|
|
Table 2. Autoantibodies and associated diseases.
|
TISSUE / CELL TARGET |
AUTOANTIGENS |
CLINICAL UTILITY |
|
Endomysium |
Noncollagen proteins produced-by fibroblasts |
Coeliac disease Dermatitis herpetiformis |
|
Gastric parietal cells |
Gastric H+/K+ ATPase |
Pemicious anaemia (90 %) |
|
Glomerular basement membrane |
a3 chain of type IV collagen |
Goodpasture's syndrome |
|
Granulocyte-specific antigens (GS-ANA see ANCA) |
Unknown - possibly immune complexes - |
Rheumatoid arthritis |
|
Heterophile antibodies |
Xeno-antigens |
False positive immunofluorescence |
|
Liver/kidney microsomes (LKM) |
Several enzymes including P-450 Il C9 |
Autoimmune and drug induced hepatitis; infections |
|
Liver membranes |
Liver membrane antigen Liver-specific protein etc |
Autoimmune and viral hepatitis |
|
Liver mitochondria |
Pyruvate dyhydrogenase enzyme complex |
Primary biliary cirrhosis |
|
Myocardium |
Fibrillary and sarcolemma proteins |
Several chronic myocardial inflammatory diseases |
|
Neurones. Nuclei (Hu) |
RNA-binding proteins |
Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with small cell long tumours |
|
Neutrophils (ANCA) |
Myeloperoxidase, proteinase 3, elastase, etc |
Vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, sclerosing cholangitis, etc |
|
Pancreatic Islet cells |
Many including glutamnic acid decarboxylase |
Insulin-dependent diabetes Stiff-man syndrome |
|
Purkinje cells (Yo) |
Cytoplasmic proteins |
Cerebellar ataxia associated with ovarian and breast tumours |
|
Reticulin |
Fibrous proteins |
Coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis |
|
Skeletal muscle(striational) |
Titin, actin, -actinin, myosin and others |
Myasthenia gravis and thymoma, lung carcinoma |
|
Skin. Basement membrane. Desmosomes |
Hemidesmosomes. Desmogleins 1 + 3. Desmoplakins |
Bullous pemphigoid and vaiiants. Pemphigus syndromes. Paraneoplastic pemphigus |
|
Smooth muscle |
F-actin Vimentin, desmin, etc |
Autoimmune hepatitis (AH) (97%) Viral infections, SLE, RA, SS |
|
Squamous epithelium |
Filaggrin |
Rheumatoid arthritis |
|
Steroid cell tissues (adrenal, ovary, testis, placenta) |
P450 hydroxylase enzymes and others |
Addison's disease and polyglandular endocrine syndromes |
|
Thyroid gland |
Thyroglobulin Thyroid peroxidase |
Autoimmune thyroid diseases and associated endocrinopathies |
|
Tubular basement membrane |
Tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen |
Tubulointerstitial nephritis (< 1%) |
