Tours

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0 height="100%"><tr> <td valign="top" width=200 BGCOLOR="#003333" TEXT="#F7F7FF" background="040d4c00dduajq.gif"> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="95" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 46 WIDTH="91"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="46" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="91" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="0970e670.gif" border=0 width="526" height="359" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </td> <td valign="top" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#003333" FACE="Arial" ><B>TOUCHARD: One Name Study</B></FONT>     |     <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="TOUCHARD: One Name Study"><U>home</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id17.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="About Us"><U>About Us</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id21.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Contact Me"><U>Contact Me</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id26.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Huguenots"><U>Huguenots</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id27.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="England"><U>England</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id28.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="France"><U>France</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id34.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Bethnal Green"><U>Bethnal Green</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id35.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="BethnalGreen1851"><U>BethnalGreen1851</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id36.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="BriansBranches"><U>Brian'sBranches</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id37.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Canada"><U>Canada</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id38.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="LondonChurches"><U>LondonChurches</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id39.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="EnglishTouchards"><U>EnglishTouchards</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id40.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Fiction"><U>Fiction</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id41.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ireland"><U>Ireland</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id42.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Lace"><U>Lace</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id43.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="London"><U>London</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id44.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="LondonHuguenots"><U>LondonHuguenots</U></A>   |   <B>Tours</B>   |   <A HREF="id56.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Tushaws"><U>Tushaws</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id57.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="UKTouchards"><U>UKTouchards</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id46.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Me"><U>Me</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id47.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="NorthAmerica"><U>NorthAmerica</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id48.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Olives Tree"><U>Olive's Tree</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id49.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="PamsPods"><U>Pam'sPods</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id50.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Paris"><U>Paris</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id51.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="PrintTrade"><U>PrintTrade</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id52.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Rhine"><U>Rhine</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id53.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Shoreditch"><U>Shoreditch</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id54.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Silkweaving"><U>Silkweaving</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id55.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="TessasTwigs"><U>Tessa'sTwigs</U></A></div> <div> Tours</div> <div> <U>Touraine Area of France</U><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> <U>The city of Tours</U><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> <U>Touring-Tours</U><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> HISTORY OF LOIRE </div> <div> The Protestants played a major role in the countryside around Nantes : the Rohans, owners of the Blain caslte, were a powerful Protestant family. The castle of Bretesche, le Croisic, Machecoul, Pornic were also, at one time, in the hands of Protestants. But the city of Nantes was quite hostile towards Protestants </div> <div> One of the quarters renovated in the XVIII century was the quay of the Fosse quarter. The quays of the Fosse were enlarged, the shipowners built their mansions there. </div> <div> Tourain historical and cultural region encompassing the central French département of Indre-et-Loire and coextensive with the former province of Touraine. The historical province of Touraine wasbounded northeast by Orléanais, southeast by Berry, southwest by Poitou, west by Anjou, andnorth by Maine. </div> <div> In Roman times the country was inhabited by the Gallic tribe of the Turones, from whom thename of the province and also that of its capital, Tours, are derived. The Turones were unwarlike and offered practically no resistance to the invader, though they joined in the revolt ofVercingetorix in 52 Bc. The capital city, Caesarodunum, which was built on the site of the eastern part of the present city of Tours, was made by Valentinian the metropolis of the 3rd Lyonnaise, which included roughly the later provinces of Touraine, Brittany, Maine, and Anjou. Christianity seems to have been introduced into Touraine not much earlier than the beginning of the 4th century Ad, although tradition assigns St. Gatien, the first bishop of Tours, to the 3rd. The ecclesiastical province dates from the episcopate of the great St. Martin of Tours, who in the 4th century founded the Abbey of Marmoutier, near Tours, and whose tomb in the city became a celebrated shrine. In the 5th century the country was incorporated in the Visigothic kingdom, which stretched from the Loire River into Spain. When Clovis overthrew the Visigothic power in Gaul in 507, Touraine became part of the Frankish kingdom. During the partitions of the kingdom between the successors of Clovis, Touraine was much disputed. Local counts did less to civilize the country than churchmen did; and under Charlemagne the abbot Alcuin enhanced its cultural prestige. In the second half of the 9th century Touraine was dominated by Robert the Strong and his successors or by their nominees. In the 10th century it was fiercely contested between the counts of Blois and of Anjou. The Angevin Geoffrey Martel won the country in 1044. </div> <div> Philip II Augustus of France, during his long struggle against the Angevin kings of England, reconquered Touraine in 1203-05. In 1360 it was raised to a peerage duchy, remaining on the French side of the frontier drawn by the Treaty of Brétigny between France and England. In that crucial phase of the Hundred Years' War characterized by the campaigns of Joan of Arc, Touraine was the principal base of King Charles VII. Louis XI made Plessin-lès-Tours his favourite seat. The magnificent châteaus--in fact, palaces--at Amboise, Azay-le-Rideau, andChenonceaux bear witness to the splendour of the province in the latter period of the Renaissance. </div> <div> The establishment of the royal residence at distant Versailles and the forced emigration of its Huguenot silk weavers led to the area's decline after 1700. The province was abolished in 1790, during the French Revolution, when France was reorganized into départements. The districts of northern Touraine (Chemillé, Saint-Cyr-du-Gault, and Montrichard) went to </div> <div> Loir-et-Cher, the southeast (Brenne, with Châtillon-sur-Indre and Azay-le-Ferron) to Indre, and the extreme southwest (La Roche-Posay and Saint-Romain) to Vienne; but the formerly Poitevin Richelieu and the formerly Angevin Bourgueil, Gizeux, and Château-la-Vallière were annexed to the greater part of Touraine to form the département of Indre-et-Loire. </div> <div> The traditional large estates of Touraine have for the most part disappeared. The communes of Bourgueil, Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil, Restigné, Benais, and Ingrandes produce fine red wines. The red wines of Joué-lès-Tours, Saint-Avertin, Sainte-Radegonde-en-Touraine, Larçay, and Chambourg-sur-Indre come from vineyards on the left bank of the Loire River and along the Indre River. </div> <div> Much of the population of Touraine is of Celtic origin. Roman Catholicism predominates, but immigrants from The Netherlands have augmented the Calvinist population. The langue d'oïl (i.e., the forerunner of modern French) was the dominant language from the 17th century. AN historical turning point came when the French Huguenot silk weavers arrived and settled, bringing with them money, a status and a trade. They made their workshops in the rooms and attics above shops that still line the streets off Brick Lane today. Mulberry bushes were planted in every available space in the area, as they attract the butterfly which lays the silk worm eggs. It is from this that the nunsery rhyme 'Here we go round the Mulberry Bush' is derived. </div> <div> Two Hundred years ago the silk weaving trade was prospering and the 'click-clack of the looms, together with the singing of the caged birds hanging in the windows (for which the Huguenots were equally famous) could be heard at all hours of the day and night. </div> <div> By the 12th and 13th centuries Italy had become the silk center of the West, but by the 17th century France was challenging Italy's leadership. The silk looms established in the Lyons area at that time are still famous today for the unique beauty of their weaving. </div> <bR> <div> TOUCHARD IN LYON </div> <div> 1428-1788- Correspondance reçue par la commune . Lettres originales des députés et agents </div> <div> d'affaires de la ville. </div> <div> - pièce 18 : Henri Touchard (1584) </div> <div> cahier des charges 30 juin 1999 </div> <div> ... la construction du port de Roanne (à Lyon) et de la boucherie de la ... Guérin Torvéon </div> <div> (1479) - pièce 18 : Henri Touchard (1584) - pièce 19 : Monsieur Tricaud ... </div> <div> www.mairie-lyon.fr/fr/archives/fonds/aa/11.htm </div> <div> cc </div> <div> ... alors à Chambery, ne fut apportée à Lyon par les marchandises. _ Voyage de Bertrand ... d'Armignac </div> <div> ". _ Paiement à Henry Touchard " pour les fraiz d'un voiage ... </div> <div> www.mairie-lyon.fr/fr/archives/fonds/cc/106.htm - 78k " A Raphaël Calonges, la somme de vingt-cinq escuz sol. à luy ordonnée pour le récompenser en partie des pertes qu'il a eues en ung voiage dud. Consulat vers mons. le cardinal d'Armignac ". _ Paiement à Henry Touchard " pour les fraiz d'un voiage qu'il a faict au mois de janv. MVcLXXVI en Bourgongne par commandement du Consulat de lad. ville pour faire amener les bledz aud. Lion. _ Gages de deMasso ; _ de Bertrand Castel, voyer de la ville ; _ d'Antoine Guillien de Salla, capitaine de la ville. _ Gages des commis aux portes " pour avoir et tenir l'oeil sur les entrans et sortans d'icelle ville ". _ " Gages des commis à ouvrir et fermer chacun jour les portes de lad. ville ". _ Gages de Claude de Rubys, procureur général, de Benoît Dutroncy, de Bertrand Castel, de Guillien de Salla, de Claude de Fenoil, de Jean Raze, de Vincent Dru, de Mathieu Ollier, de Pierre Blache, de Claude Sonthonaz, officiers de la ville. </div> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>