being 20 days, her longest 56. By 1850, she was considered to small and outdated for the competitive trans-Atlantic packet service, and at the end of the year she was transferred to the New Orleans Louisiana and New York Line of New York-New Orleans packets, where she ran from 1851 to 1857; during this period the average length of her passages from New York to New Orleans was 19.1 days, her shortest passage being 12 days, her longest 33 days [Robert Greenhalgh Albion, Square-riggers on Schedule; The New York Sailing Packets to England, France, and the Cotton Ports (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1938), pp. 282-283, and 294-295]. I know nothing of the subsequent history or ultimate fate of the WESTMINSTER. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 17 March 1998]

WESTMINSTER (2)
See DUKE OF WESTMINSTER.

WESTPHALIA
The "Westphalia" of 1872 was built in 1868 by Caird & Co, Greenock for Hamburg America Line. She was a 3,158 gross ton ship, length 339.9ft x beam 40ft, one funnel, two masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 12 knots. There was accommodation for 90-1st, 130-2nd and 520-3rd class passengers. Launched on 24/6/1868, she sailed from Hamburg on her maiden voyage to Southampton and New York on 16/9/1868. She commenced her last voyage from Hamburg to Havre and New York on 28/4/1875 before being laid up. In 1878 she was rebuilt with two funnels and compound engines, and on 30/7/1879 she resumed the Hamburg - Havre - New York service. She started her last voyage to New York on 19/12/1886 and in 1887 was sold to the British company, H.F.Swan of Newcastle who re-engined her and renamed her "Atlantica". In 1888 she went to Gazzo & Schiafino of Italy and was renamed "Provincia di Sao Paulo". In 1890 she was resold to La Veloce of Italy and was renamed "Mentana" (Haws says "Montana") and was further renamed "Sud America" later in 1890. She was finally scrapped in Genoa in 1901. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1, p.390] [Merchant Fleets in Profile, vol.4 Hamburg America Line by Duncan Haws.] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 27 October 1997]

WEST POINT
See AMERICA (5)..

WHAMPOA
See MANILLA.

WHARTON
See SOUTHERN CROSS.

WHIRLWIND
I don't have much information on this ship. The "Whirlwind" was 1,003 registered tons, builders J.O.Curtis of Medford, Mass, USA, built in 1853 for the Black Ball Line. [The Colonial Clippers by Basil Lubbock] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 19 January 1998]

WHITE STAR
WHITE STAR, the name ship of the White Star Line of emigrant vessels from Liverpool to Boston, and of clippers to Australia and New Zealand. Built in 1854 by W. & R. Wright, St. John, New Brunswick, for the White Star line. 2,339 tons register; 258.6 feet long x 40 feet broad x 28 feet depth of hold. Launched as the Blue Jacket. She was at her launch considered the world's largest and most powerful merchant ship. Her maiden voyage from St. John to Liverpool, heavily laden with timber and against strong headwinds, was made in the remarkable time of 15 days. 20 April 1855, first voyage, Liverpool-Melbourne. 31 January 1856, one voyage, Liverpool-Mobile. 15 May 1859, one voyage, Liverpool-New York. October 1859, hit the _Gladiator_ after breaking her moorings during a storm in the Mersey; both vessels were damaged. 1860-1861, ran Melbourne-Hong Kong-Melbourne, with Chinese laborers and was then chartered to carry sheep from Australia to New Zealand. 24 June 1863, returned to Liverpool-Melbourne sailings. 1864, brought wool cargo home from New Zealand. 25 May 1867, last voyage, Liverpool-Melbourne. 1867, sold to Hutchinson, Withers & Jeffreys, Liverpool, and 1867 transferred to the Royal Bank of Liverpool. April 1868, sold to Merchants Trading Company, Liverpool. 31 July 1883, sailed from Calcutta for Liverpool; 24 December 1883, wrecked on Tuskar Rock, off the coast of Co. Wexford, Ireland [Roy Anderson White Star (Prescot, Lancashire: T. Stephenson & Sons, 1964), p. 187]. She is pictured in Basil Lubbock, Colonial Clippers (Boston: Charles E. Lauriat, 1921), facing p. 85. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 24 July 1997]

WIELAND
The "Wieland" was built in 1874 by A.Stephen & Sons, Glasgow for the Adler Line of Hamburg but didn't sail for them. She was a 3,507 gross ton vessel, length 375.3ft x beam 39.9ft, one funnel, two masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 13 knots. There was accommodation for 90-1st, 100-2nd and 800-3rd class passengers. Launched on 16/6/1874 for Adler, she was bought in 1875 by Hamburg America Line, and on 7/7/1875 sailed on her maiden voyage from Hamburg to Havre and New York. In 1882, she was rebuilt with two funnels and on 29/8/1894 commenced her last voyage from Hamburg to New York. On 6/10/1894 she commenced a single round voyage from Hamburg to South America and was then sold to another German company. She was damaged by fire in Shanghai on 15/10/1895 and was scrapped the following year. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1, p.392] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 14 November 1997]

The steamship WIELAND was built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Glasgow (Ship No. 171), and launched on 16 June 1874 for the Adler (Eagle) Line of Hamburg. 3,504 tons; 114,4 x 12,2 meters/375 x 40 feet (length x breadth); straight bow, 1 funnel, 2 masts; iron construction, screw propulsion, service speed 13 knots; accommodation for 90 passengers in 1st class, 100 in 2nd class, and 800 in steerage; crew of 110. The WIELAND never ran for the Adler Line. The Adler Line, which had been founded in 1873 in direct competition with the Hamburg American Line (HAPAG), was purchased by the latter company for 11,400,000 Reichsmarks on 7 May 1875, and on 25 June 1875, the WIELAND was transferred to HAPAG control. 7 July 1875, maiden voyage, Hamburg-Havre-New York. 1882, rebuilt; higher superstructure, 2 funnels. 29 August 1894, last voyage, Hamburg-New York. 6 October 1894, 1 roundtrip voyage, Naples-New York. 1895, sold to Ph. A. Lieder, Hamburg and Shanghai; transport in the Chinese-Japanese War. 15 October 1895, seriously damaged by fire at Shanghai. 3 January 1896, sent to Singapore for scrapping [Arnold Kludas and Herbert Bischoff, Die Schiffe der Hamburg- Amerika-Linie, Bd. 1: 1847-1906 (Herford: Koehler, 1979), pp. 34-35 (photograph); Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 1 (1975), p. 392]. - [ Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 28 February 1998]

WILBO
See ARUNDEL CASTLE (1).

WILHELMINE
The WILHELMINE was a brig, a sailing vessel with 2 masts, both square-rigged. She was built on the Mediterranean island of Malta in 1833, and was originally named CAROLINE. She appears in Lloyd's Register for 1834-1841, which gives the following details: Tonnage: 181, Master: Holmes, Owner: Abrahms, Port of Registry: Malta (1834-1836), Liverpool (1836-1841), Port of Survey:London (1834-1836), Liverpool (1836-1841). The CAROLINE does not appear in Lloyd's Register for 1842 or the subsequent years, and I lose track of her until 8 December 1845, when she was registered at the port of Hamburg by her owner, Johann Marbs, who had reconstructed her (i.e., replaced all her timbers), and renamed her WILHELMINE. The reconstructed brig measured 84 x 24.2 x 14.2 Hamburg feet (24 x 6.9 x 4.1 meters, length x beam x depth of hold), with a tonnage of 72 Commerzlasten (approximately 208 tons, by weight)--she was, in short, quite a small vessel. Marbs owned the WILHELMINE from December 1845 until 12 June 1856, when he sold her to the Hamburg shipowner Jonas Gabriel Lund, who held her in turn until 1863, when he sold her on the island of St. Thomas. I know nothing further of her history, or of her ultimate fate.[Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 23 October 1997]

WILHELMSBURG
The WILHELMSBURG was a 3-masted, square-rigged ship, built at Reiherstieg, Hamburg, by J[ohann] C[esar] Godeffroy & Sohn for its own account; Bielbrief [certificate of registry] Hamburg 27 April 1853. 424 Commerzlasten/940 tons; 144 x 35.9 x 28.4 Hamburg Fusse/41.18 x 10.27 x 8.13 meters (length x beam x depth of hold). Masters: 1853-1862 - J. C. H. Muller; 1862-1863 - E. C. Kross. Voyages: 1853/1855 - Melbourne/Sydney/intermediate ports/London; 1855/1858 - Sydney/Hobart/intermediate ports/Bombay/Cochin; 1858/1862 - Cape of Good Hope/East London/intermediate ports/Callao; 1862/1863 - East Indies/London; 1863 - Moreton Bay. On 27 November 1863, she sailed for Queensland, but on 3/4 December was wrecked off Terschelling, with the loss of 247 emigrants [Walter Kresse, ed., Seeschiffs-Verzeichnis der Hamburger Reedereien, 1824-1888, Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Hamburgische Geschichte, N. F., Bd. 5. (Hamburg: Museum fur Hamburgische Geschichte, 1969), vol. 1, p. 169; Ronald Parsons, Migrant Sailing Ships from Hamburg (North Adelaide, South Australia: Gould Books, 1993), p. 27; E. and R. Kopittke, Emigrants from Hamburg to Australia, 1863-1864].- [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 23 August 1998]

WILLIAM A. COOPER
The WILLIAM A. COOPER was a 3-masted, square-rigged sailing ship, built in 1847, in Pittston, Maine; 645 tons, 147 x 30.9 x 15.5 feet (length x beam x depth of hold) [William Armstrong Fairburn, Merchant Sail (Center Lovell, ME: Fairburn Marine Educational Foundation, [1945-55]), vol 5, p. 3322]. I know nothing of her history before or after this voyage. It may, however, have been short, as her master in 1848, William A. Cutts, was by 1850 master of the ship CHARLES COOPER, also built in Pittston (in 1849), and if not properly a sister ship to the WILLIAM A. COOPER, almost certainly belonging to the same owner(s): the two vessels were almost identical in size, and it is therefore unlikely that taking command of the CHARLES COOPER would have been considered a "step up" for Cutts [Carl C. Cutler, Queens of the Western Ocean; The Story of America's Mail and Passenger Sailing Lines (Annapolis: United States Naval Institute, c1961), p. 520]. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer]

WILLIAM D, SEWALL
"William D. Sewall" was a full-rigged ship of 672 tons, 141 feet long x 32 feet 5 inches broad and 16 feet 2 1/4 inches in depth, built in Bath, Maine, in 1848, by Clarke, Sewall & Co [William Armstrong Fairburn, Merchant Sail (Center Lovell, ME: Fairburn Marine Educational Foundation, [1945-1955]), V.3195, 3196, and 3261]. She was apparently a transient trader, following neither a set route nor a set schedule. The only other reference I have to her is the arrival at New York on 4 May 1852 of the ship William D. Sewall, of Bath, Robert Jack, master, from Liverpool 28 March, with 253 passengers (2 deaths) [National Archives Microfilm Publication M237, roll 112, list #468; printed in Ira A. Glazier and P. William Filby, Germans to America, (Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1988ff), vol. 3, pp. 332-334]..[Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 11 June 1997]

WILLIAM O'SWALD
See RESOLUTE.

WILLIAM PENN
The "William Penn" was built by Malcolmson Bros, Waterford, Ireland in 1865. She was a 2,647 gross ton ship, length 316.3ft x beam 36.3ft, clipper stem, one funnel, four masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. There was accommodation for 1st, 2nd and 700-3rd class passengers. Originally laid down as the "Manhattan", she was launched on 10/7/1865 as the "William Penn" for the London & New York Steamship Line. Her maiden voyage commenced on 10/4/1866 when she left London for Havre, St John's NF and New York and she commenced the last of 18 round voyages on 13/3/1869 when she sailed from London for Havre and New York. In 1869 she went to the Allan Line of Liverpool who renamed her "European" and used her as an extra steamer on the Liverpool - Quebec - Montreal service. In 1872 she was sold to the Hughes Line of Liverpool and was employed on their Liverpool - Bombay route, but in July and October 1874 made 2 round voyages between Liverpool, Quebec and Montreal. When entering Morpeth Dock, Birkenhead in 1875, she broke her back, was rebuilt to 2,659 tons and a length of 326.8ft, and fitted with compound engines. In 1884 she was again fitted with new engines and came under the ownership of T.R.Oswald (British). Between 1889 and 1894 she was owned by the Ross Line and in 1897 was reduced to a hulk. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2, p.598] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 20 January 1998]

WILLEHAD
Your ship is the "Willehad" and was built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg in 1894 for Norddeutscher Lloyd [North German Lloyd]. She was a 4,761 gross ton ship, length 383.4ft x beam 46ft, one funnel, two masts, steel construction, twin screw and a speed of 13 knots. There was passenger accommodation for 105-2nd class and 1,196-3rd class. Launched on 21/3/1894, she sailed from Bremen on her maiden voyage to New York on 24/5/1894. On 10/11/1894 she commenced her first Bremen - South America voyage and on 4/12/1896 started her first Bremen - New York - Baltimore run. On 23/5/1903 she commenced the last of 12 round voyages to S.America and on 3/5/1904 started sailing between Stettin, Helsingborg, Gothenburg, Christiansand and New York (3 round voyages). On 31/12/1912 she started Hamburg - Quebec - Montreal sailings and on 4/1/1912 commenced Bremen - Philadelphia voyages. On 31/12/1912 she started her last sailing between Bremen, Philadelphia and Baltimore and on 10/7/1914 commenced the last of 24 round voyages when she left Hamburg for Quebec and Montreal. In Aug 1914 she took refuge in New London, Conn. due to the outbreak of the Great War and in April 1917 was seized by the US authorities. She then became the US Government ship "Wyandotte" until 1924 when she was scrapped at Baltimore. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2,p.558] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 6 January 1998]

WINELAND
See CALIFORNIA (2).

WINLAND.
See CALIFORNIA (2).

WISCONSIN
The "Wisconsin" was a 3,238 gross ton vessel built in 1870 by Palmer Bros. & Co, Jarrow-on-Tyne for the Guion Line. Her details were - length 366ft x beam 43.2ft, one funnel, two masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 11 knots. There was accommodation for 76-1st, 100-intermediate and 800-3rd class passengers. Launched on 19/3/1870, she sailed from Liverpool on her maiden voyage to Queenstown (Cobh) and New York on 6/7/1870. About 1874 she was rebuilt to a tonnage of 3,700 tons and on 22/10/1892 she commenced her last voyage to New York. She was scrapped in 1893. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2, p.709].[Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 20 October 1997]

WITTEKIND
The "Wittekind" was a 4,755 gross ton ship, built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg in 1894 for Norddeutscher Lloyd [North German Lloyd] of Bremen. Her details were - length 383.4ft x beam 46ft, straight stem, one funnel, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 13 knots. There was accommodation for 174-2nd and 1,366-3rd class passengers. Launched on 3/2/1894, she sailed on her maiden voyage from Bremen to New York on 14/4/1894. She made 11 round voyages on this service, the last commencing 8/8/1895 and on 21/9/1895 was transferred to the Bremen - South America service. In 1900 she was rebuilt by Wigham Richardson, Wallsend-on-Tyne to a length of 446ft, 5,640 gross tons. On 24/2/1906 she commenced her first voyage from Bremen to Baltimore, on 6/4/1911 Bremen - Philadelphia - Galveston and on 16/6/1911 Hamburg - Quebec - Montreal. On 14/9/1912 she sailed on her last Bremen - S.America voyage (33 round voyages), on 2/4/1914 her last Bremen - Philadelphia - Galveston voyage and on 25/6/1914 started her last Hamburg - Quebec - Montreal sailing (4 round voyages). She sailed from Hamburg on 24/7/1914 for Quebec and Montreal, but because of the outbreak of the Great War, she diverted to Boston and took refuge there. In April 1917 she was seized by the US authorities and became the US Government ship "Iroquois". In 1919 she was renamed "Freedom" and in 1924 was scrapped. [ North Atlantic Seaway, vol.2, p.557] [Posted to the ShipsList by Ted Finch - 4 January 1998]

WOLFE
See MONTCALM.

WORCESTER
The "Worcester" was a 1,244 gross ton ship, built by J.B.& J.D.Van Dusen, New York (engines Atlantic Works, New York) in 1863. Her details were - length 209.5ft x beam 35.5ft, straight stem, one funnel, two masts, wooden construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. There was capacity for 30-1st, 20-2nd and 300-3rd class passengers. Launched on 11th February 1863 as the "Glaucus" for the Neptune Line, she was purchased by the US Navy. After the ending of the Civil War, she was sold by auction and puchased by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, who placed her in service between Baltimore and Liverpool under the description of Baltimore & Liverpool Steamship Co. They renamed her "Worcester" and on 29th November 1865 she sailed from Baltimore for Liverpool but returned to Baltimore with engine trouble. On 23rd December 1865 she again left Baltimore and made her first complete round voyage to Liverpool. She sailed from Liverpool on 29th May 1867 and lost her propeller, returned to Queenstown (Cobh) on 4th June and was towed to Liverpool for repairs. The last Baltimore - Liverpool - Baltimore started on 15th September 1868 and the service then closed down, the "Worcester" having made 12 round voyages. During the winter of 1868-9 she sailed between Baltimore and New York and was then laid up. In 1873 she was sold to Boston owners and sailed between Boston, Halifax and Prince Edward Island until 1894 when she was scrapped at Boston. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.2, p.693] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 30 July 1998]

WORMS
See HARBURG.

WORRALL
According to the annual volumes of Lloyd's Register for 1862/63-1881/82, the WORRALL was a bark, built by Harland & Wolff, Belfast, and launched in December 1862. 483/483/471 tons (gross/net/under deck); 166.6 x 25.2 x 16.9 feet (length x breadth x depth of hold); iron construction; 2 bulkheads; 1 deck, 2 tiers of beams; raised quarter deck 41 feet long. Official number 45441; signal code VDJK. Master: 1862/63 - Parfott; 1862/63-1868/69 - Power; 1868/69-1870/71 - Row; 1870/71 - W. Cholerton; 1871/72 - W. Chalrtn; 1872/73-1875/76 - W. Charlton; 1875/76-1876/77 - W. Cholerton; 1876/77-1879/80 - G. Bowden; 1879/80-1881/82 - Smith. Owner: 1862/63-1870/71 - J. Worrall; 1870/71-1876/77 - W. & J. Tyrer; 1876/77 - G. P. Wakeham; 1877/78-1881/82 - S. Wakeham & Son. Registry: Liverpool. Port of Survey:1862/63 - Belfast; 1862/63-1881/82 - Liverpool.Destined Voyage (-1873/74): South America. The WORRALL was still afloat in 1881/82, and as this is the latest volume of Lloyd's Register to which I have access, I do not know her subsequent history or ultimate fate. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 20 January 1998]

WORSLEY HALL
The "Worsley Hall" was a small cargo steamer owned by the Franco-British line and was heavily involved in the evacuation of Greek refugees from Kemal Pasha who was launching an offensive for the liberation of Turkey. They were evacuated from Smyrna to Salonika in 1922. [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 10 January 1998]

WOUDRICHEM
See HALLE.

WYOMING
The "Wyoming" was a 3238 ton,11 knot vessel belonging to the Guion Line. She was built in 1870 by Palmer Bros.Co. at Jarrow on Tyne. Her dimensions were 366ft long x 43.2ft beam, straight stem, one funnel, two masts rigged for sail on both. There was accommodation for 76 1st, 100 intermediate and 800 3rd class passengers. She was employed on the Liverpool - Queenstown (Cobh)-NY service and was scrapped in 1893. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List byTed Finch - 19 June 1997]

The "Wyoming" was built in 1870 by Palmer Bros & Co, Jarrow-on-Tyne for the Guion Line. She was a 3,238 gross ton ship, length 366.2ft x beam 43.2ft, straight stem, one funnel, two masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 11 knots. There was accommodation for 76-1st, 100-intermediate and 800-3rd class passengers. She sailed from Liverpool on her maiden voyage to Queenstown (Cobh) and New York on 25/11/1870. In 1874 (or earlier) she was rebuilt to 3,729 tons and on 19/11/1892 commenced her last Liverpool - New York crossing. She was scrapped in 1893. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2,p.709] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 4 February 1998]

WYANDOTTE
See WILLEHAD.

WYOMING
The "Wyoming" was built in 1870 by Palmer Bros & Co, Jarrow-on-Tyne for the Guion Line of Liverpool. She was a 3,238 gross ton ship, length 366.2ft x beam 43.2ft, straight stem, one funnel, two masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 11 knots. There was passenger accommodation for 76-1st, 100-intermediate and 800-3rd class. Launched on 30/7/1870, she sailed from Liverpool on 25/11/1870 on her maiden voyage to Queenstown (Cobh) and New York. She was rebuilt to 3,729 tons about 1874 and remained on the same service until 19/11/1892 when she commenced her final Liverpool - Queenstown - New York voyage. In 193 she was scrapped. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2, p.709] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 23 January 1998]

XENOPHON
The brig XENOPHON was built in Belfast, Maine, in 1848, and measured 245 tons and 99 x 25 x 11 feet (length/breadth/depth of hold) [William Armstrong Fairburn, Merchant Sail (Center Lovell, Maine: Fairburn Marine Educational Foundation, [1945-55]), V.3474]. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Miling List by Michael Palmer - 4 January 1998]

YAKIMA STAR
See VANCOUVER ISLAND.

YALE
The "Yale" was launched on December 1st 1906 by the Delaware River Company and was one of the first two American turbine steamers. She was a 3,731 gross ton ship, two funnels and two masts, triple screws and a speed of 22.5 knots. Designed for the express service of the New York - Boston , she actually commenced her first commercial voyage from Boston to St John,NB. She started the NY - Boston service on September 9th 1907 and then went from New York to the Pacific coast in 1910 and was sold to the Pacific Navigation Co of San Francisco. She returned to the Atlantic coast for war service in 1917 and was used to carry American troops from Britain to the French front. After the war she was purchased by the Los Angeles SS Co and returned to service between Los Angeles and San Francisco. In January 1931 she came under the control of the Matson Line, was withdrawn from service in 1935 and laid up at Antioch, Calif. She was sold to a construction company in 1941 and proceeded to Seattle, Sitka and later Kodiak as an accommodation ship for for the employees. She was later purchased by the US Navy, renamed "Greyhound" and used for passenger carrying between the Aleutian Islands. After the end of WWII, she returned to Puget Sound Navy Yard and was turned over to the US Maritime Commission and was offered for sale. In May 1949 she was sold to Walter W.Johnson Co. of San Francisco, was towed to Stockton, Calif. where she was scrapped between July 25th and December 17th 1949. [Article by John H.Kemble, Claremont, Calif. Sea Breezes Magazine, June 1951] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 10 March 1998]

YAMATO MARU
See GIUSEPPE VERDI .

YAMUNA
See SLAVONIA (2).

YOKOHAMA MARU
The "Yokohama Maru" was built in 1912 by Mitsubishi Dockyard for Nippon Yusen Kaisha of Tokyo. She was a 6,143 gross ton ship, length 409ft x beam 49ft, twin screw and a speed of 14 knots. She sailed between Japanese ports and Seattle between 1912 and 1933 when she was transferred to the South Pacific service. She was sunk by US aircraft on 10.3.1942. [Pacific Liners 1927-72 by Frederick Emmons] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 24 February 1998]

YORKSHIRE
See ESTONIA (1) .

YORKTOWN
YORKTOWN, Hull 33. The YORKTOWN was the first of two identical packet ships built by William H. Webb of New York, for Grinnell, Minturn & Company in late 1847 and 1848. YORKTOWN was completed first, followed three months later by the ship LONDON. Both ships were originally built with two decks, but years later each ship acquired a third deck. YORKTOWN measured 170 feet by 38 feet 3 inches by 22 feet 3 inches. Her tonnage was 1150, five tons more than LONDON. She was built for Grinnell, Minturn & Company's Red Swallowtail Line to London. She was launched in October 1847 and departed on her maiden voyage to London about 1 November 1847. Her average westbound passage took 37 days with 22 days as her fastest and 53 days her slowest. She remained in service for 21 years. On 6 November 1868, she encountered extremely heavy weather and lost her masts and rigging and began to leak. On the 24 December 1868, YORKTOWN was put into Fayal, in the Azores and condemned by inspectors. After an extensive search, I have not been able to locate a picture of the YORKTOWN. [E-mail from Sue Nola - 23 November 1997]

ZAMANIA
See RIMUTAKA (1)

ZAMZAM
See LEICESTERSHIRE .

ZAYATHLA
See RUAPEHU (1) .

ZEBULON B. VANCE
The S.S. Zebulon B. Vance was a U.S.flagged standard built World War Two liberty ship. That was built in Wilmington, N.C. by the North Carolina Shipbuilding Corp. in February 1942 as the "Zinnia "which was an asigned name for a hospital ship.but,the name was never used. And in November 1943 the vessel was convereted in Boston, Mass. as a U.S. Army Hospital ship and renamed "John L. Meany " And in January 1946 was convered to a transport for the U.S. Army Transportation Service (U.S.A.T.S.) and renamed Zebulon B. Vance. She was then placed in service as a transport to transport war brides,military dependents and children with a capacity for 476 persons. This vessel was scrapped in Spezia in July 1970. - [Posted to The ShipsList by Capt. C.J. Carroll - 10 June 1998]

ZEELAND(1)
The "Zeeland" of 1888 was the ex-Cunard vessel "Java" built in 1865 by Thompson's of Glasgow. She was bought by the Red Star Line in 1878 and later renamed "Zeeland". Her dimensions were 2866 tons, length 337ft, beam 42.9ft, speed 12 knots. She had a clipper stem, one funnel and three masts. There was accommodation for 160 1st class and 800 3rd class passengers. She sailed throughout her career with Red Star from Antwerp to either NY or Philadelphia. In 1889 she was sold to the French and was renamed "Electrique" and in 1892 was converted to a British sailing ship and renamed "Lord Spencer". She went missing while on passage from San Francisco to Queenstown in 1895. This vessel is described in the Cunard archives as the "Java" [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List byTed Finch - 19 June 1997]

ZEELAND (2)
The steamship ZEELAND was built by John Brown & Co Ltd, Glasgow, for the Red Star Line, and launched on 24 November 1900. 11,905 tons; 171,16 x 18,35 meters (561.6 x 60.2 feet, length x beam), 2 funnels, 4 masts; twin-screw propulsion, service speed 15 knots; accommodation for 342 1st-, 194 2nd-, and 626 steerage passengers. 13 April 1901, maiden voyage, Antwerp- New York (British flag). 5 March 1910, last voyage, Antwerp-Dover-New York. 19 April 1910-September 1911, 14 roundtrip voyages, Liverpool-Boston, chartered to the White Star Line. 21 October 1911, resumed Antwerp-Dover-New York, service. July 1912, Belgian flag. 11 September 1914, first voyage, Liverpool-New York (British flag). November 1914, first voyage, Liverpool-Quebec-Montreal, chartered to White Star-Dominion. December 1914-January 1915, Liverpool-Halifax-Portland, chartered to White Star-Dominion. February 1915, renamed NORTHLAND and registered in the name of the International Navigation Co. March-June 1915, chartered to White Star-Dominion's Liverpool-Canada service. 1915, troopship. August 1916-April 1917, resumed White Star-Dominion's Liverpool-Canada service (7 roundtrip voyages). February-June 1919, 4 roundtrip voyages, Liverpool-Philadelphia, chartered to the American Line. 18 August 1920, resumed Antwerp-Southampton- New York service for the Red Star Line, as the ZEELAND (British flag). April 1923, accommodation changed to cabin and 3rd-class. 1924, accommodation changed to tourist class; 11,667 tons. 8 October 1926, last voyage, Antwerp-Southampton- New York. January 1927, sold to the Atlantic Transport Line. After a voyage as a troop transport from London to Shanghai, renamed MINNESOTA. 30 April 1927, first voyage, London-New York. 21 September 1929, last voyage, London-New York. October 1929, sold for scrapping to T. W. Ward. 1930, scrapped at Inverkeithing [Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 2 (1978), p. 855; Arnold Kludas, Die grossen Passagierschiffe der Welt; Eine Dokumentation, Band I: 1858-1912 (2nd ed.; Oldenburg/Hamburg: Gerhard Stalling, c1972), pp. 82-83 (2 photographs). Also pictured in Michael J. Anuta, Ships of Our Ancestors (Menominee, MI: Ships of Our Ancestors, 1983), p. 352, courtesy of the Peabody Essex Museum, East India Square, Salem, MA 01970 [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 4 October 1997]

ZEELANDIA
The "Zeelandia" was a Dutch vessel belonging to Royal Holland Lloyd and was built in 1910 by A.Stephen & Sons, Glasgow. She was a 7995 gross ton vessel, length 134,10m x beam 16,97m, one funnel, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 14 knots. There was accommodation for 118-1st, 114-2nd and 998-3rd class passengers. She was launched on 26/4/1910 and commenced her maiden voyage from Amsterdam to South America on 21/7/1910. On 21/3/1918 she was requisitioned by the US government at New York, but returned to the Dutch flag in 1919. In 1934 she was refitted to carry 194-intermediate class and 710-3rd class passengers and in February 1935 was laid up at Amsterdam. Scrapped in Holland in 1936. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 15 September 1997]

ZETA
See SOVEREIGN.

ZIETEN
The "Zieten" was a 8,066 gross ton ship, built by F.Schichau, Danzig in 1902 for Norddeutscher Lloyd [North German Lloyd]. Her dimensions were - length 449.2ft x beam 55.4ft, one funnel, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 14 knots. There was passenger accommodation for 104-1st, 97-2nd and 1,700-3rd class. Launched 12/7/1902, she sailed from Bremen on her maiden voyage to New York on 25/1/1903. After this, she started her first voyage from Bremen via Suez to the Far East on 24/3/1903 and made 12 round voyages on this service. On 25/11/1903 she started her first Bremen - Suez - Australia voyage and on 14/10/1907 resumed Bremen - New York sailings. On 4/3/1911 she commenced her last crossing on this route(6 round voyages) and on 23/2/1912 commenced a single Hamburg - Portland round voyage. On 13/4/1912 she commenced a single Hamburg - Quebec - Montreal round voyage. She commenced her 15th Bremen - Suez - Australia run on 6/5/1914 and on 5th August, on the outbreak of the Great War, took refuge at Mozambique, which was then a Portuguese possession. In 1916 she was seized by Portugal and renamed "Tungue" and on 27/11/1917 was torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine in the Mediterranean. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2,p.566] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 3 February 1998]

The steamship ZIETEN was built by F. Schichau, Danzig (ship #692), for Norddeutscher Lloyd, and launched on 12 July 1902. 8,043 tons; 143,15 x 16,95 meters (length x breadth); 1 funnel, 2 masts; twin-screw propulsion, triple-expansion engines (6,000 hp), service speed 13.5 knots; accommodation for 104 passengers in 1st class, 97 in 2nd class, 128 in 3rd class, and 2,200 in steerage; crew of 155 to 190. 25 January 1903, maiden voyage, Bremen-New York (1 roundtrip voyage). 24 March 1903, first voyage, Bremen-Suez Canal-Far East (12 roundtrip voyages). 25 November 1903, first voyage, Bremen-Suez Canal-Australia. 14 October 1907, resumed Bremen-New York service. 4 March 1911, last voyage, Bremen-New York (6 roundtrip voyages). 23 February 1912, single roundtrip voyage, Hamburg- Portland. 13 April 1912, single roundtrip voyage, Hamburg-Quebec- Montreal. 6 May 1914, sailed Bremen-Suez Canal-Australia (15th roundtrip voyage). 6 August 1914, accompanied the German cruiser SMS KONIGSBERG in the Indian Ocean. 5 September 1914, sheltered in Mozambique. 24 February 1916, seized by Portugal; renamed TUNGUE and assigned to Transportes maritimos do Estado. 1917, chartered to Great Britain. 27 November 1917, torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-31 120 miles north of Port Said, en route from Karachi to Milos [Edwin Drechsel, Norddeutscher Lloyd Bremen, 1857-1970; History, Fleet, Ship Mails (Vancouver: Cordillera Pub. Co., c1994-c1995), vol. 1, p. 282, no. 183; Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 2 (1978), p. 566]. Pictured in Michael J. Anuta, Ships of Our Ancestors (Menominee, MI: Ships of Our Ancestors, 1983), p. 353, courtesy of the Steamship Historical Society of America, Langsdale Library, University of Baltimore, 1420 Maryland Ave., Baltimore, MD 21201. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 7 February 1998]

ZINNIA
See ZEBULON B. VANCE.

ZION'S HOPE
The ZION'S HOPE was a bark, a 3-masted sailing vessel, the fore- and mainmasts square-rigged, the mizzenmast rigged fore-and-aft, of 565/665 tons (old/new measurement), built at Miramichi, New Brunswick, in 1846 [Public Archives of Canada, RG 42, Volume 1316; microfilm reference: Reel # C-376, Vol. # 105 Page # 75]. The following information on the ZION'S HOPE is taken from the annual volumes of Lloyd's Register of Shipping for 1846/47 through 1856/57: Master: 1846/47-1848/49 - Carter; 1848/49-1850/51 - J. Parker; 1851/52-1856/57 - P. Connor. Owner: 1846/47-1850/51 - Penington; 1851/52-1856/57 - Sinnott. Registry: Liverpool. Port of Survey: 1846/47-1848/49 - Liverpool; 1848/49-1850/51 - London; 1851/52-1852/53 - Liverpool; 1853/54-1856/57 - Clydeside. Destined Voyage: 1846/47-1848/49 - Calcutta; 1848/49-1850/51 - Bombay; 1851/52-1853/54 - New York; 1854/55-1855/56 - Quebec; 1855/56-1856/57 - Mediterranean.The ZION'S HOPE last appears in Lloyd's Register for 1856/57. Unfortunately, the entry does not indicate whether the vessel was lost, or simply "sold abroad". - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 19 February 1998]

ZURICH
The ZURICH was a 3-masted, square-rigged ship, built in New York by the well-known shipbuilder William H. Webb, of New York, and launched in January 1844. 817 tons; 150 ft x 34 ft 8 in x 21 ft (length x beam x depth of hold); 2 decks; draft when loaded 17 ft. Owned in October 1852 by Jacob Surget (1/2), Mortimer Livingston (operator, 1/4), the estate of Samuel M. Fox (operator, 1/8), and Capt. William C. Thompson (1/8). From 1844 to 1863, the ZURICH sailed in the Union Line of sailing packets between New York and Havre, her westbound passages averaging 35 days, her shortest passage being 21 days, her longest 56 days. The Union Line was dissolved as a consequence of the Civil War in 1863, and the ZURICH was sold British, appearing in the Newry, Ireland, registry in 1866 [Robert Greenhalgh Albion,Square-riggers on Schedule: The New York Sailing Packets to England, France, and the Cotton Ports (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1938), pp. 284-285, 299, 315]. She appears in the annual volumes of Lloyd's Register of Shipping for 1874/75-1879/80, with the following information: Official Number: 47,137. International Signal Code: VMJK. Dimensions: 159 x 35.1 x 20 ft (length x beam x depth of hold). Tonnage: 797 tons net; 691/714/671 tons net/gross/under deck (from 1876/77). Master: J. Grange. Owner: 1874/75-1875/76 - [none given]; 1876/77-1879/80 - J. Turpie. Registry: 1874/75 - [not given]; 1875/76-1879/80 - North Shields. It should be noted at this information may not have been current at the time it was printed. Lloyd's Register is a voluntary classification society, and many British owners of older American vessels purchased during the Civil War did not choose to insure them. In fact, the ZURICH was last surveyed by a representative of Lloyd's at London in March 1868, and although listed in Lloyd's Register it is not classed. For a more accurate account of the ZURICH's later ownership and registry after her purchase by British interests it is necessary to check the contemporary annual volumes of the Mercantile Navy List, the official list of British-registered merchant vessels. On 13 August 1879, the ZURICH, of North Shields, 691 tons, now rigged as a bark and belonging to W. Hutchinson, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, J. Smith, master, bound from South Shields for Spezzia [La Spezia, southeast of Genoa], with coal and coke and 1 passenger, stranded on Hasborough Sand, in the North Sea, and became a total loss [Abstract Returns of Wrecks and Casualties on the Coasts of the U.K., Casualties to British Ships Elsewhere, and to Foreign Ships on the Coasts of British Possessions Abroad, 1879-1880, Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons, 1881 (Command 2906) lxxxii.993].- [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 30 September 1998]