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OTTOMAN 1400-1493

This list covers the Ottomans from their war against Tumir, their recovery of lost territories and expansion into the Balkans, Aegean and Anatolia, to the beginning of their first war against the Mamaluks at the end of the period.

HUNGARIAN 1400-1493:

Between 1442 and 1490 the Hungarians had a professional mostly mercenary army that held back the Turks for 50 years and fear of them held them back a generation after the greed of the nobles and the weakness of Ladislas IV disbanded them in 1490. Items marked * are part of the Black Army that was disbanded after 1490, and should not be used after that date. Szekler military service was gradually to be eliminated after 1490. Wallachian or Serbian allies were treacherous on the field and turned on the Hungarians; Poles and Moldavians did not.

WALLACHIAN AND MOLDAVINAN 1400-1493

Wallachia wavered between independence supported by Hungary and being a vassal of the Ottoman Turks from 1415 to 1476, when after the death of Vlad Tepes (Vlad the Impaler) they finally submitted to the Turks. Moldavia was a vassal of Lithuania and then Poland but won its independence that lasted into the next century (1504). Wallachians cannot use Ottomans with Hungarian or Moldavian allies. Moldavians cannot use Poles with Ottomans and Crim Tartars.

SERBIAN OR BOSNIAN 1400-1499

This list includes the Serbian vassal kingdom, their revolt from the Ottomans in 1439 until Serbian independence was crushed in 1459 . Also the Bosnian states of Bosnia and Herzegovina until the Turkish conquest in 1463 and 1483, and the Serbian principality of Zeta (Montenegro) conquered in 1499. * Must be used if more than 3 Bosnian elements used. Bosnians may not use Serb elements except as allies and then not after 1459. Zeta cannot use Bosnian allies after 1483.

ALBANIA 1400-1430AD and 1443-1479AD

This list includes the Albanian kingdom, until its conquest by the Ottomans, then from its revolt from the Ottomans under John Castriot "Scanderbeg" in 1443 until its independence was crushed in 1479. Neapolitans are troops sent by Alfonso of Aragon who was king of Naples.

NAVARESE PRINCIPALITY OF ACHAIA 1400-1430

This list covers the Principality of Achaia, seized by the Navarese Company in the previous century until its Fall to the Despotate of Morea. Minima marked * apply only if any free company elements or more than 4 Gascon elements are used, those marked ** only if any Italians used. A free company ally general can only command Gascons.

MOREAN BYZANTINE 1400-1460

This list covers the semi independent Byzantine Despotate of Morea until its fall to the Turks. The minimum marked * applies if more than 12 Albanian elements are used. Burgundians can always dismount as Bd(S).

TRAPAZUNTINE BYZANTINE 1400-1461

This list covers the independent Byzantine "Empire of Trebizond" until it fell to the Turks. The army was small and poorly equipped but with a fearsome reputation. It relied on alliances with local Georgian and Turkish rulers to preserve their independence, but were no match alone for the Ottomans invasion in 1461. Substantial armies cannot be fielded without allies.

GEORGIAN or CIRCASSIAN 1400-1493

This list covers the competing Georgian kingdoms, no unified kingdom existed except for brief nominal reunions, so large forces were coalitions of temperamental rival kings.

TUMIRID 1400-1493

This list covers the Empire of Tumir, which attacked the Mamaluks, Jalayarids and Ottomans, in the early 1400's, and the successor states it fragmented into that were involved in wars with the Black and White Sheep Turkoman and Mamaluks over Azerbaijan and Iraq. Non Tumirid troops can be commanded by a sub general, or an ally general of their own nationality. Timurid cavalry can always dismount to fight on foot as Bw. Persian of Georgian ally generals can command only troops of their own nationality and Turkomens.

MAMALUK EGYPTIAN 1400-1493

This list covers the Mamaluk wars with the Black Sheep Turkoman and the Tumirids over Kurdistan and Asia Minor, the invasions of Cyprus and Rhodes and war with the Ottomans at the end of the period. Turkomen and Bedouin cannot be in the same command.

JALAYARID 1400-1401, 1405-1410

This list covers the Jalayarid Mongol state from its revolt against Tumir, its refoundation in 1405 until it was absorbed by the Black Sheep Turks.

BLACK SHEEP AND WHITE SHEEP TURKOMAN 1400-1469 or 1493

This list covers the Turcoman confederacies that succeeded the Jalayirids in eastern Anatolia, Azerbaijan and Iraq, established after Tumir's invasion at the beginning of the century. Allied contingents drawn from this list need not include otherwise compulsory infantry.

MONGOL 1440-1493

This list covers the Uzbeks that broke from the Golden Horde, the eastern Cheibnid Khanate until it broke up, and the various Khirgiz and Kazak hordes that succeeded it. Uzbeks were sometimes allies of later Tumirid emirates.

ANATOLIAN TURKOMAN 1402-1493

This list covers the Turkoman emirates, most already conquered by the Ottomans, from their reconstitution by Tumir in 1402 until their reconquest by the Ottomans. The coastal emirate Saruhan, falling in 1405 Aydin and Menteshe falling in 1426. Inland emirates took longer Kastamonu (1461). Karaman (1468) , Dulgadir survived until 1515 with the aid of the Mamaluks.