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AN OVERVIEW OF THE FIRST EIGHT INCAS."THE INVISIBLE ONES" Images; Waman Poma de Ayala
1.- 8. Incas( from the myths to known men Ca.1200-1438)
1. Manco Capac «Eterno poderoso».
· -de Manqo : rico, poderossos, honrrado Qhacpaq: cimiento, base, raiz Inca Manco Capac. A mythical person married to his sister Coya, queen and wife. Given the "honor" of making the basic and general society, social-classes, folklore and basic order of the laws and regulations. Laws and regulations appears to be a important part of all the historical order from the inca empire and history. Manco Capac claimed to be the Son of Inti, the son of the sun, and told his sons to pass on to all generations the rules and religion given from the Inti. The story goes like this: "The Sun God, Inti or Wiraqocha, felt sorry for the people on this earth, and he decided to send his two children here to educate the humans to learn how to create a culture of their own. So he sent his son Manco Capac and his daughter Mama Ocllo down to the Lake Titicaca, where they rose from the water like gods in the bodies of humans. They married and founded the Inca city of Cuzco, "the navel of the world".
2. Sinchi Roca: «hombre de mucho caracter».
· -de Sinchi: demasiado, Roq’a: amargo, fuerte. Even if he had this name, one knows nothing about him. Because of this the Inkas made up some myths to follow his name, so he could be remembered with honor, not shame. In all versions passed down, he is described as peaceful, and not a warrior. But to give him a honorable place in the history, he is given the honor of expanding the empire, but to were or how much is not known. (Sinchi is really the title of a «chief» of the town, and Capac is the title of a warlord.) 3. Lloque Llupanqui «Contador, estadista, brujo»
· -de Lloq’e :surdo, izquierdo Yupanqui :estadista, contador There is very little to be said about this character too. In some deliveries they have given him the honor for deeds which other inkas did long time after his death. They tell little about him, mainly because they didn't know anything about him, and what is told, is mythical and dimmy. As Roca, he is also given honors of deeds to make him "count" as a honorable inca. 4. Mayta Capac «cuán poderoso»
· -de Mayta :cuán, cuánto Qhapaq: rico, poderoso The myths is like for Inca number 2 and 3. Beside of that the myth tells that he was a good sportsman at the age of two years old, and was born with all his teeth in his mouth. 5. Capac Yupanqui «rico, poderoso, estadista»
· -de Qhapaq ; rico, poderoso Yupanki ; estadista Seem to be the first Inca who went outside the city area of Cuzco to conquer other tribes and land. He is also absolutely impossible to trace as a real person in history, but at least they have given him the honor of being the first to conquer something outside the area. NOTE: We can see that the first five Incas are impossible to place in history, and they all flow into the dimmy times of mystic and myth. But one thing is common: Their names are later used as titles of following rulers: SINCHI : title of a chief over a smaller town, or pueblo society. CAPAC: Title of a great warlord and chief over a big wartribe or similar. As we know, the title Inca is not used before later in history, and the titles is often given later to the history to make it "balance" as like the deeds and honorable things many of the first Incas has been given the honor for, much later, and really done by historical persons that we know existed. 6. Inca Roca « Rey fuerte de caracter»
· -de Roq’a :amargo, fuerte Inca : From here the title INCA definitively is in use, but the titles are added around 1438. 7. Yahuar Huaca «El que llora sangre»
· -de yawar: sangre waqaq; el que llora Also hidden in myths and uncertainties. Yawar Waqaq, nispa: «Challwakuna qelqaq kankuman, hatun qochataq tullpu kanman, waranqa wata qelqaspa, manan tukunkumanchu runakunaq awqayninta» -Si los peces fueran escribanos y el mar fuera tinta, escribiendo en mil años, no acabarían de escribir las maldades de la humanidad. 8. Wiraqocha (Inka) « rey, divinidad, salvador, dios»
· -de Wira: grasa, gordo, espuma qocha: laguna, lago He has been given the name of a god, and because of that he has been given many mythical great honors. He is placed in many totally different situations, myths, stories and events that he couldn't have been a part of, and he, as the inca before him, got the mystical glory out of his mythical presence. But, we do not know, and can't claim that these Incas did not exist. They probably have, but in different time and situations, and where the storytellers lacked information or knowledge, they put in mythical and mystical aspects. Historic documented persons: ca. 1400-> 9. Pachacutec (Pachakutiq Inka Yupanqui/Pachacuti) «Transformador del Universo»
· -de Pacha ; mundo, universo kuteq; volver a trasformar When Wiraqocha was governing the Tawantinsuyu, the Chanca tribe went to war against the Quechuas where they gain a lot of land after the Quehcua defeat. In the end of the Inca's rulership, the Chancas had grown to be a strong tribe and a treath against the Inca empire. In the end Roca and Ypanqui (Pachacutec), the youngest sons of the inka, attached the Cancas, and beat them in a horrifying war right outside the citywalls of Cuzco. The oldest son of the Inca took his old father and ran up into the mountains, and didn't want to fight, so after this battle, Pachacutec became the Inca, and his brother Urco was kicked out of the city for good in shame over his cowardness. Pachacutec was crowned to Inca around 1438. From him we know more about the real facts of the royalty lists. Before Pachacutec Inca was ruling, the Incas had began taking land from the Aymaran territories around Titicaca (Titiqaqaqocha) and the most resistant tribe was the Colla near the lake. In the north - east the Quechuas had founded a union with the Incas, and this union made a good defense against the rather aggressive Chancas. In Pachacutec's time there was mayor building and roadplanning, beside of strategic upholding of defense. In Cuzco he built many of the greatest temples and other installations. Maybe he also built Machu Picchu, but no one knows this for sure. The military part was the responsibility of his son Tupac. The old Inca used his later days to administration of Tahuantinsuyu (Tawa-Inti- Suyu «Pachacutec/Pachakuti, nispa: « - Mana wasinpi kamachikuy atiqqa, manan atinmanchu llaqta kamachiytaqa» - Quien no puede gobernar en su casa, jamás podrá gobernar un país. ("The one who can't control his household, cant control a country") 10. Tupac Inka Yupanqui «rey, estadista, diplomatico»
-de Tupak: diplomatico, el que se encuentra Yupanki: contador He went further north and came to Quito in today's Ecuador, from there down the coast south into Chimu (Chanchan) land. Some say he even went to Manta, but this is not proved. He won over the Chimu, and took the king Minchanzaman to Cuzco as prisoner. Today the Chimu territory was located near today's Lima (Rimac) He also reached the city of Pachamac with it great old religious temple. He left it standing in respect to it's importance (strategic to easier gain people's cooperation) and from there he went all the way down to Nazca, Ica, Chica, and Huarco where he met hard resistance. From there he came to Mala, and now a connection between Pachcamac and Cuzco was established. He wasn't yet an Inca, because his father still ruled in Cuzco, but in 1471 his father was over 80 years old, and it was decided that Tupac Inca should be crowned. Tupac went as far as Porco /Potosi, silver mountain, Bolivia, down to Maulerio, Chile. In Coqumbo they built a garrison to defend themselves against the very strong Auracanos, which never let go. It's said that Tupac went on a mission in the Pacific with his brother Tillca Yupanqui and 20000 men, but most have regarded this as pure fantasy. However Thor Heyerdahl's Kon-Tiki expedition can prove some different. Tupac Inka died around 1493 and after him followed Tito Cusi Huallpa. (Huayna Capac)
11. Huayna Capac/Wayna Qapaq « Joven poderoso»
· -de wayna joven qhapaq rico, poderoso, vigoroso 12. Wascar(Huascar) «ave divina, picaflor»
Brother of Atahualpa, living in Qosqo. Was killed in during the time of Pizzaro’s imprisonment of Atahualpa. Maybe he did it, but there are also a possibility that the Spanish killed him, and put the blame on Atahualpa. 1532 13. Atahualpa(Atau Wallpa) para Quito: «estrella brilliante» Para el sur: «traidor» Para el centero: «Estrella fugaz» ?? - 1533 -de Ata traidor wallpa gallina Atawallpa, nispa: « Maqanakuypa chaynimi maqay otaq maqachikuy» - Usos de guerra son vencer o ser vencidos. ATAHUALPA : TAHUANTINSUYU, THE YEAR OF 1532 Here ends the Inca royalty list. However there came another man into the area of Peruvian history in 1780, and he is still remembered as the leader of the last uprising of the Inca/Quechua* people. Additional stuff: · Today, all descendants from the Inca are called Quechua, like the language they speak. In reality, the Quechuas was a large tribe who the Inca put under his rulership at the peek of the empire. Quechua was later introduced as the state language in Tawantinsuyu. In Ecuador the native people are called Quichua. In Bolivia, still the Aymara use their name as before the Incas. Note: « Tawantinsuyuoq Inkakunaqa kasqan chunka kimsayoqmi manan chunka tawayoqcho» -There were 13 Inkas ruling in Tahuantinsuyu, not 14. -Los Incas del Tahuantinsuyo fueron trece y no catorce. Under the Spanish regime: After Atahualpa: His son Topa Huallpa After him, a halfbrother of Huascar;--- Manco Inca After him, his son Sayri Tupac and when Sayri died his brother Titu Cusi 1560; after him his brother Tupac Amaru; executed with is family in 1572 His later decendant; from one of Tuapac Amaru's daughters; was Jose Gabriel Kunturkanku Tupac Amaru INCA TUPAC AMARU II. ??- Abril 1781 Inca Tupac Amaru II, nispa: Manañam kunanmanta wakchakayniykiwan wiraqocha* mikhunqañachu!! (From this day, no longer shall the Spanish feast on your poverty!)
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(Inca
Roca with his son)
