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Hydropower is a natural renewable energy source.Energy density in stored elevated water is high:
* Assume water falls a distance of 90 meters
* Efficiency of conversion from potential energy (PE) to electrical energy is 80%
* PE of 1 kg of water at 90 meters is:PE = mgh = (1)(10)(90) = 900 Joules
* At a flow rate of 1 kg/sec this is 900 Watts (1 Watt = 1 Joule per second). * 1 kg of water = 1 liter, so 1 kg/sec = 1 liter/sec of flow * We convert at 80% efficiency so we get 720 Watts of Power for a flow rate of 1 liter/sec over a drop of 90 meters
So one liter of water per second on a turbine generates 720 watts of power. If this power can be continuously generated for 24 hours per day for one month then the total number of KWH per month is then:
720 watts x 24 hours/day x 30 days/month = 518 Kwh/month.
Small-scale hydro-electric systems capture the energy in flowing water and convert it to electricity. Although the potential for small hydro-electric systems depends on the availability of suitable water flow, where the resource exists it can provide cheap, clean, reliable electricity. If they are well designed, small hydro-electric systems blend with their surroundings and have minimal negative environmental impacts.
Reference to Basics of Hydroelectric Power
And also reference to On-Line Renewable Energy Education Module
Other links for Hydro Energy
Introduction to Small Hydropower Systems
Gives an overview and theories of Hydropower. It also shows applications and case studies of Hydropower systemsEnFO Introduction to Water Power in Norway
An introduction of the hydro-electric power stations in NorwayFoundation for Water and Energy Education (FWEE)
Contains a Northwest map showing hydroelectric projects, graphics showing how hydro works, recreational directories, and current hydro newsHydro Energy Production Equipment
Detail on the control, gearing, generators, and turbines used to produce Hydro EnergyBasics of Hydropower
Hoover Dam, hydropower production, history of hydropower and explains why hydro is so attractiveHydroelectric Power
Historical growth of hydroelectric powerHydropower: Advantages and Risks
Explain the advantages and risks of Hydropower
