Fraser Island

Located on South Eastern Coast of Queensland, approximately 300km north of Brisbane

Fraser Island

lies off the southeastern coast of Queensland, Australia, separated from the mainland by the Great Sandy Strait and is the world's largest sand island. It is about 120 km (about 75 miles) long and ranges in width from about 7 to 22 km (about 4.5 to 14 miles).

The island has multiple layers of sand deposits which make up the massive dune system, providing a geological record of climatic and sea level changes over the past 700,000 years.

Tall rainforests soar out of the sand dunes which are up to 400,000 years old and rise to heights of about 240 m (about 787 ft). Rain forests grow on the sand dunes of Fraser Island, unlike on other sand islands. Hoop, kauri, blackbutt, and satinay trees are common.

The glorious island is a drawcard for hundreds of thousands of people each year. It's idyllic settings, untouched rainforest, freshwater lakes, curious rock formations and spectacular flora and fauna have visitors mesmerised.

The delicate environment originally developed from materials weathered from the mountain ranges of northern New South Wales.

Through time, eastward flowing rivers, ocean currents and prevailing south-easterly winds transported large quantities of sand northward, accumulating at rocky headlands such as Indian Head.

Without protection of stabilising plants, sand is free to move at the whim of nature's forces.

Fraser Island is listed among an elite selection of critically important sites around the world.

Fraser Island was named after a Scottish sea captain, James Fraser and his wife Eliza.

Under the command of Captain James Fraser, the brig, "Stirling Castle" set sail from Sydney for Singapore in May 1836. A week later it was stranded on a reef off what is now Rockhampton. Taking to boats, the survivors, including Captain Fraser and his wife Eliza, headed south in a bid to reach the settlement at Moreton Bay. Several days later and with the crew mutinous, they beached on what is now named Fraser Island, resorting eventually to walking their way south. After some early encounters with local Aborigines, they were taken, stripped naked, and made to work. Captain Fraser was speared, finally dying of his wounds some days later.

Eliza Fraser and the First Mate, Brown, finally escaped with the assistance of one of the natives, since believed to be an escaped convict, David Bracewell, who had been living with the tribe. After a harrowing saga that lasted some two months, Eliza was eventually delivered to a rescue party Her story gained worldwide sympathy and notoriety She returned to England, her account of the tale growing in detail and horror with each telling. She received donations from a public appeal in Sydney and played upon the sympathies of audiences, eventually regaling her much embroided story to side-show audiences.

Captain James Cook is credited with the official European discovery of Fraser Island in May of 1770, even though he did not realise it was an island. Cook gave names to many of the landmarks, names which still survive, but he was not the first European to the region. He was preceded in his discovery by as much as 250 years by the voyage of de Menonca, a Portugese explorer, who was thought to have visited the region around 1521. Dutch explorers were also thought to have visited before Cook, with relics at Indian Head dating back to the 17th century.

About thirty years after Cook, Matthew Flinders landed at the northern end of Fraser from his ship "Investigator" in 1802. Like Cook, he had failed to realise Fraser was an island and it was not till 1822 when Captain William Lawrence Edwardson, commissioned by Governor Brisbane to find a new site for a penal settlement, discovered the channel which divided Fraser from the mainland.

It was in search of the grave of Captain Fraser that Andrew Petrie first visited Fraser Island. While he failed to find the grave, he did discover the wealth of kauri pine on the island. It was the catalyst for the region's settlement, though logging didn't commence for a further twenty years. A flamboyant American, John Piggott, known as `Yankee Jack', was the first of the island's timber- getters, felling kauri pine near Wanggoolba Creek and rafting it across Hervey Bay to Maryborough, where William Pettigrew had established the Dundathu Mill.

A Sydney company, H. McKenzie Ltd, established the only mill on the island after acquiring timber rights to 10,000 acres of Fraser in 1919. They built McKenzie Jetty of which a few rotting pylons remain, and a tramline.

Blackbutt and kauri had been the focus of much of the timber-getting, but by 1925, the qualities of Fraser's unique satinay were becoming noticed. Also known as turpentine trees, they resisted marine borers and didn't rot in sea water. Consequently satinay was prized and logs from Fraser were shipped worldwide. Some were used in the sidings of the Suez Canal and still more were used to re-build London Docks after World War II.

During World War II a commando training station was established on Fraser Island, near McKenzie Jetty. With the Japanese having occupied Singapore, the commandos trained on Fraser Island for a daring raid known as Operation Jaywick. The raid took place in 1943 using a former Japanese fishing boat, renamed "Krait", to get to islands near Singapore.

Fraser Island

There are more than 40 deep freshwater lakes on the island, some of which are perched high above sea level. Lake Boemingen, the largest of these lakes, is almost 200 hectares (almost 495 acres) in area.

Prior to European occupation the island was home to several thousand Aborigines. The island is exceptionally rich in plant life. There are well-preserved tidal marshes, subtropical rain forests and communities of mangroves on the western side of the island, and heaths and open forests on the east.

Central Station

Central Station was once the hub of the forestry industry on Fraser Island, employing over 100 people. It is now a camping area with an Information Centre containing some of the history of the area. A regular stop on the bus tours where tourists are invited to take the option of a short or long walk through the magnificent rainforest. Some of the vegetation has links back to flora existing thousands of years ago

The Maheno was a 5282 ton triple screw turbine steamer luxury liner, accommodating 254 first class and 201 second class passengers. Built in Dumbarton, Scotland in 1905 it had a top speed of 19 knots and broke all previous records on the run between Melbourne and Sydney in 1905.

During World War I the Maheno was converted to a hospital ship by the New Zealand Government in 1919. The Maheno was taken out of service in 1935 and sold for scrap metal to the Japanese firm, Taminosuke Myachi of Kobe.

The Maheno left Melbourne on 25 June 1935 in tow behind the Oonah, a 1700 ton coaster which had also been sold to the same buyer. During a fierce cyclone the tow rope broke and the Maheno drifted ashore and became stranded between Happy Valley and Cathedral Beach on Fraser Island in July of 1935. All attempts to refloat her failed and was eventually abandoned.

At the beginning of World War II the ship was used as target practise by the Bunderburg aviation training school. Square holes remain in the middle section of the hull, resulting from World War II demolition practice by the Z force commandos, using limpet mines.The past 60 years of waves and weathering have reduced this once huge vessel to a small rusting hulk.

More than 50 vessels have been wrecked in the waters and shores of Fraser Island and the Great Sandy Region. The area became of such concern that a 20 metre lighthouse was constructed at Sandy Cape on the northern tip of the island in 1870.

But even with the lighthouse, wrecks still occurred. Today, the most notable wreck is the "Maheno", a former trans-Tasman luxury liner and a World War I hospital ship, which grounded north of Happy Valley during a Winter cyclone in 1935.

Further north, the "Marloo" has become a favourite dive site. The former Italian luxury yacht beached some five kilometres north of Waddy Point, after encountering rough currents on Sandy Cape Shoal back in 1914. It now lies beneath the surface of the water.

Humpback whales are sometimes seen offshore. Much of the island is protected as the Great Sandy National Park. In 1992 the park was inscribed on the World Heritage List, a listing by the World Heritage Convention of the world's unique and precious places.

Fraser Island	Eliza Fraser
Discovery	Logging
"Z" Force	Whales
More details on Fraser Island	Shipwrecks and Lighthouses

Fraser Island

lies off the southeastern coast of Queensland, Australia, separated from the mainland by the Great Sandy Strait and is the world's largest sand island. It is about 120 km (about 75 miles) long and ranges in width from about 7 to 22 km (about 4.5 to 14 miles).

Tall rainforests soar out of the sand dunes which are up to 400,000 years old and rise to heights of about 240 m (about 787 ft). Rain forests grow on the sand dunes of Fraser Island, unlike on other sand islands. Hoop, kauri, blackbutt, and satinay trees are common.

Fraser Island

There are more than 40 deep freshwater lakes on the island, some of which are perched high above sea level. Lake Boemingen, the largest of these lakes, is almost 200 hectares (almost 495 acres) in area.

Prior to European occupation the island was home to several thousand Aborigines. The island is exceptionally rich in plant life. There are well-preserved tidal marshes, subtropical rain forests and communities of mangroves on the western side of the island, and heaths and open forests on the east.

Central Station

The Maheno was a 5282 ton triple screw turbine steamer luxury liner, accommodating 254 first class and 201 second class passengers. Built in Dumbarton, Scotland in 1905 it had a top speed of 19 knots and broke all previous records on the run between Melbourne and Sydney in 1905.

During World War I the Maheno was converted to a hospital ship by the New Zealand Government in 1919. The Maheno was taken out of service in 1935 and sold for scrap metal to the Japanese firm, Taminosuke Myachi of Kobe.

A portion of the above information was contributed By: David Mercer "Fraser Island," Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia. 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

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