|
[MORMONISM. The Faith of the Twenty-first Century. Volume 1. Edward K. Watson. (Liahona Publications. Copyright © 1998 Edward K. Watson.) pp. 291-319. MORMONISM: Section 2, Part 3, Chapter 1. All rights reserved.]
CHAPTER 1
JESUS CHRIST IS JEHOVAH
SUBJECT
|
OLD TESTAMENT
|
NEW TESTAMENT
|
1.I AM
|
Ex 3:14/Deut 32:39/ Isa 41:4/Isa 43:10/Isa 46:4
|
John 8:58/John 8:24, 28/John 13:19/John 18:5-8
|
2.SAVIOR
|
Hos 13:4/Isa 43:11
|
Luke 2:11/Acts 4:10-12 / 1 Jn 4:14-15
|
3.REDEEMER
|
Isa 43:14/Isa 44:24/ Isa 49:26 / Isa 54:5
|
Gal 3:13/ Eph 1:7/ Col 1:13-14 / Tit 2:13-14
|
4.PIERCED
|
Zech 12:10
|
John 19:34-37 / Rev 1:7
|
5.FIRST/LAST
|
Isa 44:6/Isa 48:12
|
Rev 1:8,17-18 / Rev 22:12-16
|
6.CREATOR
|
Gen 2:4/Job 38:1-4/Ps 8:1-3/Ps 102: 25/Isa 44:24/Isa 45:11-12/ Isa 66:2
|
John 1:1,3,10,14/Col 1:13-17 / Heb 1:10
|
7.HUSBAND / GROOM
|
Isa 54:5/Isa 62:5/Jer 3:1-2 /Hos 2:16
|
Luke 5:34-35/Rev 19:7-8 /Rev 21:9
|
8.SENDS PROPHETS
|
2 Kng 17:13/2 Chr 36:15-16
|
Matt 23:34
|
9.SAVES FROM DEATH
|
Hos 13:14
|
1 Cor 15:20-22
|
10.JUDGE
|
1 Chr 16:33/Ps 9:7/Ps 50:6 /Ps 96:13
|
Matt 16:27/John 5:22 /2 Cor 5:10
|
11.SHEPHERD
|
Ps 23:1/Ezek 34:11-16
|
John 10:14-16/1 Pet 2:25 /1 Pet 5:4
|
12.LORD OF LORDS
|
Deut 10:17/Ps 136:3
|
1 Tim 6:14-15/Rev 17:14/ Rev 19:13-16
|
13.EVERY KNEE SHALL BOW UNTO HIM
|
Isa 45:23
|
Phil 2:10-11
|
14.SEEN BY ISAIAH
|
Isa 6:1-10
|
John 12:39-41/John 1:18
|
15.PRECEDED BY VOICE IN THE DESERT
|
Isa 40:3-9 / Mal 3:1
|
Matt 3:3,11-12/ Matt 11:10/ Luke 1:76 /Luke 3:4-6/ Luke 7:27 /John 1:6-8,15-36
|
16.CALL UPON HIS NAME
|
Ps 99:6/Ps 116:13,17/ Isa 12:4/Joel 2:32/ Zeph 3:9/ Zech 13:8-9
|
Acts 7:59/Acts 9:5,13-14,17,21 /Rom 10:9,13/1 Cor 1:2/ Rev 22:20
|
17.ROCK
|
Ex 13:21-22/Deut 32:3-4/ Ps 62:6-7/Ps 118:22/Isa 8:13-14
|
Acts 4:10-12/Rom 9:33 /1 Cor 10:1-4/ 1 Pet 2:4-8
|
18.HOLY ONE
|
Isa 43:14-15/Hos 11:9/Hab 1:12
|
Mark 1:24/Acts 3:14 /1 Jn 2:20
|
19.OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS
|
Jer 23:5-6
|
1 Cor 1:30
|
20.GATHERS LIKE A HEN GATHERS HER CHICKS
|
Ps 31:20/Ps 32:7/Ps 57:1/Ps 91:1-10 / Isa 31:5
|
Matt 23:37-38/ Luke 13:34-35
|
21.HIS BREATH SLAYS THE WICKED
|
Job 4:9/Isa 11:4
|
2 Th 2:8
|
22.WILL RETURN WITH HIS HOLY ONES
|
Zech 14:5 / Deut 33:2
|
Jude 1:14 /1 Tim 6:14 /2 Tim 4:1 /Tit 2:13 / 1 Th 3:13
|
23.PRESERVES ALL THINGS
|
Neh 9:6 / Ps 148:5-6
|
Col 1:17/Heb 1:3
|
24.GONE UP/COME DOWN WITH A SHOUT, WITH
TRUMPETS BLARING
|
Ps 47:5
|
1 Th 4:16
|
25.THOU SHALT NOT TEMPT THE LORD THY GOD
|
Deut 6:16
|
Matt 4:7 / 1 Cor 10:9
|
26.WALKS ON THE SEA
|
Job 9:8
|
Matt 14:25-33/Mark 6:48-51/John 6:19-21
|
27. CALMS WIND AND WAVES
|
Ps 65:5-8
|
Matt 8:23-27
|
28.DAY OF THE LORD
|
Isa 2:12/Jer 46:10/ Ezek 30:3/Joel 1:15/ Obad 1:15/ Zeph 1:7, 14/Mal 4:5
|
Acts 2:20/1 Cor 1:7-8/1 Cor 5:5/2 Cor 1:14/1 Th 5:2 /2 Pet 3:10
|
29.HIS THRONE IS FOREVER
|
Ps 45:6-7
|
Heb 1:8-9
|
30.LAID EARTH’S FOUNDATION
|
Ps 102:24-27
|
Heb 1:10-12
|
31.RECEIVES OUR SPIRITS
|
Ps 31:5
|
Acts 7:59
|
32.ANGELS WORSHIP HIM
|
Deut 32:43 LXX/Ps 97:7 LXX
|
Heb 1:6
|
33.JESUS IS PERFECT - Matt 5:48/Heb 2:10/Heb 5:9/Heb 7:28
|
34.JESUS IS EQUAL TO THE FATHER - John 14:16/John 15:26/John 1:1/ 5:18-19/ 17:4-5/ 2 Cor 8:9/Gal 4:4/Phil 2:5-6 /Heb 1:3 / 2:14-18
|
35.JESUS HAS ALL THINGS - Matt 11:27/Matt 28:18/John 3:35/John 13:3/John 16:15 / John 17:10/ 1 Cor 15:24-28/Heb 1:2
|
Jehovah’s Witnesses and others deny Jesus being Jehovah (YHWH) but the concept is interwoven throughout the Bible. This chart clearly shows the unity in personage of the OT Jehovah (YHWH) with the NT Jesus. It is not possible for them to be two separate beings.
The first column and the first thirty-two subjects contain characteristics of Jehovah and the second column shows where in the OT it is mentioned as pertaining to Jehovah alone. The third column shows that these same topics were referred to Jesus Christ and to him alone.
One can’t help but notice that a detailed examination of these passages concerning Jesus and Jehovah unmistakably show they are the same being. The NT writers repeatedly used OT passages that referred to Jehovah and applied them to the person of Jesus Christ.
The last three subjects deal with the idea that Christ is subordinate to the Father in the sense that he is an inferior god instead of being equal to him in nature, power, attributes and ability.
Biblical passages that prove Jesus Christ and YHWH (Jehovah) are the same being:
(1) I AM:
Ex 3:14 And God said unto Moses, I AM that I AM: and he said, thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, I AM hath sent me unto you. / Deut 32:39 See now that I, even I, am he, and there is no god with me: I kill, and I make alive; I wound, and I heal: neither is there any that can deliver out of my hand. / Isa 41:4 Who hath wrought and done it, calling the generations from the beginning? I the LORD, the first, and with the last; I am he. / Isa 43:10 Ye are my witnesses, saith the LORD, and my servant whom I have chosen: that ye may know and believe me, and understand that I am he: before me there was no God formed, neither shall there be after me. / Isa 46:4 And even to your old age I am he; and even to hoar hairs will I carry you: I have made, and I will bear; even I will carry, and will deliver you.
- John 8:58 Jesus saith unto them, verily, verily, I say unto you, before Abraham was, I AM. / John 8:24,28 I said therefore unto you, that ye shall die in your sins: for if ye believe not that I am he, ye shall die in your sins ... Then said Jesus unto them, When ye have lifted up the Son of man, then shall ye know that I am he, and that I do nothing of myself; but as my Father hath taught me, I speak these things. / John 13:19 Now I tell you before it come, that, when it is come to pass, ye may believe that I am he. / John 18:5-8 They answered him, Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus saith unto them, I am he. And Judas also, which betrayed him, stood with them. As soon then as he had said unto them, I am he, they went backward, and fell to the ground. Then asked he them again, Whom seek ye? And they said, Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus answered, I have told you that I am he: if therefore ye seek me, let these go their way.
The term I AM (in Hebrew, Ani Hu and in the LXX and in Greek it is, Ego Eimi) found repeatedly in John and mentioned in other NT books, is the same used in Exodus,1 Deuteronomy and Isaiah which is the primary name of Jehovah. In other words, Jesus himself said he was Jehovah, and referred to himself as Jehovah which explains why these Jews wanted to kill him for blasphemy. It isn't possible to deny John's frequent emphasis on Jesus' statement of being “I AM” to be other than Jesus claiming he was YHWH or God. This is why the mob collapsed when Jesus said “I Am he” [Ego Eimi] because of the overpowering force of the term (also see D&C 29:1; 38:1; 39:1).2
There are other passages that mention God's name as the “I AM” (Isa 43:25; 51:12; 52:6). A comparison of Mark 6:48-50/John 6:20 (where Jesus identifies himself as “it is I” [ego eimi] while he was going to “pass them”) with Ex 33:19-22 LXX and 1 Kng 19:11 (where Jehovah, the “I AM” [ego eimi] “passed” by [paralambanÇ] these prophets)3 shows Mark and John's intent of identifying Jesus with Jehovah.
The usage of “Ego Eimi” in the NT, especially in the Gospel of John shows how important the term is in Johannine theology concerning the person of Jesus Christ, where it is used four times as a title (John 8:24,28,58; 13:19) without any predicate whatsoever and eight times (John 6:20; 8:24,28,58; 13:19; 18:5-6,8) in an absolute sense.4 John repeatedly sees profound implications in Jesus' usage of “Ego Eimi.”5 Christ's referring to himself as the “I AM” clearly, and unmistakably shows he viewed himself as the Jehovah of the OT. No Israelite prophet or priest [in other words, mere human] would dare apply the “I AM” name of God to himself.6
Also compare Deut 32:39's “I kill, and I make alive; I wound, and I heal: neither is there any that can deliver out of my hand” with John 10:28's “I give unto them eternal life; and they shall never perish, neither shall any [man] pluck them out of my hand.” Jesus gives eternal life, which is contrasted with death. No one snatches those in the hand of Jesus which is identical with how Jehovah describes those in his hand. If we don't believe Jesus is “I AM” (Jehovah); we will die in our sins (John 8:24).7
(2) SAVIOR:
Isa 43:11 I, even I, am the LORD; and beside me there is no Savior. / Hos 13:4 Yet I am the LORD thy God from the land of Egypt, and thou shalt know no god but me: for there is no Savior beside me.
- Luke 2:11 For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Savior, which is Christ the Lord. / Acts 4:10-12 Be it known unto you all, and to all the people of Israel, that by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom ye crucified, whom God raised from the dead, even by him doth this man stand here before you whole. This is the stone which was set at nought of you builders, which is become the head of the corner. neither is there salvation in any other: for there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved. / 1 Jn 4:14-15 And we have seen and do testify that the Father sent the Son to be the Savior of the world. Whosoever shall confess that Jesus is the Son of God, God dwelleth in him, and he in God.
In the OT there is only one Savior, which is Jehovah; and in the NT there is only one Savior, Jesus Christ. Does this mean there are actuall y two Saviors, (which would be against the Bible's teachings) or should it mean there is only one but known by two names during different times?
(3) REDEEMER:
Isa 43:14 Thus saith the LORD, your redeemer, the Holy One of Israel; for your sake I have sent to Babylon, and have brought down all their nobles, and the Chaldeans whose cry is in the ships. / Isa 44:24 Thus saith the LORD thy redeemer, and he that formed thee from the womb, I am the LORD that maketh all things; that stretcheth forth the heavens alone; that spreadeth abroad the earth by myself. / Isa 49:26 And I will feed them that oppress thee with their own flesh; and they shall be drunken with their own blood, as with sweet wine: and all flesh shall know that I the LORD am thy Savior and thy Redeemer, the mighty One of Jacob. / Isa 54:5 For thy Maker is thine husband; the LORD of Hosts is his name; and thy Redeemer the Holy One of Israel; the God of the whole earth shall he be called.
- Gal 3:13 Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: for it is written, Cursed is everyone that hangeth on a tree. / Eph 1:7 In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace./ Col 1:13-14 Who has delivered us from the power of darkness, and has translated us into the kingdom of his dear Son: In whom we have redemption through his blood, even the forgiveness of sins. / Tit 2:13-14 Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Savior Jesus Christ; who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify unto himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works.
In the OT, Jehovah was the Redeemer and in the NT Jesus Christ is the Redeemer. God doesn't change. Jesus has to be Jehovah.
(4) PIERCED:
Zech 12:10 And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplications: and they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his firstborn.
- John 19:34-37 But one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and forthwith came there out blood and water. And he that saw it bear record, and his record is true: and he knoweth that he saith true, that ye might believe. For these things were done, that the scripture should be fulfilled, a bone of him shall not be broken. And again another scripture saith, they shall look on him whom they pierced. / Rev 1:7 Behold, he cometh with clouds; and every eye shall see h im, and they [also] which pierced him: and all kindreds of the earth shall wail because of him. Even so, Amen.
Zechariah mentions they shall look on Jehovah whom they pierced, and John says this being was Jesus Christ. John even mentions that the y recorded this incident in order for that scripture to be fulfilled.
(5) FIRST/LAST:
Isa 44:6 Thus saith the LORD the King of Israel, and his redeemer the LORD of hosts; I am the first, and I am the last; and beside me there is no God. / Isa 48:12 Hearken unto me, O Jacob and Israel, my called: I am he; I am the first, I also am the last.
- Rev 1:8,17-18 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty ... And when I saw him, I fell at his feet as dead. And he laid his right hand upon me, saying unto me, Fear not: I am the first and the last: I am he that liveth, and was dead: and, behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen; and have the keys of hell and of death. / Rev 22:12-16 And, behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his work shall be. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last. Blessed [are] they that do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city. For without [are] dogs, and sorcerers, and whoremongers, and murderers, and idolaters, and whosoever loveth and maketh a lie. I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things in the churches.
Jehovah calls himself the First and the Last in Isaiah. We can clearly see that the term “First and Last” refers to only one being - Jehovah, who states, “beside me there is no God.” In Revelations, the First and Last (Jehovah) is the one who was once dead but now lives forevermore. In fact, Rev 22:16 mentions his name, w hich is, “Jesus.” Therefore, Jesus Christ was Jehovah before he was born of Mary. Jesus and Jehovah are clearly one and the same being (Rev 21:3-7). The Latter-day Scriptures also refer to Jesus as the Alpha/Omega or the First/Last (Alma 11:39; 3 Ne 9:18; D&C 19:1; 35:1; 38:1; 45:7; 54:1; 61:1; 63:60; 68:35; 75:1; 81:7; 84:120; 95:17; 110:4; 112:34; 132:66).
(6) CREATOR:
Gen 2:4 These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens. / Job 38:1-4 Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said, Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge? Gird up now thy loins like a man; for I will demand of thee, and answer thou me. Where was thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? Declare, if thou hast understanding. / Ps 8:1-3 O LORD our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth! who hast set thy glory above the heavens. Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings hast thou ordained strength because of thine enemies, that thou mightest still the enemy and the avenger. When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained; / Ps 102:25 Of old hast thou laid the foundation of the earth: and the heavens are the work of thy hands./ Isa 44:24 Thus saith the LORD, thy redeemer, and he that f ormed thee from the womb, I am the LORD that maketh all things; that stretcheth forth the heavens alone; that spreadeth abroad the earth by myself. / Isa 45:11-12 Thus saith the LORD, the Holy One of Israel, and his Maker. Ask me of things to come concerning my sons, and concerning the works of my hands command ye me. I have made the earth, and created man upon it: I, even my hands, have stretched out the heavens, and all their host have I commanded. / Isa 66:2 For all those things hath mine hand made, and all those things have been, saith the LORD: but to this man will I look, even to him that is poor and of a contrite spirit, and trembleth at my word.
- John 1:1,3,10,14 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God ... All things were made by him and without him was not anything made that was made ... He was in the world and the world was made by him, and the world knew him not ... And the Word was made flesh and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth. / Col 1:13-17 Who has delivered us from the power of darkness, and hath translated us into the kingdom of his dear Son: in whom we have redemption through his blood, even the forgiveness of sins: Who is the image of the invisible God the firstborn of every creature: For by him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: All things were created by him and for him: and he is before all things and by him all things consist. / Heb 1:10 And, Thou, Lord, in the beginning hast laid the foundation of the earth; and the heavens are the works of thine hands.
In the OT, Jehovah created all things and it was his hands that stretched out the heavens. The NT shows that being was Jesus Christ.
Jehovah didn't order Jesus Christ because Jehovah was the one who did the work (“ ... even my hands, have stretched out the heavens ... ”).8
Christ was the one who did the work of the creation according to John 1:1-14; Rom 11:32-36; 1 Cor 8:6; Col 1:13-17; Eph 3:9; Heb 1:2,10; 2:10 & 11:3 (Also see Mos 7:37,40; Abr 3:21). Prov 16:4 says Jehovah created all things for himself and Col 1:16 says Jesus created all things for himself. Jesus is Jehovah.
(7) HUSBAND/ GROOM:
Isa 54:5 For thy maker is thine husband; the LORD of hosts is his name; and thy Redeemer the Holy One of Israel; the God of the whole earth shall he be called. / Isa 62:5 For [as] a young man marrieth a virgin, [so] shall thy sons marry thee: and [as] the bridegroom rejoiceth over the bride, [so] shall thy God rejoice over thee. / Jer 3:1-2 THEY say, If a man put away his wife, and she go from him, and become another man's, shall he return unto her again? shall not that land be greatly polluted? but thou hast played the harlot with many lovers; yet return again to me, saith the LORD. Lift up thine eyes unto the high places, and see where thou hast not been lien with. In the ways hast thou sat for them, as the Arabian in the wilderness; and thou hast polluted the land with thy whoredoms and with thy wickedness. / Hos 2:16 And it shall be at that day, saith the LORD, [that] thou shalt call me Ishi [husband]; and shalt call me no more Baali.
- Luke 5:34-35 And he said unto them, can ye make the children of the bridechamber fast, while the bridegroom is with them? But the days will come, when the bridegroom shall be taken away from them, and then shall they fast in those days. / Rev 19:7-8 Let us be glad and rejoice, and give honour to him: for the marriage of the Lamb is come, and his wife hath made herself ready. And to her it was granted that she should be arrayed in fine linen, clean and white: for the fine linen is the righteousness of the saints. / Rev 21:9 And there came unto me one of the seven angels which had the seven vials full of the seven last plagues, and talked with me, saying, Come hither, I will shew thee the bride, the Lamb's wife.
In the OT, Jehovah is the husband or bridegroom of his people with Israel as his wife or bride (also see Isa 49:18; 50:1; 54:1-8; 61:10; Jer 31:32; Ezek 16:8,32,38); and in the NT, Jesus Christ is the husband or bridegroom of his people with the church and Jerusalem as his bride (also see Matt 22:1-14; Mark 2:19-20; Rom 7:4; 2 Cor 11:2; Eph 5:22-32; Rev 21:2; 22:17). Does the Wife have two Husbands? Is the Bride marrying two Grooms? Jesus is the only possible husband of the church (2 Cor 11:2; D&C 58:11). It's obviou s, Jesus is really Jehovah.
(8) SENDS PROPHETS:
2 Kng 17:13 Yet the LORD testified against Israel, and against Judah, by all the prophets, and by all the seers, saying, Turn ye from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets. / 2 Chr 36:15-16 And the LORD God of their fathers sent to them by his messengers, rising up betimes, and sending; because he had compassion on his people, and on his dwelling place: But they mocked the messengers of God, and despised his words, and misused his prophets, until the wrath of the LORD arose against his people, till there was no remedy.
- Matt 23:34 Wherefore, behold, I send unto you prophets, and wise men, and scribes: and some of them ye shall kill and crucify; and some of them ye shall scourge in your synagogues, and persecute them from city to city.
Who sends prophets to Israel to call them to repentance? According to the OT, Jehovah did but according to Jesus, he does. S ince Jesus never said Jehovah told him to call the prophets, it is obvious that Jehovah and Jesus are the same being.
(9) SAVES FROM DEATH:
Hos 13:14 I will ransom them from the power of the grave; I will redeem them from death: O death, I will be thy plagues, O grave, I will be thy destruction: repentance shall be hid from mine eyes.
- 1 Cor 15:20-22 But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the firstfruits of them that slept. For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive.
In the OT, Jehovah reclaims men from death. And in the NT we find that it is Jesus who reclaims men from death. Jesus is Jehovah. Because of his resurrection, he broke the bands of death and as a result, all will be resurrected.
(10) JUDGE:
1 Chr 16:33 Then shall the trees of the wood sing out at the presence of the LORD because he cometh to judge the earth. / Ps 9:7 But the LORD shall endure forever: He hath prepared his throne for judgment. / Ps 50:6 And the heavens shall declare his righteousness: for God himself is Judge. Selah. / Ps 96:12-13 Let the field be joyful, and all that is therein: then shall all the trees of the woods rejoice Before the LORD: for he cometh, for he cometh to judge the earth: he shall judge the world with righteousness, and the people with his truth.
- Matt 16:27 For the Son of man shall come in the glory of his Father with his angels; and then he shall reward every man according to his works. / John 5:22 for the Father judgeth no man, but hath committed all judgement unto the Son. / 2 Cor 5:10 For we must all appear before the judgement seat of Christ; that every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad.
In the OT, Jehovah was the judge of all the earth and in the NT it is Jesus Christ who will judge the earth (2 Tim 4:1) but will allow his followers to co-judge with him (Matt 19:28; 1 Cor 6:2-3; Rev 20:4; 1 Ne 12:9-10).9 It's quite apparent that Jesus Christ and Jehovah are the same being.
(11) SHEPHERD:
Ps 23:1 The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want. / Ezek 34:11-16 For thus saith the LORD God; Behold, I, even I, will both search my sheep, and seek them out. As a shepherd seeketh out his flock in the day that he is among his sheep that are scattered; so will I seek out my sheep, and will deliver them out of all places where they have been scattered in the cloudy and dark day. And I will bring them out from the people, and gather them from the countries, and will bring them to their own land, and feed them upon the mountains of Israel by the rivers, and in all the inhabited places of the country. I will feed them in a good pasture, and upon the high mountains of Israel shall their fold be: there shall they lie in a good fold, and in a fat pasture shall they feed upon the mountains in Israel. I will feed my flock, and I will cause them to lie down, saith the LORD God. I will seek that which was lost and bring again that which was driven away, and will bind up that which was broken, and will strengthen that which was sick: but I will destroy the fat and the strong; I will feed them with judgement.
-John 10:14-16 I am the good shepherd, and know my sheep, and am known of mine. As the Father knoweth me, even so know I the Father: and I lay down my life for the sheep. And other sheep I have which are not of this fold: them also I must bring, and they shall hear my voice; and there shall be one fold and one shepherd. / 1 Pet 2:25 For ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls. / 1 Pet 5:4 And when the chief Shepherd shall appear, ye shall receive a crown of glory that fadeth not away.
The only Shepherd of the OT was Jehovah and the only Shepherd in the NT is Jesus (also see D&C 50:44) who appointed other shepherds beneath him (1 Pet 5:2). Jesus is definitely Jehovah.
(12) LORD OF LORDS:
Deut 10:17 For the LORD your God is God of gods, and Lord of lords, a great God, a mighty, and a terrible, which regardeth not persons, nor taketh reward. / Ps 136:3 O give thanks to the Lord of lords: for his mercy [endureth] for ever.
-1 Tim 6:14-15 That thou keep [this] commandment without spot, unrebukeable, until the appearing of our Lord Jesus Christ: Which in his times he shall shew, [who is] the blessed and only Potentate, the King of kings, and Lord of lords. / Rev 17:14 These shall make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb shall overcome them: for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings: and they that are with him are called, and chosen, and faithful. / Rev 19:13-16 And he was clothed with a vesture dipped in blood: and his name is called The Word of God. And the armies which were in heaven followed him upon white horses, clothed in fine linen, white and clean. And out of his mouth goeth a sharp sword, that with it he should smith the nations: and he shall rule them with a rod of iron: and he treadeth the winepress of the fierceness and wrath of Almighty God. And he hath on his vesture and on his thigh a name written, KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS.
Jehovah was the only Lord of Lords and Master [King] of kings (Dan 2:47) mentioned in the OT.10 Jesus is clearly that same in dividual according to the NT.
(13) EVERY KNEE SHALL BOW UNTO HIM:
Isa 45:23 I have sworn by myself, the word is gone out of my mouth in righteousness, and shall not return, That unto me shall every knee bow, every tongue shall swear.
-Phil 2:10-11 That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth; And that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.
In Isaiah, Jehovah said that every one will swear and kneel unto him. In Philippians, Paul used this same idea i n reference to Jesus Christ. It is obvious that Christ was the Jehovah of the OT and he was the one who said that statement in Isaiah or else Paul's teaching would go against the first commandment. (Also see Ex 20:3; Ps 22:27; 81:9; Isa 66:23; Zeph 2:11; Matt 28:17; Acts 24:14; Heb 1:6; Rev 19:10). Jesus was the one who covenanted with the OT Israelites (3 Ne 15:5).
(14) SEEN BY ISAIAH:
Isa 6:1-10 In the year that king Uzziah died I saw also the Lord sitting upon a throne, high and lifted up, and his train filled the temple. Above it stood the seraphims: each one had six wings; with twain he covered his face, and with twain he covered his feet, and with twain he did fly. And one cried unto another, and said, Holy, holy, holy, is the LORD of hosts: the whole earth is full of his glory. And the posts of the door moved at the voice of him that cried, and the house was filled with smoke. Then said I, Woe is me! for I am undone; because I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips: for mine eyes have seen the King, the LORD of hosts. Then flew one of the seraphims unto me, having a live coal in his hand, which he had taken with the tongs from off the altar: And he laid it upon my mouth, and said, Lo, this hath touched thy lips; and thine iniquity is taken away, and thy sin purged. Also I heard the voice of the Lord, saying, Whom shall I send, and who will go for us? Then said I, Here am I; send me. And he said, Go, and tell this people, Hear ye indeed, but understand not; and see ye indeed, but perceive not. Make the heart of this people fat, and make their ears heavy, and shut their eyes; lest they see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and convert, and be healed.
- John 12:39-41 Therefore they could not believe, because that Esaias said again, He hath blinded their eyes, and hardened their heart; that they should not see with their eyes, nor understand with their heart, and be converted, and I should heal them. These things said Esaias, when he saw his glory, and spake of him. / John 1:18 No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him.
Who did Isaiah see? Whose glory did he witness? Isa 6:1-10 is very clear that this being was Jehovah (YHWH). John then referred to this very same passage, and stated that Isaiah saw Jesus Christ's glory and spoke of him. Prior to this John said no one has seen God at any time (John 1:18) but then later says Isaiah saw him. Therefore, John was referring to God the Father in 1:18 and the Jehovah Isaiah saw was the pre-mortal Jesus Christ. Consequently, Jehovah and Jesus are one and the same.
(15) PRECEDED BY VOICE IN THE DESERT:
Isa 40:3-9 The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God. Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low: and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain: And the glory of the LORD shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it. The voice said, Cry. And he said, What shall I cry? All flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field: The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: because the spirit of the LORD bloweth upon it: surely the people is grass. The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the word of our God shall stand for ever. O Zion, that bringest good tidings, get thee up into the high mountain; O Jerusalem, that bringest good tidings, lift up thy voice with strength; lift it up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of Judah, Behold your God! / Mal 3:1 BEHOLD, I will send my messenger, and he shall prepare the way before me: and the Lord, whom ye seek, shall suddenly come to his temple, even the messenger of the covenant, whom ye delight in: behold, he shall come, saith the LORD of hosts.
- Matt 3:3,11-12 For this is he that was spoken of by the prophet Esaias, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight ... I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance: but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire: Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and gather his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire. / Matt 11:10 For this is he, of whom it is written, Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, which shall prepare thy way before thee. / Luke 1:76 And thou, child, shalt be called the prophet of the Highest: for thou shalt go before the face of the Lord to prepare his ways. / Luke 3:4-6 As it is written in the book of the words of Esaias the prophet, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight. Every valley shall be filled, and every mountain and hill shall be brought low; and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough ways shall be made smooth; And all flesh shall see the salvation of God. / Luke 7:27 This is [he], of whom it is written, Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, which shall prepare thy way before thee. / John 1:6-8,15-36 There was a man sent from God, whose name was John. The same came for a witness, to bear witness of the Light, that all men through him might believe. He was not that Light, but was sent to bear witness of that Light ... John bare witness of him, and cried, saying, This was he of whom I spake, He that cometh after me is preferred before me: for he was before me. And of his fulness have all we received, and grace for grace. For the law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came by Jesus Christ. No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him. And this is the record of John, when the Jews sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him, Who art thou? And he confessed, and denied not; but confessed, I am not the Christ. And they asked him, What then? Art thou Elias? And he saith, I am not. Art thou that prophet? And he answered, No. Then said they unto him, Who art thou? that we may give an answer to them that sent us. What sayest thou of thyself? He said, I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make straight the way of the Lord, as said the prophet Esaias. And they which were sent were of the Pharisees. And they asked him, and said unto him, Why baptizest thou then, if thou be not that Christ, nor Elias, neither that prophet? John answered them, saying, I baptize with water: but there standeth one among you, whom ye know not; He it is, who coming after me is preferred before me, whose shoe's latchet I am not worthy to unloose. These things were done in Bethabara beyond Jordan, where John was baptizing. The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. This is he of whom I said, After me cometh a man which is preferred before me: for he was before me. And I knew him not: but that he should be made manifest to Israel, therefore am I come baptizing with water. And John bare record, saying, I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it abode upon him. And I knew him not: but he that sent me to baptize with water, the same said unto me, Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and remaining on him, the same is he which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost. And I saw, and bare record that this is the Son of God. Again the next day after John stood, and two of his disciples; And looking upon Jesus as he walked, he saith, Behold the Lamb of God!
In Isa 40:3-9, there is a voice which precedes Jehovah who announces the coming arrival of Jehovah. This voice alerts the populace to prepare the road (Mark 1:3) so that they will see their God, Jehovah.11 The similarity between Isa 40:9's “Behold your God!” with John 1:36's “Behold the Lamb of God!” isn't accidental with the NT writers intentionally referring to Isa 40:3-9 and explicitly identifying John the Baptist as the preceding announcer. Jesus was the one John was going in front of! John the Baptist specifically identified Jesus as the object of his announcement! Compare Mal 3:1 with Luke 7:27 and John 3:28. The messenger was going to prepare the way before Jehovah and this was John the Baptist (D&C 84:28). Studying the source of the Isaiah passage shows the one being announced, who was following the announcer, was Jehovah! If John really was the preceding announcer who announced the arrival of Jehovah behind him, and the NT identifies the one who followed John as Jesus; there can't be any doubts that Jesus and Jehovah are the same person.
(16) CALL UPON HIS NAME:
Ps 99:6 Moses and Aaron among his priests, and Samuel among them that call upon his name; they called upon the LORD, and he answered them. / Ps 116:13,17 I will take the cup of salvation, and call upon the name of the LORD. / Isa 12:4 And in that day shall ye say, Praise the LORD, call upon his name, declare his doings among the people, make mention that his name is exalted. / Joel 2:32 And it shall come to pass, that whosoever shall call on the name of the LORD shall be delivered: for in mount Zion and in Jerusalem shall be deliverance, as the LORD hath said, and in the remnant whom the LORD shall call. / Zeph 3:9 For then will I turn to the people a pure language, that they may all call upon the name of the LORD, to serve him with one consent. / Zech 13:8-9 And it shall come to pass, that in all the land, saith the LORD, two parts therein shall be cut off and die; but the third shall be left therein. And I will bring the third part through the fire, and will refine them as silver is refined, and will try them as gold is tried: they shall call on my name, and I will hear them: I will say, It is my people: and they shall say, The LORD is my God.
- Acts 7:59 And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit. / Acts 9:5,13-14,17,21 And he said, Who art thou, Lord? And the Lord said, I am Jesus whom thou persecutest: it is hard for thee to kick against the pricks ... Then Ananias answered, Lord, I have heard by many of this man, how much evil he hath done to thy saints at Jerusalem: And here he hath authority from the chief priests to bind all that call on thy name ... And Ananias went his way, and entered into the house; and putting his hands on him said, Brother Saul, the Lord, even Jesus, that appeared unto thee in the way as thou camest, hath sent me, that thou mightest receive thy sight, and be filled with the Holy Ghost ...But all that heard [him] were amazed, and said; Is not this he that destroyed them which called on this name in Jerusalem, and came hither for that intent, that he might bring them bound unto the chief priests? / Rom 10:9,13 That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved ... For whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved. / 1 Cor 1:2 Unto the church of God which is at Corinth, to them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be saints, with all that in every place call upon the name of Jesus Christ our Lord, both theirs and ours. / Rev 22:20 He which testifieth these things saith, Surely I come quickly. Amen. Even so, come, Lord Jesus.
In the OT, the people were calling upon the name of Jehovah (also see Gen 4:26; 12:8; 13:4; Ps 105:1), but in the NT the Christians were calling upon the name of Jesus (also see Acts 22:16; 1 Tim 1:12).
Acts 2:16-21 But this is that which was spoken by the prophet Joel; And it shall come to pass in the last days, saith God, I will pour out of my Spirit upon all flesh: and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and your young men shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams: And on my servants and on my handmaidens I will pour out in those days of my Spirit; and they shall prophesy: And I will shew wonders in heaven above, and signs in the earth beneath; blood, and fire, and vapour of smoke: The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before that great and notable day of the Lord come And it shall come to pass, [that] whosoever shall call on the name of the Lord shall be saved.
Joel 2:28-32 And it shall come to pass afterward, [that] I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions. And also upon the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will I pour out my spirit. And I will shew wonders in the heavens and in the earth, blood, and fire, and pillars of smoke. The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and the terrible day of the LORD come And it shall come to pass, [that] whosoever shall call on the name of the LORD shall be delivered: for in mount Zion and in Jerusalem shall be deliverance, as the LORD hath said, and in the remnant whom the LORD shall call.
According to Peter, we must call upon the name of the Lord. The original quotation in Joel clearly says the name of Jehovah (LORD) but the NT mentions the only name the Christians call upon is Jesus. The name of Jehovah was the means of salvation in the OT and in the NT it was the name of Jesus. They are definitely the same being.
(17) ROCK:
Ex 13:21-22 And the LORD went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; to go by day and night: He took not away the pillar of the cloud by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from before the people. / Deut 32:3-4 Because I will publish the name of the LORD: ascribe ye greatness unto our God. He is the Rock, his work is perfect: for all his ways are judgment: a God of truth and without iniquity, just and right is he. / Ps 62:6-7 He only is my rock and my salvation: he is my defence; I shall not be moved. In God is my salvation and my glory: the rock of my strength, and my refuge, is in God. / Ps 118:22 The stone which the builders refused is become the head stone of the corner. / Isa 8:13-14 Sanctify the LORD of hosts himself; and let him be your fear, and let him be your dread. And he shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and for a rock of offence to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem.
- Acts 4:10-12 Be it known unto you all, and to all the people of Israel, that by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom ye crucified, whom God raised from the dead, even by him doth this man stand here before you whole. This is the stone which was set at nought of you builders, which is become the head of the corner. Neither is there salvation in any other: for there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved. / Rom 9:33 As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed. / 1 Cor 10:1-4 Moreover, brethren, I would not that ye should be ignorant, how that all our fathers were under the cloud, and all passed through the sea; And were all baptized unto Moses in the cloud and in the sea; And did all eat the same spiritual meat; And did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ. / 1 Pet 2:4-8 To whom coming, as unto a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, but chosen of God, and precious, Ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ. Wherefore also it is contained in the scripture, Behold, I lay in Sion a chief corner stone, elect, precious: and he that believeth on him shall not be confounded. Unto you therefore which believe he is precious: but unto them which be disobedient, the stone which the builders disallowed, the same is made the head of the corner, And a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence, even to them which stumble at the word, being disobedient: whereunto also they were appointed.
In the OT, Jehovah guided the Israelites out of Egypt in a cloud and a pillar of fire at night. Jehovah is the “stone of stumbling and the rock of offence” and he is the stone the builders rejected who became the chief corner stone. Jehovah is the Rock who is the only source of salvation. In the NT, all of these terms are used to describe Jesus. Paul even referred to the rabbinical legend of the rock which followed the Israelites in the desert which was the rock Moses struck to give water to the Israelites and said this rock was Jesus Christ.12 Jehovah and Jesus are clearly shown to be the same being.
(18) HOLY ONE:
Isa 43:14-15 Thus saith the LORD, your redeemer, the Holy One of Israel; For your sake I have sent to Babylon, and have brought down all their nobles, and the Chaldeans, whose cry is in the ships. I am the LORD, your Holy One, the creator of Israel, your King. / Hos 11:9 I will not execute the fierceness of mine anger, I will not return to destroy Ephraim: for I am God, and not man; the Holy One in the midst of thee: and I will not enter into the city. / Hab 1:12 Art thou not from everlasting, O LORD my God, mine Holy One? we shall not die. O LORD, thou hast ordained them for judgment; and, O mighty God, thou hast established them for correction.
- Mark 1:24 Saying, Let us alone; what have we to do with thee, thou Jesus of Nazareth? art thou come to destroy us? I know thee who thou art, the Holy One of God. (Luke 4:34) / Acts 3:14 But ye denied the Holy One and the Just, and desired a murderer to be granted unto you. / 1 Jn 2:20 But ye have an unction from the Holy One, and ye know all things.
Jehovah is the Holy One of Israel, there isn't any other Holy One but the NT refers to Jesus as the Holy One. The Scriptures insist on this fact many times (2 Kng 19:22; Job 6:10; Ps 71:22; Isa 1:4; 5:19,24; 10:17,20; Jer 50:29; 51:5; Ezek 39:7; Hab 3:3; Luke 1:35; 4:34; 1 Ne 19:14-15; 2 Ne 6:9-10,15; Alma 5:52-53; Hela 12:2; 3 Ne 22:5; Morm 9:14; D&C 78:15-16; etc.). Jesus and Jehovah are the same being.
(19) OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS:
Jer 23:5-6 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, and a King shall reign and prosper, and shall execute judgment and justice in the earth. In his days Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell safely: and this [is] his name whereby he shall be called, THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS.
- 1 Cor 1:30 But of him are ye in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption.
Jehovah was “our righteousness” in the OT whereas Jesus was “our righteousness” in the NT. They have to be the same being.
(20) GATHERS LIKE A HEN GATHERS HER CHICKS:
Ps 31:20 Thou shalt hide them in the secret of thy presence from the pride of man: thou shalt keep them secretly in a pavilion from the strife of tongues. / Ps 32:7 Thou [art] my hiding place; thou shalt preserve me from trouble; thou shalt compass me about with songs of deliverance. Selah. / Ps 57:1 TO the chief Musician, Altaschith, Michtam of David, when he fled from Saul in the cave. Be merciful unto me, O God, be merciful unto me: for my soul trusteth in thee: yea, in the shadow of thy wings will I make my refuge, until [these] calamities be overpast. / Ps 91:1-10 He that dwelleth in the secret place of the most High shall abide under the shadow of the Almighty. I will say of the LORD, [He is] my refuge and my fortress: my God; in him will I trust. Surely he shall deliver thee from the snare of the fowler, [and] from the noisome pestilence. He shall cover thee with his feathers, and under his wings shalt thou trust: his truth [shall be thy] shield and buckler. Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by night; [nor] for the arrow [that] flieth by day; [Nor] for the pestilence [that] walketh in darkness; [nor] for the destruction [that] wasteth at noonday. A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand; [but] it shall not come nigh thee. Only with thine eyes shalt thou behold and see the reward of the wicked. Because thou hast made the LORD, [which is] my refuge, [even] the most High, thy habitation; There shall no evil befall thee, neither shall any plague come nigh thy dwelling./ Isa 31:5 As birds flying, so will the LORD of hosts defend Jerusalem; defending also he will deliver [it; and] passing over he will preserve it.
- Matt 23:37-38 O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, [thou] that killest the prophets, and stonest them which are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under [her] wings, and ye would not! Behold, your house is left unto you desolate. / Luke 13:34-35 O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, which killest the prophets, and stonest them that are sent unto thee; how often would I have gathered thy children together, as a hen [doth gather] her brood under [her] wings, and ye would not! Behold, your house is left unto you desolate: and verily I say unto you, Ye shall not see me, until [the time] come when ye shall say, Blessed [is] he that cometh in the name of the Lord.
Jehovah is likened to a hen who hides her chicks beneath her wings (cf. 3 Ne 10:4-6; D&C 10:65; 29:2; 43:24). We find safety in the shadows beneath his wings. Failure to hide in the shadows cast by his wings causes destruction and desolation. In the NT, Jesus uses the same imagery and states these Israelites refused to dwell in the shadows his wings made and as a result they will be destroyed and their homes left desolate. It's obvious he considered himself to be Jehovah.
(21) HIS BREATH SLAYS THE WICKED:
Job 4:9 By the blast of God they perish, and by the breath of his nostrils are they consumed. / Isa 11:4 But with righteousness shall he judge the poor, and reprove with equity for the meek of the earth: and he shall smite the earth with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips shall he slay the wicked.
- 2 Th 2:8 And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming:
Jehovah will slay the wicked with the breath of his mouth when he comes to judge the earth according to the OT. In the NT, Jesus is the one who will destroy the wicked with the breath of his mouth when he returns in the Last Days.13 Since the Second Coming is the return of Jesus not the Father, Jesus has to be Jehovah.
(22) WILL RETURN WITH HIS HOLY ONES:
Zech 14:5 And ye shall flee [to] the valley of the mountains; for the valley of the mountains shall reach unto Azal: yea, ye shall flee, like as ye fled from before the earthquake in the days of Uzziah king of Judah: and the LORD my God shall come, [and] all the saints with thee. / Deut 33:2 And he said, The LORD came from Sinai, and rose up from Seir unto them; he shined forth from mount Paran, and he came with ten thousands of saints: from his right hand [went] a fiery law for them.
- Jude 1:14 And Enoch also, the seventh from Adam, prophesied of these, saying, Behold, the Lord cometh with ten thousands of his saints. / 1 Tim 6:14 That thou keep [this] commandment without spot, unrebukeable, until the appearing of our Lord Jesus Christ. / 2 Tim 4:1 I charge [thee] therefore before God, and the Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the quick and the dead at his appearing and his kingdom. / Tit 2:13 Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ./ 1 Th 3:13 To the end he may stablish your hearts unblameable in holiness before God, even our Father, at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ with all his saints.
According to the OT, Jehovah comes to earth with his holy ones, but the NT clearly identifies the one returning as Jesus Christ, who is accompanied by his holy ones.
(23) PRESERVES ALL THINGS:
Neh 9:6 Thou, [even] thou, [art] LORD alone; thou hast made heaven, the heaven of heavens, with all their host, the earth, and all [things] that [are] therein, the seas, and all that [is] therein, and thou preservest them all; and the host of heaven worshippeth thee. / Ps 148:5-6 Let them praise the name of the LORD: for he commanded, and they were created. He hath also stablished them for ever and ever: he hath made a decree which shall not pass.
- Col 1:17 And he is before all things, and by him all things consist. / Heb 1:3 Who being the brightness of [his] glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high.
It is only Jehovah who sustains all things according to the OT but according to the NT it is Jesus who sustains all things.
(24) GONE UP/COME DOWN WITH A SHOUT, WITH TRUMPETS BLARING:
Ps 47:5 God is gone up with a shout, the LORD with the sound of a trumpet.
- 1 Th 4:16 For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first.
The parallel is obvious. The glorious Jehovah ascends with a shout and blare of a trumpet, and the glorious Jesus descends in the Last Days with a shout and blare of a trumpet. The language and imagery Paul uses definitely came from Ps 47:5.14 Why did Paul use such language that is only applicable to Jehovah if Jesus wasn't Jehovah?
(25) THOU SHALL NOT TEMPT THE LORD THY GOD:
Deut 6:16 Ye shall not tempt the LORD your God, as ye tempted [him] in Massah.
- Matt 4:7 Jesus said unto him, It is written again, Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God. / 1 Cor 10:9 Neither let us tempt Christ, as some of them also tempted, and were destroyed of serpents. (Num 21:5-6)
Jesus quoted this passage to Satan when the devil was tempting him. Who was Satan tempting? Jesus. But the passage Jesus quoted against Satan was in reference to Jehovah. It's obvious Jesus considered himself to be Jehovah.
(26) WALKS ON THE SEA:
Job 9:8 Which alone spreadeth out the heavens, and treadeth upon the waves of the sea.
- Matt 14:25-33 And in the fourth watch of the night Jesus went unto them, walking on the sea. And when the disciples saw him walking on the sea, they were troubled, saying, It is a spirit; and they cried out for fear. But straightway Jesus spake unto them, saying, Be of good cheer; it is I; be not afraid. And Peter answered him and said, Lord, if it be thou, bid me come unto thee on the water. And he said, Come. And when Peter was come down out of the ship, he walked on the water, to go to Jesus. But when he saw the wind boisterous, he was afraid; and beginning to sink, he cried, saying, Lord, save me. And immediately Jesus stretched forth [his] hand, and caught him, and said unto him, O thou of little faith, wherefore didst thou doubt? And when they were come into the ship, the wind ceased. Then they that were in the ship came and worshipped him, saying, Of a truth thou art the Son of God. / Mark 6:48-51 And he saw them toiling in rowing; for the wind was contrary unto them: and about the fourth watch of the night he cometh unto them, walking upon the sea, and would have passed by them. But when they saw him walking upon the sea, they supposed it had been a spirit, and cried out: For they all saw him, and were troubled. And immediately he talked with them, and saith unto them, Be of good cheer: it is I; be not afraid. And he went up unto them into the ship; and the wind ceased: and they were sore amazed in themselves beyond measure, and wondered. / John 6:19-21 So when they had rowed about five and twenty or thirty furlongs, they see Jesus walking on the sea, and drawing nigh unto the ship: and they were afraid. But he saith unto them, It is I; be not afraid. Then they willingly received him into the ship: and immediately the ship was at the land whither they went.
Jehovah walks on the sea according to the OT and Jesus walks on the sea according to the NT. Jesus Christ's action of walking on the sea doesn't, by itself, prove he is Jehovah.15 However, the Gospel writers wrote this event with Jesus claiming to be the I Am (Ego Eimi) [“it is I” in the AV] which shows a correlation with the OT passage of Jehovah walking on the sea. In other words, the way they wrote this event shows they considered Jesus to be Jehovah.
(27) CALMS WIND AND WAVES:
Ps 65:5-8 [By] terrible things in righteousness wilt thou answer us, O God of our salvation; [who art] the confidence of all the ends of the earth, and of them that are afar off [upon] the sea: Which by his strength setteth fast the mountains; [being] girded with power: Which stilleth the noise of the seas, the noise of their waves, and the tumult of the people. They also that dwell in the uttermost parts are afraid at thy tokens: thou makest the outgoings of the morning and evening to rejoice.
- Matt 8:23-27 And when he was entered into a ship, his disciples followed him. And, behold, there arose a great tempest in the sea, insomuch that the ship was covered with the waves: but he was asleep. And his disciples came to [him], and awoke him, saying, Lord, save us: we perish. And he saith unto them, Why are ye fearful, O ye of little faith? Then he arose, and rebuked the winds and the sea; and there was a great calm. But the men marvelled, saying, What manner of man is this, that even the winds and the sea obey him!
In Ps 65:5-8, it is only God who calms the raging sea and according to the NT, Jesus does exactly the same thing. This miracle has the witnesses wondering what kind of man Jesus was that even the wind and the sea obeys his will.
(28) DAY OF THE LORD:
Isa 2:12 For the day of the LORD of hosts [shall be] upon every [one that is] proud and lofty, and upon every [one that is] lifted up; and he shall be brought low. / Jer 46:10 For this [is] the day of the Lord GOD of hosts, a day of vengeance, that he may avenge him of his adversaries: and the sword shall devour, and it shall be satiate and made drunk with their blood: for the Lord GOD of hosts hath a sacrifice in the north country by the river Euphrates. / Ezek 30:3 For the day [is] near, even the day of the LORD [is] near, a cloudy day; it shall be the time of the heathen. / Joel 1:15 Alas for the day! for the day of the LORD [is] at hand, and as a destruction from the Almighty shall it come. / Obad 1:15 For the day of the LORD [is] near upon all the heathen: as thou hast done, it shall be done unto thee: thy reward shall return upon thine own head. / Zeph 1:7,14 Hold thy peace at the presence of the Lord GOD: for the day of the LORD [is] at hand: for the LORD hath prepared a sacrifice, he hath bid his guests ... The great day of the LORD [is] near, [it is] near, and hasteth greatly, [even] the voice of the day of the LORD: the mighty man shall cry there bitterly. / Mal 4:5 Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the LORD.
- Acts 2:20 The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before that great and notable day of the Lord come. / 1 Cor 1:7-8 So that ye come behind in no gift; waiting for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ: Who shall also confirm you unto the end, [that ye may be] blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ. / 1 Cor 5:5 To deliver such an one unto Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus. / 2 Cor 1:14 As also ye have acknowledged us in part, that we are your rejoicing, even as ye also [are] ours in the day of the Lord Jesus. / 1 Th 5:2 For yourselves know perfectly that the day of the Lord so cometh as a thief in the night. / 2 Pet 3:10 But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night; in the which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat, the earth also and the works that are therein shall be burned up.
The Last Days were called “the day of the LORD [Jehovah]” during the OT. In the NT, the Last Days were called “the day of the Lord” and were sometimes clarified as: “the day of the Lord Jesus.” The “day of the Lord” comes like a thief in the night (Rev 3:3; 16:15; Matt 24:43; Luke 12:39; 1 Th 5:4). Jesus Christ's return will be completely unexpected. The phrase “day of the LORD” was in reference to the coming of Jehovah in the Last Days. Since the NT uses the same phrase in reference to Jesus Christ's return in the Last Days, it stands to reason Jesus and Jehovah are the same being. (Also see Isa 13:6,9; Joel 2:1,11,31; 3:14; Amos 5:18,20; Zech 14:1; D&C 2:1; 43:17,20-22; 45:39,42; 49:24; 63:53; 87:8; 110:14,16; 128:17,24; 133:10; 138:31,46; Mos 7:45).
(29) HIS THRONE IS FOREVER:
Ps 45:6-7 Thy throne, O God, [is] for ever and ever: the sceptre of thy kingdom [is] a right sceptre. Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness: therefore God, thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.
- Heb 1:8-9 But unto the Son [he saith], Thy throne, O God, [is] for ever and ever: a sceptre of righteousness [is] the sceptre of thy kingdom. Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; therefore God, [even] thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.
The Hebraist quotes Ps 45:6-7 and attributes it to Heavenly Father addressing Jesus. Since the “God” mentioned in the OT passage was Jehovah, to the Hebraist, Jesus was the same being as Jehovah.
(30) LAID EARTH'S FOUNDATION:
Ps 102:24-27 I said, O my God, take me not away in the midst of my days: thy years [are] throughout all generations. Of old hast thou laid the foundation of the earth: and the heavens [are] the work of thy hands. They shall perish, but thou shalt endure: yea, all of them shall wax old like a garment; as a vesture shalt thou change them, and they shall be changed. But thou [art] the same, and thy years shall have no end.
- Heb 1:10-12 And, Thou, Lord, in the beginning hast laid the foundation of the earth; and the heavens are the works of thine hands: They shall perish; but thou remainest; and they all shall wax old as doth a garment; And as a vesture shalt thou fold them up, and they shall be changed: but thou art the same, and thy years shall not fail.
The Hebraist quotes Ps 102:24-27 and attributes it to Heavenly Father addressing Jesus. Again, to the Hebraist, Jesus was Jehovah.
(31) RECEIVES OUR SPIRITS:
Ps 31:5 Into thine hand I commit my spirit: thou hast redeemed me, O LORD God of truth.
- Acts 7:59 And they stoned Stephen, calling upon [God], and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.
Who receives the spirits of the righteous? According to the OT, Jehovah does but according to the NT, Jesus does.
(32) ANGELS WORSHIP HIM:
Deut 32:43 LXX Rejoice, ye heavens, with him, and let all the angels of God worship him; rejoice ye Gentiles, with his people, and let all the sons of God strengthen themselves in him; for he will avenge the blood of his sons, and he will render vengeance, and recompense justice to his enemies, and will reward them that hate him; and the Lord shall purge the land of his people. / Ps 97:7 LXX Let all that worship graven images be ashamed, who boast of their idols; worship him, all ye angels.
Heb 1:6 And again, when he bringeth in the firstbegotten into the world, he saith, And let all the angels of God worship him.
The LXX version has the phrase, “let all the angels of God worship him” in reference to Jehovah.16 The Hebraist quotes Deut 32:43 LXX and uses it in reference to Jesus. Clearly, to the Hebraist, Jesus and Jehovah are the same being or else the Hebraist is advocating people and angels to worship another God (cf. Ex 20:3-5; 34:14; Deut 5:7; 8:19; 11:16; etc.).
(33) JESUS IS PERFECT:
Matt 5:48 Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father in heaven is perfect.
Heb 2:10 For it became him, for whom [are] all things, and by whom [are] all things, in bringing many sons unto glory, to make the captain of their salvation perfect through sufferings.
Heb 5:9 And being made perfect, he became the author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey him.
Heb 7:28 For the law maketh men high priests which have infirmity; but the word of the oath, which was since the law, [maketh] the Son, who is consecrated for evermore.
Matt 5:48 shows God the Father is perfect; and in Heb 2:10; 5:9; 7:28, Jesus Christ is also perfect. Is there anything higher than perfection? No. Consequently, God the Father can't be higher than Jesus Christ. They then have to be equal. According to Phil 2:6 they really are equal with Jesus having the same nature as the Father.
Phil 2:5-8 is a very interesting passage and merges into a hymn (vv. 6-11). Although Jesus was equal to the Father, he “emptied” himself of his glory (he divested himself of his rights and privileges due to his divine status [but kept his divinity]), making himself a humble and oppressed slave to atone for the sins of mankind. The most glorious being imaginable willingly reduced himself to the lowest of humanity, to suffer in an unimaginable fashion for our sakes because he loved us.
(34) JESUS IS EQUAL TO THE FATHER:
John 14:16 And I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another Comforter, that he may abide with you forever.
As described in Part 2, the Greek word Jesus used for “pray” is erotao not aiteo. Erotao signifies' equality of the petitioner to the person being asked. If Jesus was a lower God than the Father he would've used aiteo which signifies that the petitioner is in a lower position than the person being asked. But in all instances where Christ is praying to the Father, he always used erotao, never aiteo (e.g., John 14:16; 16:26; 17:9,15,20), showing his belief in his equality with the Father.
John 15:26 But when the Comforter is come, whom I will send unto you from the Father, [even] the Spirit of truth, which proceedeth from the Father, he shall testify of me.
Who sends the Holy Ghost? The Father (John 14:26) or the Son (John 15:26)? Both do since they both share an equality of nature and the Father shares his authority with the Son. (Also see John 1:1; 5:18-19; 17:4-5; 2 Cor 8:9; Gal 4:4; Phil 2:5-6; Heb 1:3; 2:14-18).
(35) JESUS HAS ALL THINGS:
Matt 11:27 All things are delivered unto me of my Father: and no man knoweth the Son, but the Father; neither knoweth any man the Father, save the Son, and he to whomsoever the Son will reveal him.
Matt 28:18 And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth.
John 3:35 The Father loveth the Son, and hath given all things into his hand.
John 13:3 Jesus knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he was come from God, and went to God.
John 16:15 All things that the Father hath are mine: therefore said I, that he shall take of mine, and shall show it unto you.
John 17:10 And all mine are thine, and thine are mine; and I am glorified in them.
1 Cor 15:24-28 Then cometh the end, when he shall have delivered up the kingdom to God, even the Father; when he shall have put down all rule and all authority and power. For he must reign, till he hath put all enemies under his feet. The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death. For he hath put all things under his feet. But when he saith, all things are put under him, it is manifest that he is excepted, which did put all things under him. And when all things shall be subdued unto him, then shall the Son also himself be subject unto him that put all things under him, that God may be all in all.
Heb 1:2 Hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds.
These passages show all God the Father has, Jesus Christ also has. Jesus has all power in heaven and earth which he received from the Father (John 17:7). They are equal in power, knowledge, kindness, justice and capability. Admittedly, the word “all” doesn't necessarily imply totality, but can be understood to mean a great amount. However, the context these verses are in, makes it appear that “all” in these situations mean an all-encompassing totality. This “ all things” are in turn passed on to those who are completely faithful and obedient to Christ (Rom 8:32; Rev 21:7).
LATTER-DAY SCRIPTURES:
(a) Moro 10:34 And now I bid unto all farewell. I soon go to rest in the paradise of God, until my spirit and body shall again reunite, and I am brought forth triumphant through the air, to meet you before the pleasing bar of the great Jehovah, the eternal judge of both quick and dead. Amen.
(b) D&C 110:3-4 His eyes were as a flame of fire; the hair of his head was white like the pure snow; his countenance shone above the brightness of the sun; and his voice was as the sound of the rushing of great waters, even the voice of Jehovah, saying: I am the first and the last; I am he who liveth, I am he who was slain; I am your advocate with the Father.
The Latter-day Scriptures clearly describe Jesus to be the OT Jehovah.
How many “Jehovah”s?
Both Heavenly Father and Jesus Christ can be called “Jehovah.” Here are three biblical passages that support our claim that there isn't a single mathematical “Jehovah”:
a) Zech 2:8-11 For thus saith the LORD of hosts; After the glory hath he sent me unto the nations which spoiled you: for he that toucheth you toucheth the apple of his eye. For, behold, I will shake mine hand upon them, and they shall be a spoil to their servants: and ye shall know that the LORD of hosts hath sent me. Sing and rejoice, O daughter of Zion: for, lo, I come, and I will dwell in the midst of thee, saith the LORD. And many nations shall be joined to the LORD in that day, and shall be my people: and I will dwell in the midst of thee, and thou shalt know that the LORD of hosts hath sent me unto thee.
This prophecy is viewed as a Messianic prophecy,17 with God the Father sending God the Son.18 `Jehovah here says, “I will dwell,” and then that JEHOVAH of Hosts sent Him; therefore Jehovah the Sender and Jehovah the Sent must be One.'19 This passage clearly describes two beings who are called Jehovah.
b) Gen 19:24 Then the LORD rained upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the LORD out of heaven.
Jehovah had fire and brimstone rain upon Sodom and Gomorrah from Jehovah who was in heaven. How many “Jehovah”s? Two. One had to be the God the Father and the second was God the Son, the pre-mortal Jesus.20
c) Ex 23:20-25 Behold, I send an Angel before thee, to keep thee in the way, and to bring thee into the place which I have prepared. Beware of him, and obey his voice, provoke him not; for he will not pardon your transgressions: for my name is in him. But if thou shalt indeed obey his voice, and do all that I speak; then I will be an enemy unto thine enemies, and an adversary unto thine adversaries. For mine Angel shall go before thee, and bring thee in unto the Amorites, and the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites: and I will cut them off. Thou shalt not bow down to their gods, nor serve them, nor do after their works: but thou shalt utterly overthrow them, and quite break down their images. And ye shall serve the LORD your God, and he shall bless thy bread, and thy water; and I will take sickness away from the midst of thee.
This is a very interesting passage since it has Jehovah talking and referring to this “Angel” who also has the name of Jehovah who leads and guides Israel. Jehovah then refers to Jehovah in the third person. Jehovah guided the Israelites in a pillar of cloud by day and in a pillar of fire by night (Ex 13:21-22; 14:24; 16:10; 33:8-11; Num 9:15-23).
Some also use Isa 44:6 and Isa 48:16 in arguing for the plurality of Jehovah but I don't find the texts warrant such assumptions.21
These passages support the idea that the OT refers to two beings who are known as “Jehovah” (YHWH). Christians can view these two Jehovah's to be God the Father and God the Son while Jews will dismiss such an interpretation and claim these are merely aberrant passages and signify a parallelism or a divine bestowal of authority upon this messenger from God.
This chapter has identified over 160 biblical passages that clearly show the NT Jesus and the OT Jehovah (YHWH) are the same being. This doesn't mean every occurrence of YHWH in the OT is the pre-mortal Jesus. Given that the OT doesn't differentiate the Father and the Son, we have no way of knowing for sure whether certain OT passages has Heavenly Father as the “Jehovah” or if it was Jesus Christ.
[ENDNOTES]:
1.The passage of Ex 3:14 isn't `ani hu' but is `ehyeh' the “first person imperfect of the verb hayah, `to become'. The tense is indefinite, meaning equally `I was', `I am being', and `I will be'.” [NBC. p. 109]. I included it here because of its obvious similarity with Jesus Christ's usage of `Ego Eimi' despite it isn't exactly identical.
2.DJG. p. 355.
3.DJG. p. 354; NIDNTT. 2:282.
4.JBC. 78:58 (J).
5.JBC. 63:92 (20).
6.DJG. p.356.
7.NSBD. p. 444 “This may be said to be quite explicitly the burden of the Fourth Gospel: `If ye believe not that I am' - that is, that I am the great decisive Personality on whom everything in the relationship of God and man turns- `ye shall die in your sins' (John 8:24); but it is implied throughout the Synoptics.”
8.Heb 2:7 is a quotation from Ps 8:4-6 LXX which originally is in reference to humans in general. Jehovah's hands. The Hebraist used Ps 8:4-6 LXX for imagery and applied it to Jesus to emphasize his inferiority to the angels during the Incarnation. This doesn't mean Heavenly Father was the one who did the actual creation. It wasn't his hands but Jehovah's (i.e. Jesus).
9.Wis 3:9; 1 En 14:3; 69:27; OTP. 1:20, 49,g2.
10.2 Mac 13:4; 3 Mac 5:35; 1 En 9:4; OTP. 1:17; 2:525.
11.Also see 1QS 8:12-14; 9:19-20; Bar 5:7; Barn 8:5; LBB. p. 154; DSS. pp.61, 65.
12.JBC. 2:268-269. But see PHEC. pp. 209-212. Movable well that was rock-shaped cf. Tar. Num. 21.
13.Also see 4 Ez 13:10-11,35-37; OTP. 1:551-552.
14.NWNTI. pp. 186-188. Also see 4 Ez 6:23 and L. Ad. Ev. 22:3; OTP. 1:535; 2:281.
15.cf. Apoc. Elij. 3:8; OTP. 1:745.
16.From the Brenton Version.
17.CE. p. 666.
18.JFB. p. 847.
19.JFB. p. 847.
20.Admittedly, this may simply be a parallelism.
21.I have a vested interest in seeing two “Jehovah”s in the Old Testament but I'm not going to distort the biblical passages in order to do so. If the OT teaches it, fantastic! If not, it still doesn't detract from the message of the New Testament which describes both the Father and the Son as “Jehovah.”
|