New cosmological theory

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=22 BGCOLOR="#330099" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="040000d2erkqrf.gif"> <div> Derby and District Astronomical Society - Aries Magazine</div> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=145 BGCOLOR="#333399" TEXT="#080000" background="03fa2c00erkjzj.gif"> <div> <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Aries Astronomy magazine on line From th"><U>HOME</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="editorial26.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Aries on line Spring 2001 editorial"><U>Aries on line - Spring 2001 editorial</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id39.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Forgotten Astronauts"><U>Forgotten Astronauts</U></A></div> <div> <B>New cosmological theory</B></div> <div> <A HREF="id42.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Sky Scene March to May 2001"><U>Sky Scene March to May 2001</U></A></div> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" height=458 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000" background="06a92963.gif"> <div> <B>Aries Astronomy magazine on line- From the Derby and District Astronomical Society</B></div> <div> <IMG SRC="04107040.gif" border=0 width="263" height="4" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div>  <A NAME="askjeeves"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#FF6666" FACE="Comic Sans MS" >Why not search the internet for more sites about cosmology ...</FONT></div> <div>  <IMG SRC="http://service.bfast.com/bfast/serve?bfmid=31103363&siteid=35044309&bfpage=football" BORDER="0" WIDTH="1" HEIGHT="1" NOSAVE > <FORM ACTION="http://service.bfast.com/bfast/click" > <INPUT TYPE="hidden" NAME="siteid" VALUE="35044309" > <INPUT TYPE="hidden" NAME="bfpage" VALUE="football"> <INPUT TYPE="hidden" NAME="bfmid" VALUE="31103363" > <TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0"> <TR> <TD BGCOLOR="#009900"><IMG SRC="http://www.ask.co.uk/docs/about/questionboxes/questionbox16_a.gif" WIDTH="120" HEIGHT="73"></TD> </TR> <TR><FORM ACTION="http://www.ask.co.uk/main/askjeeves.asp" METHOD="GET"> <TD BGCOLOR="#009900" ALIGN="center" BACKGROUND="http://www.ask.co.uk/docs/about/questionboxes/questionbox16_b.gif" WIDTH="120" HEIGHT="21"><INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="ask" SIZE="13"> <INPUT TYPE="hidden" NAME="scope" VALUE="web"> <INPUT TYPE="hidden" NAME="origin" VALUE="nnnn"> <INPUT TYPE="hidden" NAME="qSource" VALUE="n"></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD BGCOLOR="#009900"><INPUT TYPE="image" SRC="http://www.ask.co.uk/docs/about/questionboxes/questionbox16_c.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="120" HEIGHT="40"></TD> </FORM></TR> </TABLE> </FORM>  </div> <div> ... or search Amazon for books on cosmology ...</div> <div>  <form action="http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/external-search" method="get"> <input type="hidden" name="tag" value="ariesastronommag"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" bgcolor="#000000"> <tr> <td><table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <tr> <td align="right" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><font size="1" face="verdana, arial, helvetica"><b>Search:</b></font></td> <td bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><font size="1" face="verdana, arial, helvetica"><select name="mode" size="1"> <option value="blended">All Products </option> <option value="books">Books </option> <option value="video">DVD & Video </option> <option value="music">Popular Music </option> <option value="classical">Classical Music </option> <option value="software-uk">Software </option> <option value="video-games-uk">PC and Video Games </option> </select> </font></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><font size="1" face="verdana, arial, helvetica"><b>Keywords:</b></font></td> <td bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><font size="1" face="verdana, arial, helvetica"><input type="text" size="10" name="keyword"> <input type="image" name="Go" src="http://www.associmg.com/assoc/uk/pdm-search-go-btn.gif?tag-id=ariesastronommag" align="absmiddle" border="0" value="Go"></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top" colspan="2" bgcolor="#000000"><a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/redirect-home/ariesastronommag?tag-id=ariesastronommag&placement=uk_searchbox.jpg&site=amazon"><img src="http://www.associmg.com/assoc/uk/uk_searchbox.jpg?tag-id=ariesastronommag" alt="In Association with Amazon.co.uk" border="0"></a> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </form> </blockquote> </blockquote> </blockquote> </body> </html>  </div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="478" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 86 WIDTH="466"><div> Cosmic bubbles - a new theory of the universe.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 34 ><NOBR><div> <I><B>Author: </B></I><I><B>Frederick D. Gangstad</B></I></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> To whom it may concern,   </div> <div>                                                                                                                                                                                                   If you have ever read any story about the universe and come away a bit unsatisfied, then this paper is for you. Years ago I believe Hubble misread what his information was trying to tell him, and we have been led down one blind alley after another while searching for the truth about our universe. It seems that the smarter we get about such things, the more complicated the explanations become. Time after time, for more than forty years, I have seen one idea after another fall by the wayside as new evidence contradicts presented theories. One after another ideas and equations get changed and worked over to produce the numbers required to fit the new findings. And now; almost one thousand years after the explosion of the Crab Nebula was witnessed by Chinese astronomers, we as people of this universe have gotten no closer to the truth than we were back then. Today you will read something that will eventually change the course of history. You will bear witness to the unfolding of the truth of what is really out there. The story you are about to read is more fascinating and unbelievable than any and all science fiction dramas you could imagine, more compelling than anything the human mind could possibly dream up, because it is real. Unlike most of the ideas and theories floating around these days, this story is not complicated at all because it is based on the truth of observation and experiment, not on faulty ideas, theory and guesswork. </div> <div> Hubble made two mistakes. Both of them were simple cases of misunderstanding what he was observing. At one point, when he was classifying galaxies, he recognized the possibility that the galaxies were in some way related to each other, but later dropped the idea for lack of evidence. He never should have abandoned this notion, for it is the central idea of the entire universe. The idea that all galaxies are collapsing is only half right, and the idea that they collapse differently is completely wrong. Spiral galaxies are young, expanding galaxies; elliptical galaxies are older, collapsing galaxies. How can this be, you say?  We shall soon see.                                                  The other mistake he made was in guessing that a "redshift" in the spectrum of light from a distant source could somehow be a direct indication of the distance of that object to us. From this he extrapolated the idea that all galaxies, and in fact the entire universe, was (and were) expanding! All this based on absolutely no direct scientific evidence that what he was formulating was even close to the truth, and kept in evidence still to this day by those who would have us believe the universe is just too "complicated" for anyone else but them to understand. All too often I have run into people who are too ingrained in their thought patterns to ask questions of anything, let alone question everything. And yet these same people swear that progress in science can only be achieved by asking questions. I am fully aware of all the unbelievable ideas and notions that I am putting forward in this story, I understand the reluctance of anyone to accept any of this, and I am certainly not out to tell anyone what to think, but I am firmly convinced that after all these wasted years we can finally see what the universe really is.  </div> <bR> <div> Bubbles and Reflections</div> <div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ideas for this story began more than fifty years ago. Ideas that have been put forth include a model of a bubble universe where each galaxy is a sort of self-contained unit separate from all the others. Other papers and books have been written on the possibility of "dark matter" having something to do with it.  A generous amount of material has been devoted to the plotting of galaxies and clusters in an effort to determine if location has anything to do with the puzzle. I find it humorous that even some nebulae are called `reflection' nebula, as this paper has to do with a multitude of reflections. That's right, folks!  REFLECTIONS ON BUBBLES. Ever look into a sink full of bubbles and notice they can sometimes look like the stars in the night sky? That's because the "stars" we see at night are a whole lot of reflections on and off from bubbles. Bubbles made from a superfluid, transparent `metal', held in place by the push-pull of gravity from other galactic bubbles touching each other and the anti-gravity of huge voids of anti-matter in and between these bubbles. The bubbles themselves are not perfectly round, but are made up of panels or `planes' of pentagons and hexagons in the shape of a `buckyball'( Carbon 60 atom ), or a more familiar object- a soccer  ball. This allows the `shell' to expand and contract by `flowing through' the angles without bending or flexing at all. The pictures or reflections are bounced back and forth so many times it becomes difficult to distinguish between what is a reflection and what isn't. Put this together with the notion that these planes are vast distances apart, and you create an atmosphere just ripe for confusion. Besides being transparent and reflective, this material also possesses the ability to slow light down by an astonishing amount. Recent laboratory experiments with super-cooled gases have been able to reduce the speed of light to just 17 meters per second. At that pace, a galaxy only a short distance away could appear to be millions of  miles away. Thus, when Hubble saw a difference in the redshift between objects, he was actually seeing how many galactic `planes' or bubbles the image was passing through. It comes as no surprise to me that information back then was misread in the manner it was. This was at a time when instruments and ideas could only take you so far, and the rest of it became more guesswork than fact-finding. But now, with the incredible level of technology and unsurpassed equipment we have at our disposal, it is time to step back and take a harder look at what we have come to accept as being truth, without question. Hopefully, by the end of this story, you should be able to see what I see in the pictures. What I see happening all around us is a far cry from what you are being told by everyone else, and yet I have very little trouble explaining it to everyday people such as you or I. You read it, all right. I am talking of myself as well. I am pretty much an everyday person just like the rest of us, so it is hard for me to understand there are millions of people who go to work every day in fields related to this topic, and yet no one has seen the simple answers in the pictures right in front of them. But then again, until I found this, I could see no reasonable alternative to the idea of a big bang, even if I never did believe it, anyway. So much for one mistake, we shall come back later and discuss it in further detail, but for now we need to move on to the other mistake, that of attempting to classify galaxies as different types. The galaxies themselves are not of different classes. They are all pretty much the same thing, the only difference being what time of life they are in. Galaxies `begin' their cycle as a giant `rock' surrounding an inner `core' of all the hydrogen gas in an entire galaxy. I call this object the "Mother Rock", and it is made up of all the billions of planets each and every galaxy contains. This rock is given its' energy in an antimatter exchange in a manner so powerful and beautiful that we see it even from millions of miles away. We call them Supernovas. </div> <div>                                                                                                                                                                                       The Mother Rock      </div> <div>                                                                                     </div> <bR> <div> Take a good look at an elliptical galaxy, a good spread-out image of white surrounded by a dark ring. My favorite is the sombrero galaxy, or M104. This was the key picture that helped set the idea in motion. They tell me the dark ring around the galaxy is dust, but I knew better. How could dust be that massive or that visible at such a distance? I saw this ring as being something else entirely. This ring could be a huge ring of planets. It fit right into a recent picture I had of a collapsing ring trapping gas in its' center. As it collapses, the gravity of this huge ring would be in the bulk of its' mass, not in the open `donut hole' of its' center, thereby creating an area of anti-gravity in the very center. As this giant ring collapses into this huge, massive object, it forms into a globe, but the center never does `close'. In fact, the center does something very unusual, though not unexpected. The area in the center of this object creates a `cavity' of anti-gravity, accessible from the outside by two `gun barrels' which, when ignited, will form two immensely powerful plasma `jets' which form all the stars in the galaxy, and through a side motion, produce millions of planets, moons, and smaller bodies which spread out with the galaxy. This is the purpose of the spiral galaxy. These galaxies turn out to be exactly what you and I saw when we were little kids- great big pinwheel fireworks in the night sky. Now, the first thing the smart people are going to say is, " That's impossible! All our measurements show these galaxies are getting smaller." Well, not really. To us, they just appear to be getting smaller. Remember, these galaxies are enclosed within a `crystal shell', which expands with the galaxy. Now, we already know the shell has a tremendous effect on light when it passes through the `planes' of the shell. The shell itself acts as a large magnifying glass, an effect caused by the curvature of the shell. The larger the galaxy becomes, the more spread out and flat the shell is, the less the magnifying the effect. The older the spiral becomes, the smaller, and more importantly, the farther away it appears to be from us. In other words, the misreading of a so-called `Redshift' effect, along with the appearance of an object getting smaller, which leads everyone to believe the universe is expanding, that galaxies are all separating from each at incredible speeds, is a load of hogwash which has effectively blinded us from the real truth for the last seventy-plus years.  All this happens in the creation of a galaxy. It is not difficult to understand why I chose to name this object the `Mother Rock', for it is she who gives birth to an entire galaxy of stars, planets, moons, and life everywhere around us. Once this rock receives it's `charge' of anti-matter, it bursts forth in an unbelievable display of beauty as it begins spewing out stars and planets in two huge spirals as it spins around its vertical axis while maintaining the original rotation from the collapse of the planet ring. You see, as this huge, rapidly spinning Mother Rock begins to turn on its `equatorial' line, the plasma jets are forced back and over the rock, an action that produces planets and stars. Due to the fact that the `core', or gun barrel of the rock is made of iron, (a process which happens toward the end of the galactic cycle), small bits of the end of the `barrel' are burned off and `roll' off of the edge of the rock. This allows an iron `core' of a planet to `snowball' off the edge of a now burning rock, increasing in size, `gulping' hydrocarbons and such from out of the edges of the plasma jet, and rolling in two directions to create perfectly round giant marbles, oh, I mean planets! Something occurs to me right about this time, where's the water? Seems to me I have two states of matter covered here, gas and solid. So. Where's the liquid been hiding all this time? Same answer I found with everything else involved here. It's hiding in plain sight, just like the Mother Rock was. Since I had now figured out that the rock, and not a star explosion, was responsible for supernova, (all indications are a star never does explode at all, it just keeps burning until it is absorbed back into the collapse of the elliptical), so, what do you suppose could be causing those pretty pictures of nebulae and why could they have all along been mistaken for star explosions? The `Galactic Bubble' and water. All the liquid in the entire galaxy was forced out of the area of the rock by an earlier event, and it resides now in the area between the rock and the `Galactic Bubble'. This `water bubble' is not only a major part of the reason the rock looks so close, it is the reason for life everywhere. The speed of rotation in the rock keeps enough heat at the surface that the water never freezes, even in the super-cold of deep space. Put this whole picture together and you have planets, still under the extreme gravity of the original rock, expanding to normal size while moving through and coating themselves with water, which solidifies the crust and leaves it with a hundred mile thick layer of ice as it is `flung' out with millions of other planets. Here is where the spiral arms play the most important part. The rock has begun to wobble, (ever heard of Feynman's flying plate?) which allows the jet to slightly change position, first putting out a massive amount of stars, and then, forcing the jet to produce a line of planets just inside the line of stars. This provides the explanation for the `clumping' effect we observe,     and much more importantly, further contributes to the explanation of why the planets were not created from an accretion disk. All the planets in the entire universe are formed in this way. The proplyds we se in nebulas are not newly formed stars with accretion disks, but newly formed planets, hot off the grill, using their `supergravity' remnant to absorb all the liquid, vapor and ice around it. And we all know what else ice is- it is an insulator. This layer on the rock keeps the core hot and liquid, melts the ice into water on the crust, and forms vast seas under the insulating layer of ice. Underneath these vast oceans, just like earth, lies fractured rock, just like Earth, more than likely made by the cooling process during formation, which gives us a perfect `incubator' for the beginnings of life.               When these newly formed planets are released in a line after the stars are released, the stars, which are actually `slowing' themselves down from the outward force of the burning gases, allowing themselves to spread out into a field of stars, which the planets, still maintaining most of their original momentum, will eventually pass through this field, allowing them to be `caught' by the gravity of a star. In other words, every body in motion in the universe other than the Mother Rock is a rogue. Nothing in this picture I see was made from an `accretion disk'. Accretion disks, along with black holes, star explosions, and the `Big Poof (bang)' are all figments of the imagination. It is in this way I believe life began on any and all planets in the galaxies. Planets get trapped by gravitational fields around stars, eventually are pulled through the `habitable zone', produce life, end life when pulled into the sun, or pass just close enough to the star to be flung to the far reaches of the galaxy. Magnetic fields around a star could bring all planets in line with its own rotation, even gas giants with their mass could have an effect on the orbits of all the other planets. It is in this manner we begin to see a lot of answers to questions about our own planetary system. Why are there larger planets farther away from the sun where they shouldn't be? Why is the planet Venus in retrograde (turning backwards)? Warm/cold periods on earth possibly caused by reversals of the magnetic field `pushing' us away from the sun, Mars, as anyone can see, once had water. I firmly believe we will find, or have already found, proof of life on Mars in the past. Mars may have started out here with life and `wandered' back from an earlier orbit closer to the sun. A planet with no atmosphere or ice to `insulate' it from the cold of space would very quickly turn into a planet with a solid core, just like Mars. Of course, Mars could have just as easily been a planet full of life in a system a few million miles away, flung away from its sun at the end of its lifetime. We have been conducting studies of the fractured rock layer under our oceans. I believe if we look closer at core samples, we may see the same pictures we see in the meteorites from Mars. Life on this planet evolved very slowly, without ever forming eyes (can't see in the dark anyway) and suddenly exploded, complete with eyes and photosynthesis very quickly. After lying virtually stagnant (as life in a cold, dark environment with no light would do) the planet suddenly began to evolve life at what was an incredible rate. In just ten million years (a short time geologically speaking) every phylum of life as we know it appeared! What better way to create the conditions we see today, wandering through space for a couple o' billion years beginning production of life from day one, a giant `seed' so to speak, just waiting for the right sun to catch us and bring us daylight. This grand idea of a giant `Mother Rock" as the creator of a galaxy, stuck with me for weeks. I worked on it every chance I could get. I drew pictures of my ideas. I asked questions of people in fields related to this. I had a very difficult time getting anywhere, until a saw a picture. One day I picked up a magazine with an infrared picture of the flame nebula, and there it was! I sill remember the frozen feeling that overcame me when I realized I was looking at the rock I had described. There was the rock, with the surrounding water bubble, still showing the vortex underneath where the anti-matter charge was received. That was the day everything started falling into place. </div> <bR> <div>                                                                                         </div> <div> SUPERNOVAS     </div> <div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 </div> <div> Are not exploding stars. As we saw earlier, these explosions of beauty cannot be in our galaxy. That is because they are the beginnings of galaxies themselves. They are easy to mistake as being much closer because of the magnifying effect of the bubble. Certain things become apparent as soon as we look at them this way. Finding the rock in a lot of the pictures is easy, finding it in other pictures taken in other ways, the search becomes much easier. I have seen radio telescope images that show the location right away, along with the reflections (remember those?), of the center of the rock. There is something very unique going on here. Anywhere around this rock, we are dealing with an immense and extremely powerful magnetic and gravitational field. This gravity field even leaves its' mark on light. If we look at the picture of the center of the plasma jet, we see `lines' radiating outward, along with concentric circles. I have every reason to believe these lines are a perfect "match" to the gravity wave we are seeking. I see a reason to believe that a series 3,4,5…60 will be to unlocking the secrets of gravity. I base this on the obvious relationship of these numbers to the structure, or control points of not only the geodesic shape of the crystal bubble surrounding the galaxy, but also the control points of the `buckyball' structure of the `atoms' of the anti-matter plane, the design of which allows the `atoms' to be touching on the pentagon shapes, building an impenetrable matrix of structure, and yet, while under the influence of the gravity wave, allow movement through the angle along a `shear line', without any motion of the atom in its respective position. Keep in mind that none of this violates any known laws of the universe. Quite the contrary, it appears to uphold all the laws the Big Bang contradicts. A twenty-year study on solar neutrinos has not produced the results expected, and a quote was made as to the `standard model' of our sun being wrong. I've seen too many expected results turn into unexpected disappointments, seen too many theories and ideas fall by the wayside to accept everything without question, And you can rest assured I and others have looked at this from every possible angle, and yet everything I find supports this idea. In fact, I look on this whole thing totally different from everyone else. We have sentenced humans to prison based on direct evidence of pictures. No one who believes in the big bang can really tell you what's going on in the pictures. I can.  </div> <bR> <div>                                COSMIC BACKGROUND MICROWAVE RADIATION </div> <bR> <div> Is not what they think it is. A very careful study of not just one of the pictures, but of all the pictures you can find, will reveal the real secret of the pictures. These are not pictures of a remnant of a `big poof'. These are pictures of actual `Galactic Bubbles'. When I look at these pictures, I see lots of separate `bubbles', each one containing a fully self-sustaining galactic system within it. Each and every galaxy is here for one reason- to bring about and sustain life, to produce those gases that are necessary for the survival of the entire universe. Each bubble is attached to one or more bubbles on `strings' or `stalks'(whichever you prefer), surrounded and engulfed in a `void' (or voids) of anti-matter. What we found out about anti-matter long ago still is very true, that contact with actual matter causes complete disintegration of both. It is a reaction of anti-matter     to the contact of matter, held in check within the anti-gravity `cavity' of the Mother Rock which produces the plasma jet that makes all the stars and the planets, it is the light absorbed by the galactic `planes' that powers them, and it is the exchange of matter/anti-matter through the shell and into the void which powers the entire universe. The total amount of energy used by the Mother Rock in the formation of the galaxy is the same as the amount of energy in the mass of anti-matter that is replaced in the Mother Rock during the recycle process. This `recycle' process actually begins about halfway through the lifetime of the galaxy, when the mass, and gravity, are no longer able to hold the anti-matter reaction happening inside. The Rock explodes with the force of a million hydrogen bombs and starts to spread outwards. This explosion does several things, but the two most important things are that it drives out all of the oxygen and other gases from the hydrogen gas, purifying it for the plasma later, and leaving it outside of the envelope of the Rock to turn into the water bubble which coats the planets. The other, and just as important, thing this does is to drive out all of the heaviest elements, especially stellar cores. This `layer' (or `curtain'), of mostly iron is flung out ahead of the blast from the `Mother Rock'. This action is what was referred to earlier in this paper when I described the `gun barrel' center of the Mother Rock. As the original planet ring was collapsing, this `curtain' of iron and heavy elements `coated' then inside of the ring, allowing the rock itself to form its own `barrels' for the plasma jets.                                             </div> <bR> <div> When the Mother Rock begins the process of forming a galaxy, the plasma jet is forced sideways over the surface of the rock. Pieces of the `barrel', just like a plasma blowtorch, break off and form the `cores' of the stars and planets. As this happens, some of the smaller pieces don't roll off the edge, but instead are simply flung out into space as meteorites, so the next time you look op at the night sky and see a falling star, remember, that `rock' you just saw may have begun its journey from the center of our galaxy, from the same object which has `created each and every galaxy that has ever existed, and every galaxy that will exist in the future. The Universe was never `born' will most likely never `die', It is here, and it exists simply because it does.  </div> <div> We should eventually be able to tell the stages of the Rock from the radio signal we receive from it. A planet ring collapsing into a Mother Rock is what we see as a quasar, a pulsar is what the Rock becomes after it has gotten the antimatter charge. The radio signal the Rock puts out is what controls the shell,' instructing it to collapse as it gets ready for the charge, and then, as a pulsar signal, it instructs the shell to begin expanding around the new galaxy.  The `gravity wave' we have been seeking is in virtually every picture of a `star'. These are reflections of the `core' of the Mother Rock on the bubble planes surrounding them, many of them vast distances away. I try not to use the term `light year', because until we find the exact effect of the planes on the speed of light, we will have no idea of any distance in space. My feeling is these galaxies are practically right next to each other, with M42 being adjacent to us, and the real possibility that the Andromeda galaxy(M31) is a reflection of our own Milky Way, as seen from inside our own `galactic bubble'. The gravity wave is what we have been calling `diffraction spikes' in the pictures. A study of the pictures ( especially the out of focus ones ), shows a combination, as I stated earlier, of a waveform that when activated produces circles that arc against each other as the move. A plotting of these movements gives us `inward' moving points which may correspond with the `pull' of gravity on objects. This `pulling' motion may act upon the strange quark in matter to give the force we know as gravity. I do not admit to being a particularly bright fellow, and I am humbled by the awesome intelligence of those I have talked to, but nonetheless, I was fortunate enough to come across as much as I have found. It is at this point that I ask the help of anyone interested enough to seek the truth, to try and put the rest of the pieces into this puzzle, And I hope I can open everyones' eyes and show them what is really happening in our universe.  Thank You.  <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0099FF" FACE="Comic Sans MS" >                                                         </FONT></div> <bR> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>