Once delineated, the details become clear to the naked eye even on unretouched photos,
except for the main Face, the Ra face, which has to be computer enhanced to see plainly.
The lines are so clean that the additional details of a five pointed, star shaped, human faced diadem is evident on the center of Ra's helmet,
similar in design to the golden sun face found in Cuzco's Temple of the Sun which was melted down by the Spaniards in the sixteenth century,
after the conquistador Leguizano lost it in a gambling match. That famous sun face bore a human expression with a radiant smile,
as is witnessed by old Spanish woodcuts reproduced in the works of Potsdam astronomy professor Rolf Muller and in Zecharia Sitchin's The host Realms,
and so it appears does the face of the Ra diadem. The overlapping of the projecting beak can be seen in the "figure-eight" formation of the
mouth with a definite point hanging over its center line. The Thoth face shows marked and even horizontal striping across it
~ making it clearly a mandrill ~ and has two other simian faces above it, a chimpanzee over the right eye and a gorilla over the left.
Baboons, and so possibly other simians, were sacred to Thoth.
Though their identities have not been officially verified (plainly not a possibility, when the faces themselves have yet to be officially acknowledged),
the faces will be referred to in this study as being those of Ra and Thoth. Hoagland believes the central Face to be an image of Homo erectus,
the theoretical evolutionary stage of man at the estimated time of the Cydonia complex construction, circa 450,000 years ago,
but admits in his text that the central Cydonia Face may indeed be "Horus of the Horizon" from Egyptian mythology,
and Horus is essentially another manifestation of the hawk god Ra.
He makes mention of the fact that the actual Egyptian name for Horus is Heru, the sun god,
which Robert K. G. Temple comments in his book The Sirius Mystery is also synonymous with "face."
Egyptian hieroglyphs communicate on more than one level at once and are extremely sophisticated,
employing what many researchers have referred to as "sacred puns."
As Temple puts it, "In Egyptian the letter `I' and the letter `~' are entirely interchangeable and have the same hieroglyph.
Consequently, Heru could just as reliably be Helu. If one takes Helu and puts a Greek ending on it one gets Helios
. . .~who was the Greek god of the sun.
One geometrical feature publicized by NASA as early as August 18, 1976, was "parallel contours [that] look very much
like an aerial view of ploughed ground . . . in a shadowed depression or basin," found on Viking frame 52A35.
These are a series of what seem to be concentric semicircles, about a half mile from end to end, not unlike those in the mountains of Peru's Sacred Valley.
There are a great many more mathematical and geometrical points of interest in this ongoing study, such as evenly spaced mounds indicative of aerial runway
markers and a cleanly pentagonal (or imperfectly seen heptagonal) structure in the Utopia region.
Interested readers should consult the aforementioned researchers for more details.
For the purposes of this study, it is sufficiently demonstrated that the faces
and complex in the Cydonia region of Mars are clearly the product of a designing intelligence.
The findings of the Mars Mission have been independently verified by scientists in other countries,
including geologist Dr. Vladimir Avinsky in Russia in 1983.
Predictably, while public interest on the subject has moved in cycles, official interest has been lacking.
It cannot be doubted that behind the scenes, as in UFO investigations, there is a team of some sort that is the equivalent of Hoagland's Mars Mission,
or that at least keeps tabs on their research. The ever-debunking Carl Sagan, who once observed that "Intelligent life on Earth first reveals itself through
the geometric regularity of its constructions," referred to the central Mars Face as "merely seeing Jesus Christ on a tortilla chip" in a Parade article.
Once he publicly scoffed at Hoagland's findings, only to privately corral Hoagland later to ask him just what findings he had, anxious to be the first to read
his manuscript before it was submitted for publication, as he did at a 1985 conference.
Articles periodically appear in various popular science magazines such as Omni and Discover,
but no public scientific debate has occurred on the subject other than at amateur meetings and conferences such as Hoagland's Mars Mission group.
One place the Face and pyramids did make frequent guest appearances was in the tabloids,
which Hoagland has charged is a deliberate move to deflect public attention by ridiculing the subject.
It should be mentioned that one of the biggest disinformation sources on the UFO subject, William Cooper,
has stated outright that tabloids are sometimes used for precisely that purpose.
Hoagland published his book on the subject in 1987, updating it in 1992
before the failure of the next Mars probe, the Observer, in August of the following year.
As Hoagland's book was being published, NASA put out an article and photograph in the September 1, 1987, New York Times: the picture was of
a football shaped fragment of rock ~ one of several discovered in Antarctica in 1979 ~ that could plainly be seen to be the corner connection
between four separate blocks, not unlike the appearance of pre Inca ruins on Earth or the aptly named "Inca City' on Mars.
The Antarctic rocks had formerly been believed to be SNC meteorites, the name given to eight fragments discovered in India, Egypt,
and France from 1815 to 1865 that had been unique for their 1.3 billion year old age where most meteorites are 4.5 billion years old.
The Antarctic and SNC rock samples (the Times article no longer made any pretense to their being called meteorites)
both proved to have rare gas content virtually identical to the atmospheric composition of Mars,
containing traces of isotopic Nitrogen 14, Argon 40 and 36, Neon 20. Krypton 84, and Xenon 13.
The possibility of such combinations occurring randomly is astronomical, leaving the conclusion that these are, in fact, Mars rocks.
Any remaining ambiguity is removed by U.S. Geological Surveyist Jeffrey S. Kargel's unequivocal comment, on the May 20, 1995,
edition of Sightings on CBS, that "We have in our laboratories and museums chunks of Mars that have come to the Earth.
Maybe terrestrial life has its roots on Mars. Maybe we're all evolved Martians."
That fragments of Martian rock should be on Earth at all is a mystery, to say the least,
let alone that they should be nearly 1.5 billion years old, and it is especially amazing
that one sample (that we know of) should plainly show evidence of intelligent construction.
Between the publication of Hoagland's book and the launching of the Observer probe,
the Soviets sent a mission to Mars on July 12, 1988: the probes Phobos 1 and Phobos 2.
Several other countries had an investment in the Phobos project, including the European Space Agency, France, and West Germany.
After two months, Phobos 1 was reported lost, presumably due to loss of the radio link ~ the same reason given in 1993 for the loss of Observer by the Americans.
Phobos 2 arrived at Mars in January of 1989 and established stable orbit.
On March 28, it left the Martian orbit to establish a new orbit around its curious moonlet Phobos
~ the probe's primary mission, hence its name ~ and then "failed to communicate with Earth as scheduled," according to the news service Tass.
Again, the stated reason was loss of the radio link, but no explanation as to why the link should have been lost was available.
Despite reassurances that the probe link would probably be reestablished, Glavkosmos (the Soviet NASA)
agent Nikolai A. Simyanov stated that he believed the spacecraft was lost for good.
The Soviets were no strangers to failed Mars probes: they lost six starting in October of 1960, ending with Zond 2 in April 1965.
These failures did not go unnoticed by American scientists, who uneasily began joking about the "Great Galactic Ghoul,"
but managed their own successful Mariner series following the loss of Mariner 3 in November of 1964 when its protective shroud didn't open.
Mariner 4's twenty two successfully returned images of Mars in 1965 were followed by almost ten times as many from Mariners 6 and 7in 1969.
As Mariner 9 orbited Mars in 1971, the Russians succeeded in being the first to land on the Red Planet.
Their missions, Mars 2 and Mars 3, arrived about two weeks after Mariner 9.
Mars 2 crashed, reportedly due to a Martian dust storm, but Mars 3 landed its rover,
becoming the first transmitter of images from the Martian surface.
It was not revealed until the Americans lost their Observer probe in 1993 that Mars 3's rover ceased transmission
just twenty seconds into its debarkation, for reasons unknown.
On March 31, 1989, the European press ran a number of articles concerning an inexplicable object
that Phobos 2 had photographed between itself and Mars in its last few seconds of transmission.
A thin ellipse with sharpened points (the points in a shape gem cutters call a "marquise"),
about twelve and a half miles long, was the object in question.
It was symmetrical, unlike the shadow Phobos itself casts, which is in a larger potato shape.
Nor was this the only object of its sort that Phobos 2 had photographed:
a few days earlier, an identical shadow between sixteen and nineteen miles long was captured by the cameras.
The Soviets were clearly convinced it was not the shadow of the moonlet Phobos, as they referred to this recurring, symmetrical shadow as a "phenomenon."
A Vremya reporter inquired directly whether or not this was a rocket ship of some sort,
and the space agency representative refused comment, other than to say it would be "to fantasize."
Aviation Week and Space technology's April 3, 1989, issue ran a story about the loss of the radio link,
and the April 7 issue of Science ran the same story but added one new detail:
that the probe's signal was weakly detected for a brief time a few hours after its loss, implying that it was in a spin.
Further confirmation of this came from Paris in the April 10 Aviation Week and Space Technology,
from sources quoting the Soviets as saying they were "tracking a spinner," which greatly puzzled the French
because the satellite's stabilization system had performed so well for the Soviets on their Venus missions.
It did admit to the presence of the unknown shadow, but implied that it was the satellite's jettisoned propulsion system (which was an impossibility).
Aside from these, American news carried no stories at all on developments in researching the Phobos 2 loss for some time.
Again ignored by the American media were further reports issued by the Soviets
in response to international pressure about three months later, which ran in Europe and Canada as curiosities.
Except for the final few frames, which still have not been released, Phobos 2's final transmissions were aired on television.
In the equatorial region of Mars (where all the unusual surface features so far discovered on that planet occur, and over which Phobos regularly orbits), what appeared
to be an intelligently designed area of more than 230 square miles was plainly visible, consisting of rows of parallel straight lines and rectangles of varying length.
The most curious thing about them was that only infrared cameras, and not standard cameras, had photographed them ~ meaning that they were a heat source,
and by implication beneath the Martian surface, though this suggestion tends to remain unvoiced by most.
Radio Moscow's science correspondent Boris Bolitsky said that the "quite remarkable features"
were either on the planet's surface or "in the lower atmosphere," a strange comment indeed.
Dr. John Becklake of the London Science Museum made comments on Canadian television about them,
describing them as puzzling and saying that he certainly didn't know what they were.
"The city like pattern is 60 kilometers wide," he said, "and could easily be mistaken for an aerial view of Los Angeles."
Of the actual probe loss, Becklake confirmed the "thin ellipse" seen between Phobos 2 and the Martian surface and added
that it was picked up both by visual and infrared cameras, verifying that it was not the shadow of the Martian moonlet, to anyone who may have been in doubt.
He also gave out some additional information, such as the fact that the ellipse had been seen just as Phobos 2 was aligning itself with Phobos,
and that "As the last picture was halfway through, (the Soviets) saw something which should not be there.
(They) have not yet released this picture, and we won't speculate on what it shows."
Where Becklake would not speculate, the Soviets themselves confirmed in the October 19, 1989, issue of Nature
that one of two things took out their probe: it was a computer malfunction, or else some object "impacted" the probe.
Computer malfunction seems unlikely, since the probe was spinning at one point and its signals were detected pointed at Earth
~ which would mean that radio contact should have been reestablished, or at least could have been.
The Glavkosmos chairman reluctantly admitted, in explaining the probe loss to Aviation Week and Space Technology,
that the last frame taken by Phobos 2 "appears to include an odd-shaped object between the space craft and Mars."
All possible known sources-including "space dust" were ruled out as causes for the photographed object or the loss of the probe that imaged them.
Which leaves, by strict definition, an unidentified flying object ~ or more than one, given the differences in size and dates of the objects photographed.
One item of importance was noticed before the loss of Phobos 2: there were more of the regular grooves or trenches in the moonlet's surface
than had been there at the time of the Viking mission thirteen years before. "New grooves can be identified," were the Soviets' exact words.
The mission had confirmed that they were in fact regular, of a uniform width of seven hundred to one thousand feet, and seventy five to ninety feet deep.
The material in their sides is brighter than the surface of Phobos, and they run parallel to each other, all converging on the gigantic crater "hole" at Phobos' tip.
Something else the Viking mission discovered was that chains of small craters were in tandem with the grooves.
How these could occur in nature, on an astral body with no volcanic activity, is a mystery.
Similar craters have been discovered on our own Moon, believed to be the product of volcanism, but those seen on Phobos bring this interpretation into question.
As to the fabled canals of Mars itself, there is no clear answer concerning them.
Where the prevailing opinion is that astronomers had simply been perceiving an illusion since first spotting them,
there is presently no proposed explanation as to just what landforms or conditions could have caused such an illusion,
let alone one perceived by all observers in all ages, including our own.
NASA launched the last probe to Mars on September 25, 1992, at the cost of more than a billion dollars.
Having first been delayed by Hurricane Andrew, NASA discovered on a safety check that the specially filtered nitrogen hoses,
meant to keep out any external debris, had somehow failed in their job: bits of fiber, metal filings, dirt, paper, and even plaster of paris were discovered inside.
The probe's special high resolution camera was similarly contaminated. NASA investigated the highly suspicious debris,
obviously more indicative of deliberate sabotage than hurricane damage, but never announced their findings publicly.
Shortly after launch, the probe was believed "blown up" when it failed to respond to radio signals for over a half hour,
according to Reuters news service. Somehow contact was reestablished, and Observer winged its way to Mars.
Then, on August 21, 1993, three days from its destination, Observer was permanently lost. The radio link was first to be blamed,
followed by later speculations that one or another system had leaked and caused an explosion. No final determination was possible.
Nor could the Observer loss even be considered an exceptional incident. Since the explosion of the shuttle Challenger in 1986,
NASA was unable to accomplish a successful major launch until after the Observer disappearance. A number of satellites were lost,
including a $1.5 billion CIA satellite that exploded less than a minute into launch, recalling such "deflections" as the Juno 2 in 1959,
the tracking by Cape Kennedy of a UFO which followed a Polaris missile over the south Atlantic in 1961, and the sabotage of Atlas
and Minuteman missiles in 1966 and 1975 at Malmstrom Air Force Base. In fact, until the repair of the Hubble Space Telescope
after the Observer loss ~ -which also initially failed ~ NASA had nothing but a string of seemingly cursed ventures.
NASA's official stance has always been (like all other government agencies) that it has no interest in (or investigative body into) UFOs,
though its 1967 Management Instruction states plainly that "it is KSC (Kennedy Space Center) policy to respond
to reported sightings of space vehicle fragments and unidentified flying objects as promptly as possible,"
adding that "under no circumstances will the origin of the object be discussed" with any observer reporting them.
Charges of sabotage and withholding of evidence were inevitable in the wake of Observer's loss, especially when it was discovered that,
against protocol and the advice of the manufacturers (though NASA claims it was General Electric's and Martin Marietta's idea), the radio link
had been ordered shut off at Mission Control, ostensibly because it would somehow assist the probe in the automatic pressurizing of its fuel system.
This is utterly inexplicable, since telemetry (as it is called) is simply never shut off during any mission,
for exactly the reason that became apparent with Observer: it may never come back on.
Richard Hoagland and Professor Emeritus Stanley McDaniel from Sonoma State University (Department of Philosophy),
another major proponent for increased study of Cydonia, were quick to point out the tremendous convenience in timing concerning Observer's telemetry loss.
It occurred on the eve of a press conference in which McDaniel's lengthy report challenging NASA candor with the public was to be discussed between Hoagland
and Observer Mission scientist Dr. Bevan French (who did not read or discuss the report on the air) on Good Morning America, and was not announced until
the day after the telecast, despite the fact that the radio link was lost the night before. It also did not go unnoticed that the link was intact
until Observer's controllers had managed to upload the probe's commands and complete all necessary manipulations to get it into its prearranged orbit,
meaning that Observer would automatically continue its mission, but Mission Control would not be able to receive the images it transmitted
~ or, that someone at Mission Control might know exactly how to retrieve those images, but without the public
(or possibly even most of NASA) ever knowing it. In short, that Observer could be privately monitored.
It didn't help matters any that the head of NASA, Admiral Richard Truly, was fired by President George Bush while he was investigating
Congressman Howard Wolpe's (D-MI) allegations that the Space Agency had been officially ordered to circumvent the Freedom of Information Act.
Wolpe had discovered a two page set of instructions while Congress was looking into ways to develop the SP-100 nuclear space reactor.
"This NASA document," he was quoted by Associated Press from his letter to Truly, "instructs government employees to:
1, rewrite and even destroy documents `to minimize adverse impact';
2, mix up documents and camouflage handwriting so that the document's significance would be `less meaningful';
and 3, take steps to `enhance the utility of various FOIA exemptions." Truly, who was committed to openness and honesty, was replaced by
Daniel Goldin, a quarter-century TRW defense industry contractor of top-secret satellite equipment with a history of "black-op" (secret operations) experience.
The subject of Professor McDaniel's concern was a 1958 NASA commissioned Brookings Institute report (available to Congress three years later)
on potential pursuits in space. Exceeding two hundred pages in length, the document discusses the possibility of encountering "artifacts left
at some point in time" by intelligent extraterrestrials, which "might be discovered through our space activities on the Moon, Mars, or Venus."
Like the 1968 NSA paper on "UFO Hypothesis and Survival Questions," it asked which circumstances would justify withholding information from the public,
citing anthropological examples of "societies sure of their place in the universe, which have disintegrated when
they had to associate with previously unfamiliar societies espousing different ideas and different life ways.
. . ."Fundamentalist religious and other "anti-science" sects were considered the highest risk group to
exposure of such information, followed by ~ interestingly enough ~ scientists and engineers, since
"these professions most clearly associate with the mastery of nature," and so might be "the most devastated by the discovery of relatively superior creatures."
Another study, done by Marshall Space Flight Center's design engineer, Joseph F. Blumrich, concluded after eighteen months
that we would eventually find evidence of extraterrestrial visits on the Moon, and that both it and Earth had been regular visitation sites.
Yet another study ~ Technical Report R-277 ~ also undertaken by NASA, compiled by Barbara M. Middlehurst and called the
"Chronological Catalogue of Reported Lunar Events" (currently available through the Sourcebook Project),
listed 579 reliable sightings of unusual lunar phenomena from 1540 to 1967.
It should be noted that, like all other agencies involved in any of the myriad aspects of UFO investigation, NASA is demonstrably somewhat schizophrenic.
There was never any attempt to conceal either the Elysium or Cydonia pyramids, or the now-famous Face in that region, only an attempt to downplay them,
and to "ignore them and maybe they'll go away." The photos are published and discussed, at quite some detail and length, in many sources, and copies of the pictures
can be obtained by interested researchers. The Space Agency has even volunteered such information as the rocks of Martian origin discovered in Antarctica,
without any external prompting. Yet, on the Observer probe, evidence of possible sabotage before launch, inexplicable breach of protocol and suspicious activity
during, and cover-up following can be seen, with papers brought to light by a congressman proving attempts to circumvent the Freedom of Information Act after the fact.
The lattermost could easily be explained by there being a former CIA head as president of the country at the time, but the no less conservative Ronald Reagan
was in office when NASA publicized the Antarctic Mars rocks ~ though, it should be noted, Reagan witnessed a UFO while governor of California and is on record
as having a great interest in the subject, and so may have been less hostile to openness concerning it. It most appears that there is no standardized policy
on how to treat such information, and its availability is entirely dependent on who is asked about it.
Written coincidentally with the formation of NASA, the Brookings Institute report stated
that man will not come face to face with intelligent extraterrestrial life "within the next twenty years," as though this were
somehow an eventual certainty, but emphasized the likelihood of encountering artifacts on our three nearest celestial neighbors.
And, given the current evidence for there having once been a civilization, or at least a base, on Mars, the obvious question should arise:
wouldn't such a race, if they had built structures on Earth as well (as the evidence indicates), also have used our Moon as a base? And where we have
sent only robot probes to Mars and Venus, information on which is only now beginning to be processed and studied, we have actually set foot on the Moon.
Our astronauts never reported finding any artifacts there. But we have reason to suspect NASA has not told us everything they discovered on the Moon.
Again, we have evidence not so much of cover-up, but of less than total candor.
The Brookings Institute and Joseph Blumrich seem to have actually anticipated our finding artifacts beyond Earth.
On what might they have based that assessment?
As with Mars, but stretching much further back, the Moon has been the subject of a variety of anomalous historical reports. The discoverer of Uranus,
Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel, saw many small, bright, luminous points on the Moon, in 1783, 1787, and finally on October 2, 1790, during a total lunar eclipse.
On March 7, 1794, Dr. William Wilkins of Norwich saw a light so bright he equated it with a star, on the dark of the Moon's disk, visible to the naked eye.
"It lasted for 15 minutes," he said, "and was a fixed and steady light which brightened. It was brighter than any light part of the moon,
and the moment before it disappeared, the brightness increased. Two persons passing also saw it." So did a servant of Sir George Booth,
in England, who reported it in virtually the same words, as "a bright light, like a star, in the dark part of the moon."
Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, reports of such strange lights continued,
growing in complexity due perhaps to the improved technology of telescopes.
To mention a few: an intermittently appearing bright light, at times flashing, was seen on the dark part of the moon from Holland on October 20, 1824;
on January 22 of the following year, two officers aboard the HMS Coronation in the Gulf of Siam witnessed two different lights, one in the crater Aristarchus;
Thomas G. Elger reported in the Astronomical Register of April 9, 1867, that he saw a light like a star of the seventh magnitude flare out of the moon:
"I have seen lights before on the moon, but never so clear as this," he wrote;
in 1869, Great Britain's Royal Astronomical Society began a three year investigation into a "sudden outbreak" of mysterious lights witnessed in the Mare Crisium
(itself anomalous, in that the Mare Crisium is in a cleanly hexagonal shape);
on May 13, 1870, several English astronomers saw lights in the crater Plato, numbering from four to twenty eight at any given time;
in March of 1877 there were several reports of bright lights in the craters Proclus and Picard, specified not to be reflections of the sun;
and shortly after, on June 17, 1877, New York's Professor Henry Harrison saw a light "like a reflection from a moving mirror"
on the dark of the moon, as England's Frank Dennett saw the same thing in the crater Bessel.
UFO activity about the Moon was also plentiful: September 7, 1820, numerous French observers reported seeing objects flying precise maneuvers
in a straight line and at regularly spaced intervals from each other during a lunar eclipse; Le Monde of Paris and The Journal of the Franklin Institute
reported that a Professor Swift of Illinois and Professors Hines and Zentmayer in Europe witnessed the same phenomenon, in several formations,
moving in straight and parallel lines during a solar eclipse on August 7, 1869;
Monsieur Lamey reported vast numbers of dark bodies crossing the Moon, in an 1874 L Annee Seientifique;
on April 24, 1874, Professor Schafarik of Prague "saw an object of so peculiar a nature that I know not what to make of it.
It was dazzlingly white, and slowly traversed the disk of the moon. I watched it after it left the moon's face";
the Journal of the Liverpool Astronomical Society reported South African Colonel Marwick's sighting near the Moon
of something like a comet that moved rapidly; in 1892 and 1896, the same phenomenon was witnessed in the Netherlands and in America,
of an object one-thirtieth of the Moon's diameter traversing the disk of that planetary body in three to four seconds;
Arizona gave several reports during 1899 of luminous objects moving across the Moon;
in November of that year, France reported an enormous object that moved like a kite and changed color from white to red to blue;
on May 10, 1902, Colonel Marwick reported many brilliantly colored objects like little suns about the Moon;
on November 26, 1910, the Journal of the British Association for the Advancement of Science and La Nature in France
both reported a brightly luminous object seen during a lunar eclipse, one publication adding that it left the Moon's surface;
F. B. Harris reported in England's January 27, 1912, Popular Astronomy that he saw an incredibly black object about 250 miles long and 150 miles wide
on or over the Moon "like a vast crow poised . . . An extremely interesting and curious phenomenon must have happened";
and the Bulletin de La Soc. Astron. de France of August 29, 1917, reported bright objects seen traveling close with the Moon.
And, as with Mars, unusual geometrical features were also witnessed on the Moon.
Baron Franz Von Paula Gruithuisen thought he had discovered a lunar city between 1822 and 1824,
based on a series of parallel mounds and configurations north of the crater Schroter.
Over the years, scrutiny of the area in question gave conflicting results from different observers.
Another astronomer named Gaudibert saw a similar enough configuration to produce a remarkably close sketch
to that made by Gruithuisen, but given the lack of consistency, Gruithuisen's discovery was deemed fanciful.
Madler, one of the authors of the classic 1838-39 lunar mapping work Der Mond, drew a geometrically shaped enclosure
with surrounding structures or marks remarkably similar to Gruithuisen's,
only on the shore of the Mare Frigoris to the immediate west of the crater Fontenelle and northeast of the crater Plato.
Controversy occurred in 1866 over Athens Observatory director Julius Schmidt's reported disappearance of the crater Linne,
an extremely deep depression, to be replaced by a small whitish patch for a brief time.
Later observations confirmed that it had not changed, and any observers who discovered
a difference were considered for whatever reason to simply have been incorrect in their assessment.
Yet Linne, originally described in Beer and Madler's Der Mond as "the second most conspicuous crater on the plain,"
at four and a half miles across and a depth so great its bottom could not be seen,
is today a smallish white crater of merely one and a half miles across, with almost no height or depth at all.
In 1877, two different observers at two different times noticed strange objects in craters:
Meudon Observatory's Monsieur Trouvelot saw what appeared to be a luminous cable in Eudoxus on February 20,
and a Doctor Klein reported in L Astronomie seeing a luminous triangle on the floor of Plato on November 23;
on the same night, observers across the United States reported seeing "flakes" of light converging from all lunar craters
into the floor of Plato, where they formed into a triangle.
Between February of 1885 and December of 1919, a great many geometric and other unusual phenomena were noted in craters of the Moon,
including what appeared to be a curved wall, a luminous cable in Aristarchus like that witnessed by Trouvelot in 1877, synchronous lights, color areas
on the surface changing from light to dark or vice versa, a black wall in Aristillus, reddish smoke and shadows, intense black spots in and about various craters
(some with cleanly defined, bright borders), and shafts of light projecting from given areas (witnessed at two different geographical locations).
Sky and Tetescope recorded a cross seen at the crater Fra Mauro, and volume 20 of the Astronomical Register
mentioned "a geometric object shaped like a cross," or possibly a letter "X," seen in the crater Eratosthenes,
along with "an acute angled triangle" formed by the three lower embankments of a group of hills.
One feature was spotted by so many astronomers at so many times that in the last century it was simply referred to as "the Railway."
Almost seventy miles in length, it is a straight wall approximately five hundred yards high, with steep edges
rising steadily for about twelve hundred feet at about forty-five degrees from the Moon's surface.
The consensus today seems to be that this is a fault line, caused by something pushing its way up through the surface.
No logical proposal as to what or how that might be has been forthcoming.
It is perhaps of note that around the wall are a great many of the seemingly symmetrical domes that still mystify lunar landscape watchers.
Almost exactly opposite the wall, on the backside of the Moon, is a gigantic crack stretching approximately 150 miles, up to five miles wide in places.
Soviet scientists Vasin and Shcerbakov seriously suggest that the crack and wall are evidence that the Moon is a hollowed-out asteroid being used as a spaceship,
the wall being an armor plate that buckled under the force of some impact, the crack a resonant structural failure.
Such a proposition may not be so far fetched, given that the Moon does indeed show signs of being hollow,
and NASA has reported that it "rings like a gong or a bell" when hit by spent rocket stages or landed upon by modules
~ reverberations of from one to four hours were picked up by Apollo 12.
The modern era brought far better observations of the lunar surface, and accordingly far more unusual reports.
Arizona's American Meteorite Museum director, Dr. H. H. Nininger, discovered a twenty mile tunnel in 1952
with walls smooth as glass connecting the two unusual craters Messier and Pickering in thc Sea of Fecundity.
The craters differ from other craters in having unnaturally extended lips in the same direction.
The entrance and exit of this tunnel, he asserted, were clearly visible with any good telescope.
Nininger suggested the formation of the tunnel was the passage of a meteorite moving twenty to thirty miles per second
on almost a perfect horizontal plane, vaporizing and making into smooth glass the dust in its wake.
The logistical problems behind this suggestion are immense, and it is questionable whether anyone really believes it or not,
but the only other possibility is intelligent construction ~ then as now a forbidden topic to discuss in public, or even in most private confines.
But the mountain range separating these two craters is fifteen to twenty miles wide and several thousand feet high,
extremely unlikely to have been cleanly breached by a meteorite in the proposed fashion.
On July 29, 1953, former New York Herald Tribune science editor John O'Neill saw an approximately twelve mile long
bridge like structure over the Sea of Crisis, which was confirmed by more than one leading astronomer within even a month.
The British Astronomical Association's Lunar Section head, H. P. Wilkins, referred to it as an artificial structure, not a natural one,
and alluded that he thought it looked like an engineering job made fairly recently, owing to the fact that the oft observed lunar surface had not formerly revealed it.
He stated on BBC radio that sunlight could clearly be seen streaming in beneath it.
Soon more regular shapes began to be seen. Apparent structures seeming to form squares or rectangles were reported
~ not unlike those drawn by astronomers over a century earlier-as well as "domes" that were seen first in one spot, then another, as though they were moving.
Science writer Joseph F. Goodavage noted in 1954 that "more than 200 circular dome shaped structures have been observed on the moon and catalogued,
but for some strange reason they often vanish from one place and reappear somewhere else."
On September 29, 1958, Dr. Kenzahuro Toyoda of Japan's Menjii University discovered actual letters on the Moon's surface,
so huge and black that he could easily read them: PYAX JWA. The newspaper MaCnichi carried the report, Toyoda not being the type to perpetrate a joke.
The probe Ranger 7 crashed into the Moon in 1964, but not before relaying pictures of the inside of a crater filled with a cluster of objects that have yet
to be satisfactorily, identified, appearing to be round, smooth, and symmetrical. Other craters seem to show similar features at different times.
On February 4, 1966, the Soviets' Luna 9 probe photographed in the Sea of Storms regular, towering structures that Argosy's
science editor Dr. Ivan Sanderson called "two straight lines of equidistant stones that look like markers along an airport runway," similar to what
was later discovered in the Utopia region of Mars. In both cases, the structures are identical, and positioned so as to produce tremendous shadows.
Russian Laureate State Prize winner Dr. S. Ivanov compared photos taken at two different times for stereoscopic effect and discovered that the spires
were approximately fifteen stories high, evenly spaced and identical, concluding that "in 3-D [they] seem to be arranged according to definite geometric laws."
The news was not published in America, and the authors of Psychic Discoveries Behind the Iron Curtain
claimed that NASA was "not at all happy about its publication," apparently there or anywhere else.
In his authoritative Our Moon, the same Dr. Wilkins who publicly discussed O'Neill's artificial land bridge in 1953
described a gigantic hole in the center of crater Cassini A, on the edge of the Sea of Storms, more than six hundred feet across, the surrounding crater
itself being "as smooth as glass" and a mile and a half across at the outer rim. There are many other holes of this sort visible in craters of the Moon.
Wilkins was convinced that the Moon had substantial subterranean pits or hollows, with openings to the surface. The Sea of Storms is also a hotbed of UFO activity.
If NASA was unhappy about the publication of details about spires on the edge of the Sea of Storms, their own publication on November 2, 1966,
of what have since been dubbed "the Blair Cuspids" seems schizophrenic. Boeing Institute of Biotechnology's William Blair discovered these objects
in the Sea of Tranquility in a photograph taken by Lunar Orbiter 2. Seven obelisks (as they have since been called) were found in all, one of extreme height
(about 213 meters) and six smaller ones, arranged in such a fashion that the three outer ones form an equilateral triangle, the other four triangulating to
create a prismatic-pyramidal configuration. Blair countered arguments that the obelisks were natural landforms by saying that if they were,
"the triangulation would be scalene or irregular, whereas those concerning the lunar objects lead to a basilary system, with coordinates x, y, z,
to the right angle, six isosceles triangles and two axes consisting of three points each." In other words, their mathematical / geometrical correlations
could not have occurred by accident. In close proximity to the obelisks is a gigantic rectangular depression with four 90-degree corners
"persuading one to think it is like an excavation whose walls have been eroded or fallen inwards," as Blair put it.
Soviet space engineer Alexander Abramov claims these markers are positioned identically to the Pyramids in Giza.
Discoveries made since man's landing on the Moon have added more to its mystery than brought desired answers.
The odd resonation the Moon makes when struck has already been mentioned, arguing, as does other evidence, for its being completely hollow
~ or, as Wilkins suggested, containing a great many substantially hollowed pits or subterranean chambers accessed by "plug holes."
There is considerably less dust on the surface of the Moon than should be present for its age.
Now utterly devoid of discernible water, sinuous rilles in the Moon's surface (and that of Mars)
attest to the likelihood that water was once present, and inexplicably, after Apollo 15,
NASA experts detected one hundred square miles of water vapor on the Moon's surface that still has not been accounted for.
Almost 100 percent of the Moon's rocks are older than 90 percent of Earth's rocks ~ from 4.6 billion years old, compared to Earth's 3.7 billion year old rocks
~ making the Moon far older than our own planet, probably captured in our orbit from elsewhere in antiquity and not generated from Earth as was once believed.
The soil of the Moon seems to be a billion years older than the rocks on its surface. Though the Moon is considered to have little or no magnetic field, its rocks seem
to be highly magnetized, and there are massive concentrations ("mascons") of matter beneath the Moon's seas sufficient to gravitationally affect passing satellites.
Among the rock samples brought back by both Soviet and American missions were found pure iron particles, which have not oxidized (rusted) at all.
Though rustproof iron is completely unheard of in physics, the Moon's iron particles have an earthly counterpart in the thirty foot-high solid iron Ashoka Pillar
of indeterminate age (at least sixteen hundred years old) in the courtyard of Quib Minar in New Delhi, India, that is also completely free of rust.
But the most curious of our lunar neighbor's mysteries are a series of anomalies that seem to tie together.
Many of the Moon's craters appear too round and too symmetrical to have been formed by meteor impacts, as was long supposed;
Mars and Venus have similar craters, dispelling the idea that their perfection on the Moon was caused by its utter lack of atmosphere.
The Moon's seas are fused plains of soil, requiring there at one time to have been a temperature of forty five hundred degrees Fahrenheit or greater;
this fused soil is loaded with rare metals and elements such as zirconium, titanium, yttrium, and beryllium, and is next to impossible to drill through.
Substantial areas of the Moon's surface seem to be "paved with glass," as one scientific expert put it, positing that heat from a fantastically awesome solar flare
may have scorched the Moon's surface about thirty thousand years ago.
But there is also tremendous radioactivity in the upper eight miles of the Moon's forty miles of crust.
Uranium, thorium, and potassium are present there in great quantities, creating an "embarrassingly high" radioactivity level
read by Apollo 15's thermal equipment that caused one expert to exclaim, "My God, this place is about to melt!"
The Moon's desolate and radioactive surface, according to NASA, was brought about in antiquity by
"the violence of [multiple] cosmic bombardment[s]" which "exploded with the power of billions of H bombs."
We have seen such fusion of sand into glass in our own age, at Trinity test site with the atomic bomb.
Some of the Gobi Desert near Lob Nor Lake, where the Chinese have run their atomic tests, also has become glassine.
But there are large areas of the Gobi, equally scarred, that were never visited by atomic weapons in the present day.
The Gobi has long been a place of mystery. French Astronomer Royal and mayor of Paris, Jean-Sylvain Bailly,
determined in 1778 that star maps brought back by missionaries in India were not only "many thousands of years old,"
but that "they showed stars which could not have been visible from their place of origin";
his conclusion was that the Indians had taken them from some more ancient civilization,
and that the maps had to have been drawn from somewhere in the Gobi. The Gobi figures in ancient legends from central Asia concerning
white men who came from the skies, about which Peter Kolosimo writes: "Many Soviet scientists are convinced of the existence of such
visitors and have devoted much effort to finding their traces upon earth, and the Gobi Desert has been one of their favorite hunting grounds."
There and in the caves of Ilmkestan, Russian investigators found what they believed could have been navigation instruments for cosmic vehicles,
in the form of cone shaped objects of glass or porcelain with a drop of mercury inside, corresponding to descriptions
in the Sanskrit Samaragansutradhara and the Ramayana and Dronaparva texts of the Mahabharata.
In 1960, mathematician and physicist Professor Mikhail Agrest published in Moscow's Literaturnaya Gazeta his belief that Sodom and Gomorrah
were nuclear blast sites, and that the mammoth Baalbek terrace of antiquity (in present day Lebanon) was designed as a spaceship landing platform.
Zecharia Sitchin concurs with this assessment of Baalbek, and cites a miles wide area of scorched, blasted, and broken black rocks in the Sinai Peninsula
that defy explanation. The Baalbek terrace is the most massive megalithic structure known in the world. Called the Heliopolis by the Greeks ("Sun City"),
it consists of Roman temples built in succeeding ages to Jupiter and Venus (mostly destroyed in a 1759 earthquake), erected over an original prehistoric structure
that was the temple dedicated to Astarte and Baal referred to in the Bible's Book of Kings. It is composed of limestone blocks too massive
to accurately gauge in size or weight, but by the most conservative estimate they are approximately ten by thirty by sixty feet and 750 tons each,
some estimates reaching as high as 1,500 tons. Baalbek's enclosure includes three of the largest stones ever used for such construction, called the Trilithon.
About 13 feet high and 10 feet thick, they are 64, 63.5, and 62.5 feet long. These were somehow raised and put into place at a height of twenty six feet. In their
nearby quarry is another such stone that was never transported, thirteen by fourteen by seventy feet (approximate), conservatively estimated to weigh a thousand tons.
The quarry is half a mile away. There are no cranes or instruments in the modern world capable of lifting, let alone transporting, more than perhaps one hundred tons.
The Russian investigators also considered North America's Death Valley between California and Nevada to be another possible nuclear site.
"Around an imposing central building are the remains of a city that extended for about a mile," summarized adventurer William Walker, in 1850,
of damage to an unspecified area in this region. "There are . . . carbonized or vitrified blocks, the result of some terrible catastrophe.
In the center of this city is a rocky spur twenty or thirty feet high, on which the ruins of gigantic constructions can be seen.
The buildings at their southern extremity look as though they had been in a furnace, and the rock on which they are built itself shows signs of having melted.
Strange to say, the Indians have no tradition concerning the people who once lived here.
The dismal ruins fill them with superstitious terror, but they know nothing of their history."
Walker attributed the damage to volcanic eruption, not knowing that Death Valley has never experienced such activity,
and couldn't have suffered the type of destruction evidenced even if it had.
There are a great many vitrified sites around the ancient world, for which there has never been a satisfactory explanation.
Vitrification is the fusing of brick or stone into glassine glaze by extreme heat, which is common to nuclear destruction
but has otherwise never been duplicated artificially despite many attempts. It is still considered a "phenomenon."
In addition to the locations already mentioned, the ancient Hittite cities of Turkey are vitrified, as are forts found in Peru, Scotland, Ireland, France, and India.
Historical sources in the Mediterranean attribute vitrification to the unknown chemical substance called "Greek Fire,"
which was reportedly able to burn underwater and was catapulted by ships against fortress walls.
It was a weapon employed by the "Sea Peoples" (believed to be the ancestors of the Phoenicians and Carthaginians),
who were as advanced, unknown, and migratory a race as the mysterious Aryan Indo Europeans
historically credited with the building of the Old World megaliths and the founding of Western civilization.
Among the most important of the world's vitrified sites is the advanced city of Mohenjo Daro
("Mound of the Dead") in modern Pakistan, estimated to date from 2,500 BC or earlier.
According to ancient texts and esoteric tradition, it was one of the seven cities of India's Rama Empire.
When the city was excavated, skeletons scattered about the site were found lying together openly in the streets,
unburied, no visible damage evident to signify what killed them.
They were holding hands, as if having died suddenly and in full anticipation of their swift end.
A. Gorbovsky's Riddles of Ancient History reported that skeletons found by
Soviet scientists at nearby locations tested fifty times above the normal level of radioactivity.
Thousands of clay vessel fragments were fused together into what have been labeled "black stones."
There is no indication of volcanic activity having occurred in the region.
Accepting India's historical epic, the Mahabharata, at face value, descriptions of what happened
to the site are reminiscent of the destruction wrought by modern weapons in 1945:
". . . [it was] a single projectile / Charged with all the power of the Universe. / An incandescent column of smoke and flame
/ As bright as the thousand suns / Rose in all its splendor . . . / . . . it was an unknown weapon, / An iron thunderbolt,
/ A gigantic messenger of death, / Which reduced to ashes / The entire race of the / Vrishnis and the Andakhas.
/ . . . The corpses were so burned / As to be unrecognizable. / The hair and nails fell out; / Pottery broke without apparent cause,
/ And the birds burned white. / After a few hours / All foodstuffs were infected . . . / . . . to escape from this fire
/ The soldiers threw themselves in streams / To wash themselves and their equipment."
Not only is this description of destruction identical to that at Hiroshima and Nagasaki,
but the survivors of those explosions also threw themselves into the water to try and ease the burning.
The A-bomb's inventor, Dr. Robert Oppenheimer, famous for his familiarity with ancient Sanskrit literature,
was asked seven years after Alamogordo by a Rochester University interviewer whether that had been the first atomic detonation in the world,
and he replied, "Well, yes, in modern history." After the first atomic test, Oppenheimer quoted the Bhagavad Gita.
"Now I've become Death-the destroyer of worlds.'' He later added, "I suppose we all felt that way."
Other cities and sites of antiquity, and the substantial apparent impact damage on many of Mars' surface structures, would lend credence to the biblical
"war in the heavens." These include an extremely dramatic hole, one thousand feet in diameter, in Cydonia's D&M Pyramid,
with structural and surface damage and debris, looking very much like it was caused by explosive penetration.
Numerous midair explosions, usually attributed to meteorites destroyed by the atmosphere, also have left their mark on the surface of Venus.
The list given of the anomalies on Mars, and on both its moons and Earth's, is only partial.
NASA has investigated them, officially in some instances and most assuredly unofficially in others.
A package of seventeen photos was given to the Apollo 15 crew for study in 1971, with instructions to observe and report on them.
These are mostly the areas mentioned so far where anomalies exist. It is noteworthy that the Sea of Tranquility, where the Blair Cuspids are located,
was the first landing site of the Apollo missions. One drawing made by the astronauts of an eight foot high layered outcropping of rock near Apollo 15's landing site
bears a remarkable resemblance to the polygonal walls of Sacsayhuaman in the Peruvian Andes.
The mission's findings were not made public, and probably will not be without congressional pressure,
but the areas in question and instructions for study are indicative of NASA's awareness of their significance.
Occasional glimpses of what might have been witnessed by the astronauts can be found in transcripts,
such as Apollo 17's Ron Evans' report of a flashing light at the edge of the Oriental Basin,
and the firsthand confirmation by Apollo 11 astronauts of independently corroborated fluorescence on the lunar surface
of up to fifty thousand square miles at a time, a phenomenon often observed from Earth and never adequately explained.
In 1979, the former chief of NASA communications specialists, Maurice Chatelain, alleged that Neil Armstrong filmed UFOs
on the Moon during his historic Moon walk, backing similar statements made easier by another former NASA employee, Otto Binder.
"The encounter was common knowledge in NASA," Chatelain said in his book, Our Ancestors Came from Outer Space,
"but nobody has talked about it until now." The Space Agency and Armstrong himself dismissed the claim, but physicist and professor of mathematics
at Moscow University Dr. Vladimir Azazha, ancient astronaut theorist Alexander Kazantsev, and Professor Sergei Boshich in Russia were certain it was true.
Chatelain went on to say that, since astronaut Walter Stirrer and Gemini 8, the term "Santa Claus" was employed to signal NASA that UFOs had been spotted,
and that "all Apollo and Gemini flights were followed, both at a distance and some times also quite closely, by space vehicles of extraterrestrial origin, flying saucers,
or UFOs . . . if you want to call them by that name. Every time it occurred, the astronauts informed Mission Control, who then ordered absolute silence."
Apollo 14 lunar module pilot Edgar Mitchell, in a December 1972 BBC radio interview, answered in the affirmative to a caller's question
as to whether or not NASA had any provisions for encountering extraterrestrials on the Moon or anyplace else in the solar system.
Astronaut Gordon Cooper never claimed to have seen UFOs while in space, but testified to a United Nations committee that other astronauts had,
and that he had seen them himself while still only a pilot in 1953 in Germany.
"NASA and the government know very well that intelligent beings from other planets regularly visit our world to enter into discreet contact and observe us,"
Cooper is on record as saying. "They have an enormous amount of evidence, but have kept quiet in order not to alarm people."
The last live launch broadcast from NASA, done primarily to foster public and financial support for the Space Agency,
was the Hubble repair mission on December 8, 1993.
Since that time, all space transmissions have been scrambled and time delayed before release to the public.
The repair shuttle photographed two rapidly moving white objects across Earth's horizon around 11:30 PM that startled the live commentator into silence.
A few moments of confusion followed, the camera suddenly going fuzzy, shots of Mission Control and what was perhaps a cargo bay being shown
with no word spoken before the crew of the shuttle were put on camera, all looking intently at their panels until one turned around to face the lens, smiling and saying,
"You have to see this to believe it, J.T.!" Two years before, on September 15, 1991, the shuttle Discovery photographed strange glowing lights on Earth's horizon, which
first slowed and stopped, then sharply changed both speed and direction in response to an unidentified flash from the lower left of the screen leaving a visible streak of
light shooting through the space vacated by the central object. To all appearances, it looked like nothing less than a controlled object intelligently avoiding a hostile shot.
Mere weeks after WW II's end, the U.S. War Department secretly imported Nazi scientists in "Operation Paperclip," overseen by none other than Hitler's master spy,
Reinhard Gehlen, who went on to become one of Allen Dulles' closest confederates when the CIA was formed two years later.
SS elite Major Wernher Von Braun was brought to America with about 120 other German rocket scientists, lionized as one of the
"100 Most Important Americans of the 20th Century" by Life magazine in 1990 for his building of the Saturn V rockets that took man to the Moon.
Twenty to sixty thousand slave laborers at Von Braun's Mittelbau Dora factory died under the Nazi "extermination by work" program,
with his full knowledge and unrepentant consent, building his V2 rockets that murdered about five thousand people in Belgium and Britain during the war.
How could so execrable a record be sanitized as to make Von Braun a great American hero, when so many others were executed and imprisoned
at Nuremberg for exactly such acts? "Can there be any justification . . . for using men who worked with conviction for a criminal system?"
asked Germany's Museum for Transport and Technology, at the fiftieth anniversary of the downfall of the Third Reich.
"It was as if they, had only ever thought of going to the moon," was the museum director's answer.
Obviously, there had to be some practical reason for their wanting to do so.
Military involvement in space considerations has been intense from the beginning,
and the suggestion made in 1994's sci-fi block buster film Stargate may not be as fictionally removed as it appears.
In it, the military secretly send a nuclear device to the Egyptian planet of man's origins, in anticipation of a war with its occupants.
Howard Koch, the playwright of Mercury Theatre's famous 1938 The War of the Worlds "Invasion from Mars" show, wrote in
The Panic Broadcast (1970) that, "Not long ago there was a chilling prediction by an official in the American State Department.
He projected a plan, which apparently his science advisors considered feasible, for launching a spaceship armed with nuclear missiles
that could push the moon Phobus [sic] out of the Mars gravitational field across space and into our orbit."
He suggested that the military would intend to use the satellite for a ready made orbiting defense station.
But given that the government must have strongly suspected at least by the time to which Koch was referring, that Mars,
and Phobos in particular, was the primary base of operations for the flying saucers visiting Earth on a regular basis, it could instead be interpreted
that there may have been a more immediate and practical military reason for our probes to Phobos having been taken out by someone else's spaceships.
This theory becomes all the easier to accept when it is realized that United States defense experts complained about a laser and ion emitter
the Soviets had placed on Phobos 2, so powerful that they believed the Soviets were simply looking for an excuse to experiment with their own Star Wars weaponry.
The ostensible reason for the probe's lethal equipment was given as the need to pulverize part of Phobos' surface for analysis of the gas that process would produce,
and the dissenting experts were overruled by the White House "due to the improvement in Soviet-American relations."
What can we safely conclude from the evidence? The masses, including the vast majority of the scientific community, comfortably accept
that there are no geometric anomalies on the surface of Mars at all, let alone on its moons or our own. But mathematics does not lie. It cannot.
No natural formations could accidentally create precise angles and shapes, let alone relationships between objects.
The faces of two Egyptian gods could not inadvertently erode into place, any more than could Mount Rushmore.
A dying Pharaoh could not accidentally design his burial chamber according to mathematical correlations with the planet Mars,
which in any event should have been beyond his ability to know. Rocks from the surface of a planet 34 million miles away, at its closest,
some even joined together artificially in an intelligent structure, could not have gotten to Earth blown on a summer breeze.
Tricks of light and shadow do not consistently remain at 19.5 degrees, or rocks line themselves up at uniform height.
And that megalithic structures of precise astronomical orientation could be identical on two separate worlds is absolutely impossible
. . . unless the builders on both worlds were the same, or at the very least in contact with each other.
That coincidence could play any part in all this becomes all the more unlikely when Ian Ridpath's
Journal of the British Interplanetary Society article, "Signpost to Mars," is taken into account.
Ridpath writes that the name "Cairo" was originally "El-Kahira," from the Arabic "El-Kahir" ~ which means "Mars."
The city was renamed in the tenth century AD, from a word loosely translated to mean "the camp,"
that has the same Arabic root-stem as "Mars" ~ Masr ~ which is confirmed by J. Aldridge's Cairo: Biography of a City.
Its full name, according to the Encyclopedia Americana, is Masr e1 Kahira, the latter two words translated as "the victorious."
With Masr being derivative of "Mars," the meaning becomes perfectly obvious.
In addition to the overwhelming geometrical and linguistic evidence, we have Vallee's Mars correlations to take into account, which are more astounding
when combined with the fact that other UFOlogists noted the major flaps of 1967 and 1973 also occurred during the closest passings of Mars to Earth.
There was unquestionably a link between Mars and Earth in antiquity, and the modern UFO evidence seems to indicate as strong a link in the present, as well.
What remains to be seen is if the modern astronauts, piloting craft in our skies beyond twentieth century terrestrial man's ability to construct,
are the same as those from centuries past ~ and if so, to determine as much about them as possible from the ancient records
in order to better understand their motives and relationship with us today.
