EXPLANATIONS OF THE PLATES.

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NOTE.  This and the following pages are numbered in the same series with the Explanations, &c. of the first volume.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

 

PLATE XV.

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FIGURE 1.

Represents a battalion in line of battle, breaking to the front, to the right, by company, into column.

(No. 845, and following.)

The battalion having wheeled to the right, the colonel has thrown himself twenty paces from the left flank abreast with the colour-company.

The lieutenant colonel and major have also thrown themselves on the same flank, abreast with the leading and rearmost companies respectively, and six paces from the flank.

 

FIGURE 2.

Represents a battalion breaking to the front, to the right, to march towards the left.

(No. 853.)

The blank parallelograms mark the battalion broken into column.

The leading company has marched forward twice the extent of its front.

The lieutenant colonel has placed two markers (d and h) respectively, abreast with the first and second companies.

The parallelograms shaded by small lines, represent the column in march, which turns around the two markers (d and h,)

The lieutenant colonel, as soon as the leading guide has turned, indicates to him the direction he ought to take.  This officer then places himself

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

abreast with the leading company in order to direct the column.

The colonel holds himself near the two markers, to superintend the execution of the movement.

 

FIGURES 3, 4.

Represents a battalion in line of battle breaking to the rear, by the right, into column by company.

(No. 854, and following.)

Figure 3 represents the battalion which has faced to the right: the three (or two) right files have broken to the rear.

Each captain has placed himself opposite to the left file of the company next to his own on the right, so as to rest his breast lightly against the left arm of the front rank man of that file.

Figure 4 represents the battalion formed into column.

Each company has marched perpendicularly to the rear, and has been halted at the moment its last file wheeled.

The company having halted, its captain has faced it to the front, and has aligned it by the left.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

PLATE XVI.

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FIGURE 1.

Represents a battalion ploying itself into column, closed in mass by division, in rear of the first division.

No. 871, and following.)

The first division has stood fast, the others have faced to the right, and broken their leading files to the rear.  The second division, wheeling by file to the right, has gained the space of six (or five) paces which separates its guide from the guide of the first; it has then directed its march parallelly to that division.  The chief of this division has conducted it to the left flank of the column; arrived at this point, he has halted in his own person, and seen his division file past.

Each of the other divisions has marched diagonally towards its point of entrance into the column; arrived at six paces from that point, the head of the division has inclined to the left and has directed itself parallelly to the division which preceded it; its chief has halted on the flank of the column, and seen his division file past.

The second and third divisions have already taken their positions in the column; the fourth has nearly taken its.

The lieutenant colonel has assured the positions of the guides, by placing himself successively in rear of each.

B represents the movement ended; the lieutenant colonel and major have placed themselves

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

on the directing flank of the column, the former abreast with the first division, and the latter abreast with the fourth.

 

 

FIGURE 2.

Represents a battalion ploying itself into column, closed in mass by division, in front of the right division.

(No. 882 and following.)

The first division has stood fast; all the other divisions have faced to the right and broken their leading files to the front.

The second division, wheeling by file to the left, has gained the space of six (or five) paces which separates the its guide from the guide of the first, and has directed its march parallelly to that division; its chief has conducted this division to the point at which it halted.

Each of the other divisions has marched diagonally towards its point of entrance into the column; arrived at six paces from that point, the head of the division has inclined to the right, and directed itself parallelly to the division which preceded it.

At the successive halts of divisions, the guide of each has faced to the rear, and placed himself correctly on the direction of the guides already established; the lieutenant colonel has assured the positions of those guides, by placing himself successively in rear of each.

The second division has already taken its position in the column, the third has nearly taken its, and the fourth is in march.

 

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

 

 

FIGURE 3.

Represents a battalion ploying itself into column, closed in mass by division, on the third, right in front.

(No. 893.)

The third division has stood fast; the first and second have faced to the left, and broken their leading files to the front; the fourth has faced to the right, and broken its leading files to the rear.

The second and fourth divisions have each gained in wheeling by file to the right, the space of six (or five) paces which separates its guide from the guide of the third; the first division has marched diagonally towards its point of entrance into the column.

The guide of the first and second divisions, have faced to the rear, in order to place themselves on the direction; the lieutenant colonel has assured them on it, and the movement ended, he has thrown himself on the left flank of the column abreast with the leading division; the major has assured the guide of the fourth division on the direction, and has thrown himself on the left flank of the column abreast with this division.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

PLATE XVII.

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FIGURE 1.

Represents a battalion in column by company, at full distance, right in front, prepared to march.

(No. 902 and following.)

The colonel has indicated to the guide of the leading company the point (g) on which he is to direct his march.  This guide has immediately faced to the point (g) and taken, in the straight line, passing from himself to that point, an intermediate one (o), afterwards a second (p), a little before arriving at the point (o), and so on.

The lieutenant colonel is placed on the flank of the column, abreast with the leading company, and the major abreast with the last.

 

FIGURE 2.

Represents a battalion in column by company, at full distance, right in front, which is in march, and to which the colonel has given a new point of direction, but little removed from that on which the column had marched.

(No. 935 and following.)

The leading guide has directed himself on the point (g), and each of the other guides has followed in the same direction, marching exactly in the trace of the guide who immediately preceded him.

The leading company having arrived at (d), the colonel has given to its guide a new point of direction (e), not far from the first; the guide has immediately faced to this point, and is directing

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

himself upon it; the company has conformed itself, by degrees, to the movement of its guide.

The guide of each of the other companies continued to follow the old direction up to the point (d); there, he changed the direction of his shoulders, and has followed the trace of the preceding guide.

The first four companies are on the new direction; the others yet follow the old.

 

FIGURE 3.

Represents a company of eighteen files, supposed to be at the head of a column marching in the route step, which has diminished front by platoon and by file, to seven files.

(No. 738, and No. 944, and following.)

Each chief of platoon is on its left flank in the front rank; his guide covers him in the rear rank; the ranks, as well as the files, broken to the rear, have opened out to the distance of twenty-eight inches..

 

FIGURE 4.

Represents the same company which has reduced the front of each platoon to five men abreast, not including its chief.

(No. 739, and No. 947.)

The platoons which had seven files abreast before breaking off new files, have taken the cadenced pace; the ranks, as well as the files broken to the rear, have closed up.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

PLATE XVIII.

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FIGURE 1.

Represents a battalion in column by company, right in front, arriving before the line on which it is intended to from line of battle, and prolonging its march on that line by means of the general guides.

(No. 914, and following.)

The colonel, in advance, has caused two markers to be placed, the first (h) on the line of battle, to indicate the point at which the general guides ought to change direction, and the second marker (d) four paces beyond, at the point where the subdivisions ought to turn to the left.

The right general guide and colour-bearer, have entered on the new direction; the guide of the leading company holds himself abreast with the right general guide, and the colour-bearer marches abreast with the colour-company.  The last two companies have not yet entered on the new direction.

The colonel is placed on the flank, outside of the general guides, to see that the column holds itself at about the distance of four paces within these guides.

The lieutenant colonel marches abreast with the leading company, and sees that the right general guide and colour-bearer march exactly on the point of direction taken in their front, and on the intermediate point.

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

FIGURE 2.

Represents a battalion in column by company, right in front, arriving behind the line of battle, and prolonging itself on that line by means of the general guides,

(No. 923, and following.)

The colonel has caused to be placed on the line of battle, a marker (h) at the point where the general guides ought to begin to prolong that line, and another (d) at the point where the subdivisions ought to commence wheeling.

The point (d) is at company distance and four paces more, form the line of battle, in order that the companies, after having wheeled, may find themselves four paces from that line.

The right general guide and colour-bearer are on the new direction; the last two companies have not yet arrived on that point (d).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

PLATE XIX.

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FIGURE 1.

Represents a battalion in column, at full distance, in march, and changing direction to the side of the guide.

(No. 973, and following.)

The colonel has caused to be placed in advance, a marker at the point of change.

The lieutenant colonel has indicated to the guide of the leading company, the direction to be pursued after turning.

 

FIGURE 2.

Represents a battalion in column, at full distance, in march, and changing direction to the side opposite to the guide.

(No. 973, and following.)

 

FIGURE 3.

Represents a battalion in column, at full distance closing in mass on the rearmost company.

 (No. 1001, and following.)

All the companies, except the rearmost one, have faced about; the guides have remained in the front rank, become the rear; the captains have thrown themselves two paces outside of the left flank, become the right; the companies have then been put in march; each has closed on that next in its front, and on arriving at the prescribed distance, it has been halted, faced about and aligned by the left.  The guides have remained faced to the rear, in order to place themselves correctly on the direction.

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

The lieutenant colonel, before the beginning of the movement, had thrown himself behind the rearmost company on the prolongation of the guides of the column, for the purpose of assuring on that direction, the guides of subdivisions as they successively halted.

A represents the column before the movement had commenced.

B represents the commencement; the last four companies have closed in mass, and the first four are in march to close also.

C represents the movement ended.

 

FIGURE 4.

Represents a battalion in column by company, closed in mass, taking distances on the leading company

 (No. 1068, and following.)

The colonel has caused to be placed on the outside of the flank of the column, in the direction he had wished to give to the guides, two markers (d and h), the first abreast with the leading company, and the second at company distance in rear of the first.

The left general guide has thrown himself to the rear on the prolongation of the two markers, and has placed himself a little beyond the point to which the rear of the column ought to extend.

All the companies, except the headmost one, have faced about; the guides have remained in the front ranks, become the rear; the captains have thrown themselves two paces outside of the left flank of the column.

The companies were then out in march to

 

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

take their distances; the headmost guide has directed himself on the left general guide.

Each company, on taking its distance, has been halted, faced to the front and aligned by the left.  The lieutenant colonel has successively assured the positions of the guides, placing himself, for the purpose, in rear of each.

A represents the column before the movement had commenced.

B represents the commencement; the first five companies have already taken their distances; the last three are yet in march.

C represents the movement ended.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

PLATE XX.

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FIGURE 1.

Represents a battalion in column, at half distance, right in front, executing a change of direction to the right.

 (No. 1014.)

The guide on the marching flank, takes steps of twenty-eight inches; the arc of the circle which he describes has, for its radius, once and a half the extent of the front of the company.

The guide who is the pivot of the wheel, takes steps of fourteen inches in order to clear the wheeling point.

A represents the commencement of the movement; the last four companies are yet on the old direction.

B represents the movement more advanced, each of the first three companies is in a square with the new direction, and the next five are executing the movement.

 

FIGURE 2,3.

Represents a column, by division, closed in mass, right in front, executing a change of direction to the right, by the front of subdivisions.

(No. 1015, and following.)

The leading subdivision has executed this movement as if it were in a column at half distance; the arc of the circle which its guide has described has, for its radius, a line equal to the fronts of three companies.  In other divisions,

 

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

each guide has advanced a little the left shoulder, obliquing a little to the left and lengthening a little the step, till he found himself exactly covering the guide next in his front, and then he follows in his trace, preserving the prescribed distance of six (or five) paces, (according as the formation may be in three or two ranks) which ought to separate the guides.

The men have conformed to the movement of the marching flank; they have advanced a little the left shoulder, and have gained so much the less ground to the front, as they were more or less near to the pivot.

The guide, who is the pivot, has conformed himself to the movement of the division, and has gained so much ground to the front as was necessary to preserve between his division and the preceding one, the same distance of six (or five) paces.

The lieutenant colonel, placed at the side of the leading guide, has directed the march of the latter,

The major, from the rear of the guides, has seen that they have conformed themselves insensibly to the movement of the leading guide.

The lines (m o), in figure 2, indicate the alignment of the first division, pending the wheel; its centre bends a little to the rear as in a wheel at half distance.

 

In FIGURE 3

A represents the battalion beginning the wheel.

B the battalion executing the movement; and.

C the battalion when the wheel is ended; the

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

first division already marches in a square with the new direction.

 

FIGURE 4.

Represents a battalion in column, by division, closed in mass, right in front, executing a change of direction, from a halt, by the flanks of subdivisions.

(No. 1035, and following.)

A represents the battalion at a halt;

B the battalion after having changed direction by the right flank.

The lieutenant colonel has placed two markers (d h) on the new direction, (d) opposite to the right guide of the first division, and (h) a little less than division distance from (d).

The battalion has faced to the right; each chief of division has placed himself on the left of its right guide.

The battalion has filed into the new direction; the first division directed itself a little in rear of the markers (d h.)  The chief of this division has not followed its movement, but has seen it file past, and has halted it at the moment that its left file arrived opposite to the marker (d.)

Each of the other divisions has conformed itself to the movement of the preceding division, and has preserved the distance of three paces from the latter.  Each chief has himself halted on arriving opposite to the left guide of the first, seen his division file past, and has halted and aligned it by the left.

The lieutenant colonel, placed in front of the left guides, and facing to them, has assured them

 

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

on the direction as the divisions were successively halted.

C represents the battalion after having  changed direction by the left flank, the movement having been executed as in B; but the chiefs have conducted their divisions to the halting points, instead of seeing them file past.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

PLATE XXI.

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FIGURE 1.

Represents a battalion in column, by division, closed in mass, right in front, executing the countermarch.

(No. 1081, and following.)

The odd numbered divisions have faced to the tight, the even to the left, and the headmost files of all have broken to the rear.

All the guides have faced about.

The odd divisions have wheeled around their right guides; the even, around the left guides, and each has so directed itself as to arrive behind its opposite guide, when is has been halted and aligned by the right; to this end, the chief of each odd division, after having it, has shifted promptly to its right.

The lieutenant colonel has faced to the guides for the purpose of rectifying their direction.  This object accomplished, he has thrown himself abreast with the leading division (the fourth or fifth) and the major has thrown himself abreast with the rearmost (the first) subdivision.

A represents the commencement of the movement.  The divisions have faced to the right or left, and the three headmost files, of each, have broken to the rear.

B represents the movement in progress; the headmost files, after having wheeled around the right or left guide, are directing themselves on the new alignment.

C represents the movement ended.

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

FIGURE 2.

Represents a battalion, in column by company, closed in mass, right in front, forming divisions

(No. 1092, and following.)

A represents the beginning of the movement; the guides of the right companies have marked these companies; the left companies have faced to the left, marched straight forward, and their captains, who have seen them file past, have halted them as soon as they were entirely unmasked.  The left companies have faced to the front, and only wait (in order to dress forward on the alignment of the right companies) till their left guides have correctly established themselves on that alignment.

B represents the movement ended; the colonel has ordered the guides to their posts, the respective senior captains (placed two paces before the centres of divisions) have taken command of the divisions, and the junior captains of the divisions have placed themselves in their respective intervals.

 

FIGURE 3.

Represents a column at full distance, which executes the same movement.

(No. 1103, and following.)

C represents the preparation for the movement; the guides of the right companies have marked these companies opposite to their respective right and left files; the left companies have faced to the left; their captains have thrown themselves to the side of their left guides.

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

B represents the movement begun; the left companies have marched straight forward, and as soon as unmasked, they have been halted, faced to the front, and have advanced towards the alignment of the right companies; arrived on a line just in rear of the right companies, the left companies have again been halted, and only wait till their left guides are established on that alignment in order to be dressed forward.

A represents the movement ended.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

 

PLATE XXII.

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FIGURE 1.

Represents the manner of determining the line of battle between two given points.

(No. 1119, and following.)

The two points give, being the tree C to the left, and the steeple D to the right, two mounted officers (m and n) have set off from the two points (x and z) to find the intermediate points between C and D.  To this end, they have executed a wheel, the tree C having served as the pivot.  Pending the movement, (n) has taken care to hold himself constantly  aligned on (m) and the tree C.  The officer (m) has, at the same time, observed the movement of (n), and the instant the latter masked his view of the steeple D, (m) has, by signal, caused (n) to halt.

 

FIGURE 2.

Represents a battalion in column, by company, at full distance, right in front, forming itself on the right into line of battle.

(No. 1145, and following, and No. 1165.)

The colonel has caused the lieutenant colonel to place two markers (h, d) on the direction which he wishes to give the line: the first is at the point of