1) Spin Slash and first magic meter
Hold down B and wait for your sword to charge up then release to use this magic.  Hold B longer for an even more powerful one. Go to the top of Death Mountain and bomb the rock to the left of the sign to find the great fairy.

2) Din's Fire
Makes a ball of fire surround you burning enemies and lighting torches. Go to the Hyrule Castle grounds (after the Market) and find the rock with a sign that says dead end.  Blow up the rock with a bomb and enter the cave to find this great fairy.

3) Farore's Wind
Set's up a warp point at the last doorway you went through and then either dispels it or warps you to it if you use it again. Go to the Zora's Fountain (behind King Zora in Zora's Domain) and look behind Jabu-Jabu to find a little island.  Bomb the rock in the wall here to find this great fairy.

4) Double magic meter
First you need the Megaton Hammer from the Fire Temple.  Then go to King Goron's room.  Go through the back of his room and enter the Death Mountain crater.  Immediately go right over a bridge to a cave blocked by two red rocks.  Destroy the red rocks using the hammer and enter the cave to find the fairy.

5) Nayru's Love
Puts a protective barrier around you for a time. Warp to the Colossus Giant and look for 2 palm trees with a gap in between them. Bomb the crack in the wall there to find this fairy.

6) Double life
Makes you take half damage from enemies After you get the Golden Gauntlet in Gannon's Castle, go outside to where the fairy fountain was that you got Din's Fire in and lift the huge pillar-rock up to find this last fairy.