ARMIES OF THE NORTHERN WARS
MEDIEVAL GERMAN 1400-1493
Cold. Ag 1 WW, Rv, H(S), H(G), Wd, V, RGo, Rd, BUA. If city/clerical C-in-C, BUA, if free canton, M, E.
C-in-C - Ln(S) @ 35 AP if Imperial, Ln(O) @ 30 AP if Feudal,
Ln(I) if Clerical, City or Mercenary, Wb(I) @ 23 AP. 1
Clerical Sub general - Ln(O) @ 30 AP or Ally general - Ln(O) @ 22AP,
front rank of double base with rear rank Ln(I) 0-2
Feudal Ally general - Ln (O) @ 10 AP 0-2
City or Mercenary Ally general - Ln(O) @ 10AP front rank of double base
with rear rank Ln(I) 0-2
Feudal Knights - Ln(O) @ 10AP * 6-12
Clerical or Mercenary Knights - double based up to 1/2 Ln(O)@ 12 AP, remainder - Ln(I)@ 10 AP * 6-12
City mounted Burgers - Ln(I) @ 10 AP 0-3
Feudal or mercenary mounted crossbowmen - LH(S) @ 7AP * 2-6
City guard halbrediers - Bd (O) @ 7AP 0-2
City militia crossbowmen - Bw (I) @ 4 AP * 4-8
Upgrade City militia crossbowmen with pavaise - Bw (O) @ 5 AP Any
City militia spearmen - Pk(I) @ 3 AP * 6-16
City militia archers - Sk(O) @ 2 AP 0-8
City or Clerical standard wagon - WWg(I) @ 3 AP 0-1
City, Feudal or Mercenary cogs - Shp(I) @ 3 AP[Bw] 0-3
City wagon lager - FO @ 2 AP 0-12
Feudal retainers - up to 1/4 Sk(O) @ 2 AP, rest Hd(O) @ 1 AP 0-8
Heerban - up to 1/3 Sk(O) 2 AP, remainder Hd(O) @ 1 AP 0-18
Free canton spearmen - Wb(E) @ 3 AP * 8-32
Free canton archers or crossbowmen - Sk(O) @ 2AP or Bw(I) @ 3 AP 0-8
Mercenary spearmen - Reg Pk(O) @ 4AP 0-16
Mercenary halbrediers - Reg Bd(O) @ 7AP 0-8
Mercenary archers or crossbows - Bw(O) @ 5AP, or Sk(O) @ 2AP * 4-12
Regrade city, free canton, or mercenary Bw as handgunners - Sk(O) @ 3AP * 2-8
Feudal, city, free canton or mercenary light bombards - Art (I) @ 5AP ** 0-2
Feudal or city bombards - Art(S) 15AP if immobile, 25 AP if mobile. ** 0-2
City, Feudal or Mercenary cogs - Shp(I) @ 3 AP[Bw] 0-3
Imperial armies until 1420
Teutonic Knights - Ln(S) @ 15 AP 0-2
Only Imperial C-in-C 1420-1450 A D
Hungarians - LH(F) @ 4AP 0-8
After 1426
Feudal or clerical war wagons- WWg(O) @ 10AP 0-6
Swiss Allies - List: Swiss
After 1450
Regrade Feudal knights as Ln(O), @ 32AP if C-in-C, 22AP if an ally
general, otherwise up to 1/2 Ln(O) @12AP , the rest Ln (I) @ 10AP All
Downgrade any Ln(I)@ as separately deployed - Si(I)@ 5AP 0-6
Replace mounted crossbows with Petronels - Pi(I) @ 8AP * 1-3
Regrade city militia spearmen: up to 1/4 Bd(I) @ 3AP,
remainder to pikemen - Pk(I) @ 3AP Any
Regrade mercenary spearmen as pikemen - Pk(O) @ 4AP All
Regrade free canton Wb(I) as WB(E) @ 14AP if general 4 AP otherwise All
After 1478
Regrade C-in-C as Pk(O) @ 24 AP 0-1
Regrade mercenary knights to Ex-Burgundians - Ln(O) @ 12 AP Up to all
Regrade mercenary Bd as Pk(O) @ 4AP All
Regrade city militia Bd (I) and Pk(I) as Low countries Pk(O) @ 4AP Any
This list covers the various armies of the German Empire north of the Alps in various wars against each other, the Swiss,
Danes, Hussites, Poles, Hungarians., Burgundians, French, and Ottomans. Imperial C-in-C can have in his command no
more than 4 elements of feudal elements and any other elements. Only an Imperial army can have a sub general.
Clerical general may have in his command clerical, city, heerban, free canton and mercenary. Feudal generals can have
feudal, heerban, mercenary , Hungarian or Pikemen elements in his command. City generals can have city, heerban and
mercenary troops in his command. Free cantons can have only free canton or Mercenary elements in its command.
Mercenary generals can have only mercenary troops in his command. Feudal knights after 1450 must be supported by
a second rank of Ln(I) knights. * Minimum required only if used.
MEDIEVAL SCANDINAVIAN 1400-1493
Sweden: Max N500
Cold. Ag 3 if Danish or Union. Ag 1 if Swedish or Norwegian WW, Rv, H(S), Wd, RGo, M, Rd, BUA
C-in-C - Ln (O) @ 32 AP 1
Sub General - as above 1-2
Feudal knights - Ln(0) @ 12 AP 2-14
Smaasvende - Ln(I)@ 10AP 1-3
Skytter - LH(S) @7AP 2-6
Downgrade Skytter to mounted hangunners - LH(I) @ 4AP 0-2
Hangunners - LH(I) @ 4AP 2-5
Bombard - Art(S) 15AP if immobile, 25 AP if mobile. 0-1
Light guns - Art(I)@5AP 0-3
Cogs or hulks - Shp(I) @ 3AP [Bw] 0-4
Exchange Cogs for Skyttebaade - Bts(S)@3AP [Bd, Sk] 0-2
Only Swedish armies
Leidang - 1/2 crossbows - Bw(O) @5AP, 1/2 Bd(O)@ 7AP 18-62
Lapp and other scouts - Sk(I)@ 2AP, 0-2
Upgrade Lapp on Elk or Reindeer - LH(F)@ 4AP 0-1
Timber abatis or barricades - FO@ 2 AP 0-16
Only Union armies
German mercenary cavalry - 1/2 Ln(O) @ 12 AP, 1/2 Ln(I) @ 10 AP 0-6
Obudshaer - up to 1/3 crossbows - Bw(O) @5AP, remainder Bd(F)@ 5AP 8-24
Downgrade leidang to landevaernet - Hd(O) @ 1AP 0-24v
German city, feudal or mercenary allies: List: German Medieval
Swedish allies: List: Medieval Scandinavian
Only Union armies after 1487AD.
German Landsknecht pikemen - Pk(O)@4AP 12-24
Landsknecht supporting skirmishers - Sk(O)@3AP 1 per 4 Pk
This list covers the armies of Norway, Denmark and Sweden in the Union of Kalmar from the reign of Margaret of
Denmark to the end of the period. A war with Holstein and the Hanseatic League provoked a revolt against the king
because of burdens imposed by the long war. Later a protracted episodic civil war occurred between Denmark
and Sweden that resulted in Swedish autonomy within the Union.
TEUTONIC AND LIVONIAN KNIGHTS 1400-1493
Cold. Ag 1. WW, Rv, H(G), Wd, RGo, M, Rd, BUA
C-in-C - Ln (S) @ 35 AP 1
Sub General - Ln (S) @ 35 AP 1-2
Ritterbruder, Dienende Bruder - Ln (S) @ 15 AP 5-9
German vassal or Crusader knights - Ln(0) @ 12 AP 2-6
Knechte - LH(F) @ 4 AP 2-4
Upgrade Knechte as mercenary mounted crossbowmen - LH(S)@7AP 0-1/2
Prussian or Livonian cavalry - Si(O) @ 8 AP 0-4
Turkopolen - LH(O)@ 5AP 3-8
Livonian horse archers - LH(F) @ 4 AP 4-12
Dienende Bruder or Mercenary spearmen - Pk(O) @ 4 AP 2-4
Dienende Bruder or Mercenary crossbowmen - Bw(O) @ 5 AP 4-8
Feudal or Crusader Crossbowmen -Bw(O) @ 5 AP 0-4
Colonists and Burghers - Pk(I) @ 3 AP 0-6
Handgunners - Sh(I) @ 4 AP or Sk(O) @ 3 AP 0-4
Prussian or Livonian subject foot - Hd(O) @ 1 AP 0-10
Bombards - Art(S) 15AP if immobile, 25 AP if mobile. * 0-1
Cogs or Galleons - Shp(I) @ 3 AP [ Bw, Sh ] 0-2
Launches - Bts(O) @ 2 AP [ Ln(S) dismounted as Bd(S)] 0-3
German city allies - List: Medieval German 1400-1493 0-14
Before 1414AD:
Non German Crusader Knights and sergeants - Ln(O)@12AP 0-6
After 1450AD:
Downgrade German vassal or Crusader knights - 1/2 Ln(0) @ 12 AP, 1/2 Ln(I) @ 10 AP 2, 4 or-6
Teutonic Order only after 1466
Downgrade Ritterbruder, Dienende Bruder - Ln(O)@ 12AP 1/2 to All
Upgrade Vassal Knights to Polish Ln(O)@ 12AP 0-1/2
Downgrade Prussian cavalry as Polish noble levy - Si(I) @ 5 AP 0-2
This list covers the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Knights after 1466. After the Second Peace of Thorn in
1466, half of the members of the Teutonic Order were Polish knights and the Teutonic Order recognized Poland as
its overlord. The Order had also been reduced in wealth and lost control of many of its wealthiest cities to the
Polish King. The still independent Livonian Order remained a formidable force into the next century. German
vassal and Mercenary knights Ln(I) must give rear support to German vassal and Mercenary knights Ln(O) and
are mounted on a double element.
POLISH 1400-1493
Max C x 3
Cold. Ag 2. Rv, H(S), H(G), Wd, RGo, M, Rd, BUA
C-in-C - Ln(O) @ 20AP 1
Sub-general - as above 1-2
Rycerz - Ln(O) @ 12AP 7-16
Czeladz- Si(O) @ 8AP 9-18
Axmen - Bd(F) @ 5 AP 0-4
Town militia crossbowmen - Bw(E)@ 7AP, remainder Bw(O)@ 5AP 0-12
Lithuanian cavalry - LH(O) @ 5AP 0-6
Serbian cavalry - LH(O) @ 5AP 0-4
Wallachian or Moldavian cavalry - LH(S)@ 7AP 0-2
Tartar cavalry - LH(S)@ 7AP 0-3
Hungarian or Cuman cavalry - LH(F) @ 4AP 0-6
Handgunners - Sk(O) @ 3AP 0-2
Guns - Art (I) @ 5 AP 0-1
Wagon fortress - FO @ 2AP 0-24
Lithuanian allies: Lithuanian or Samogitian [ treat as sub general ]
Only 1440 to 1444
Hungarian allies: List: Hungarian
After 1484
Moldavian allies: List: Wallachian and Moldavian
This list covers the armies of the Kingdom of Poland joined by marriage in the previous century and by force in
1430. Poland fought two wars that broke the power of the Teutonic Knights and in wars with the German Empire,
and Ottomans. Commanders of Lithuanian contingents are classed as ally-generals of the same nation as the Poles.
All Lithuanians must be in such a contingent if more than 6 elements are fielded. The Lithuanian list is used to
determine the composition of such contingents even after 1435.
LITHUANIAN OR SAMOGITIAN 1400-1435, GRAND DUCHY LITHUANIA TO 1493
Cold. Ag 2. WW, Rv, H(G), Wd, RGo, M, Rd, BUA
C-in-C LH(O) @ 25AP or Si(O)@ 28AP 1
Sub-general - as above 1-2
Lithuanian or Samogitian cavalry - LH(O) @ 5 AP 20-60
Upgrade Lithuanian or Samogitian cavalry to Si(O)@ 8AP 0-1/3
Lithuanian or Samogitian spearmen - Wb(I) @3AP * 4-16
Lithuanian or Samogitian archers - Sk(I) @ 2AP or Bw(I) @3AP * 4-10
Wagon Laager, abatis, or plashed wood edge - FO@ 2AP 0-8
Only Lithuanian
Russian ally general Si(S)@ 10AP 1
Russian cavalry - up to 1/4 Si(S)@ 10AP, remainder Si(O) @ 8AP **6-12
Russian archers - Bw(I) @ 3AP 0-4
Russian spearmen - Pk(I) @ 3AP 0-2
Tartar exile settlers - LH(S)@ 7AP 0-6
Bombards - Art(S) 15AP if immobile, 25 AP if mobile. 0-2
Polish allies: List: Polish [ Treat general as sub general ]
Only Lithuanian 1419 to 1475AD:
Crim Tartar allies: List: Golden Horde and Successors
Only Lithuanian rebels in 1435AD:
Hussite War-wagons - WWg(O) @ 10AP 0-6
Mixed flailmen and halbrediers- Bd(I) @ 5 AP 1 per WWg
Bombards - Art(S) 15AP if immobile, 25 AP if mobile. 0-4
Chains to cover gaps between wagons - FO(treat as gateways) @ 4 AP 0-5
Teutonic Knights allies: List: Teutonic Knights
Only Lithuanian after 1435AD:
Upgrade Lithuanian cavalry - up to 1/3 Si(S)@ 10AP, remainder Si(I)@ 5AP 0 to All
Upgrade Lithuanian cavalry to Ln(O) - @ 32AP if a general, Si(S) @ 12AP otherwise 0-6
This list covers the armies of the Samogitians from their revolt from the Teutonic Knights in 1411 to their unification
with Lithuania in 1422 and those of the Lithuanians until their integration into the Kingdom of Poland in 1435 and
then those of the autonomous Grand Duchy to the end of the period. Lithuanian or Samogitian cavalry can always
dismount as Bw(O). Minima marked * apply if any infantry are used. Allied contingents drawn from this list can
include Tartars and need not include infantry. The minimum marked ** applies if any Russian cavalry is used.
RUSSIAN 1400-1493
Cold. Ag 1. Rv, Wd, M, BUA Max Cx4
C-in-C - Si(O)@ 28AP 1
Sub-general - Si(O)@ 28AP or Si(I)@ 25AP 1-2
Dvor - Si(O) @ 8AP 4-8
Boyars, their retainers and deti boyarski - Si(I) @ 5AP 2-4 per Si(O)
Tartars - LH(S)@ 7AP 0-6
Cossack light horse - LH(F)@ 4AP 0-6
Town militia spearmen - Pk(I) @ 3AP * 4-8
Town militia archers - Bw(I) @ 3AP * 4-8
Cossack foot - Sk(I) 2AP 0-8
Peasants - Hd(F)@ 1AP 0-2
Gullay Gorod - PO 1AP 0-12
Pischali - Art(I) @ 5AP 0-2
Cossack chaika - Bts(O)@ 2AP 0-4
Muskovy only after 1480AD:
Upgrade Militia archers to handgunners - Sk(O)@ 3AP or Sh(I)@ 4AP 0-4
Upgrade Cossack foot to handgunners - Sk(O)@ 3AP or Sh(F)@ 6AP 0-8
Puchka - Art(S) @ 25AP 0-1
This list covers the armies of the Russian principalities and republics. All but the Republic of Pskov and the
Principality of Raizan were united under Ivan III of Muskovy in 1480. He then threw off the rule of the Mongols
and was still expanding at the expense of Lithuania at the end of the period. Minima marked * apply only if Republic
of Novgorod or Pskov or any infantry are used or after 1468.
GOLDEN HORDE AND SUCCESORS 1400-1493
Max Cx4
Cold, Ag 2. Rv, H(G), RGo. Golden Horde only: Wd, BUA. Crimean Khanate only: WW, H(S), BUA
C-in-C - Si(S)@ 30AP 1
Sub-generals - Si(S)@ 30AP or LH(S)@ 27AP 0-2
Tartar heavy cavalry - up to 1/2 Si(S)@ 10AP, remainder Si(O)@ 8AP 1-16
Tartar light cavalry - LH(S)@ 7AP 13-40
Bessermeni - Bw(I)@3AP 0-8
Golden Horde only:
Cuman cavalry - LH(F)@ 4AP 8-12
Upgrade Cuman LH(F) to LH(S)@ 7AP Any
Alan, Circassian, Burta, Modvin or Karburdian cavarly - LH(S)@ 7AP 2-8
Italian " Fryazei" crossbowmen - Bw(O)@5AP 0-2
Naffatun - Sk(X)@ 8AP 0-2
Boats - Bts(O)@ 2AP[Bw] 0-4
Russian subject allies: List: Russian * Up to 2 contingents, each 0-13
Golden Horde to 1429 or Crimean Khanate:
Armen - Bw(O)@4AP 0-4
Only Golden Horde to 1444 or Khanate of Kazan:
Siberian Tribesmen: Wb(O)@ 4AP 0-4
Only Crimean Khanate after 1475AD:
Ottoman allies: List: Ottoman
This list covers the Golden Horde to the end of the period with its break away Khanates of Crimea (1430),
Kazan (1445) and Astrakhan ( 1466). The Crimean Khanate became a vassal of the Lithuanians and then the
Ottomans in 1475AD. The Crimean Khanate destroyed the remnant of the Golden Horde in 1502.
* Only one Russian subject ( Raizan) after 1480.
HUSSITES 1419-1434 AD, 1464-71 AD
Cold. Ag 1. H(G), Wd, RGo, Rd, BUA.
C-in-C - Bd(O)@ 27AP OR Ln(O)@ 32AP 1
Sub general - Ln (F) @ 31AP or Ln (O)@ 32AP or WWg(O) @ 32AP 0-2
Mounted scouts with crossbows - LH(F) @ 3 AP 0-4
War-wagons manned by crossbowmen and handgunners or with light guns - WWg(O) @ 10AP 11-22
Mixed flailmen and halbrediers- Bd(I) @ 5 AP 1 per WWg
Bombards - Art(S) @ 10AP, 25AP if mobile. 0-4
Ditch to cover front of war wagons and troops between them - FO @ 2AP 0-60
Chains to cover gaps between wagons - FO(treat as gateways) @ 4 AP 0-23
ONLY AFTER 1420AD:
Hussite cavalry - Ln(F) @ 11AP 0-8
ONLY AFTER 1422 AD:
Upgrade Hussite cavalry including nobles to Ln(O) @ 12AP 0-2
Upgrade Bd(I) to Bd(O) @ 7AP Any
ONLY FROM 1421AD TO 1431AD:
Polish allies - List Later Polish
This list covers the Hussite armies from the beginning of their revolt under Jan Ziska to the defeat of the radical
Taborites by the nobles and Ultraquists. It also covers the later Crusade against Georg Podiebrad the "Hussite
King", by King Mattias Corvinus of Hungary.
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