Determinatives

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=100 BGCOLOR="#111111" TEXT="#F7F7FF" background="0fe80803.jpg"> <div> <FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#111111" FACE="Papyrus" ><B>Jol's Hieroglyphs</B></FONT><B>      |     </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Jols Hieroglyphs"><U><B>home</B></U></A><FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#111111" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#111111" FACE="Arial" ><B>  </B></FONT><B>  </B></div> <div> <A HREF="id2.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="History"><U>History</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id6.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Alphabet"><U>Alphabet</U></A>   |   <B>Determinatives</B>   |   <A HREF="id62.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Logograms"><U>Logograms</U></A></div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=200 BGCOLOR="#111111" TEXT="#F7F7FF"> <div> <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Jols Hieroglyphs"><U><B><IMG SRC="1048eb30.jpg" border=0 width="142" height="179" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id2.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="History"><U><B>History</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id6.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Alphabet"><U><B>Alphabet</B></U></A></div> <div> <B>Determinatives</B></div> <div> <A HREF="id62.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Logograms"><U><B>Logograms</B></U></A></div> </td> <td valign="top" height=380 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <bR> <div> <B> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="269" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" BGCOLOR=#CCCC99 > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 55 ><NOBR><div> <B>D</B><FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Papyrus" ><B>eterminatives</B></FONT></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></B></div> <div> <B>D</B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Papyrus" ><B>eterminatives, or ideograms, are signs that are used to determine the sense of a word.  For example, the word <IMG SRC="0b641180.jpg" border=0 width="65" height="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> 'wn' could mean light, become bald, hurry, or mistake, depending on which determinative comes at the end of the word.  See the list below.</B></FONT></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="274" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#CCCC99" BORDERCOLORDARK="#666633" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 33 ><NOBR><div> <B><U>hieroglyph</U></B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <B><U>translation</U></B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 32 WIDTH="133"><div> <IMG SRC="0a8541a0.jpg" border=0 width="84" height="26" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="130"><div> <B>light</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 28 WIDTH="133"><div> <IMG SRC="0ad54150.jpg" border=0 width="84" height="21" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM><NOBR><div> <B>become bald</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="133"><div> <IMG SRC="0ae541d0.jpg" border=0 width="84" height="29" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="130"><div> <B>hurry</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 36 WIDTH="133"><div> <IMG SRC="0af541e0.jpg" border=0 width="84" height="30" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="130"><div> <B>mistake</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></B></div> <bR> <div> <FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Papyrus" ><B>When transcribing Egyptian </B></FONT><B>(</B><B>putting the hieroglyphs into alphabetic characters</B><B>)</B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Papyrus" ><B> or pronouncing Egyptian, the determinatives are left out.  Each of the examples above would, therefore, be transcribed as 'wn.'</B></FONT></div> <div> <B>Because the Egyptians did not use vowels, we do not really know how the word would have been pronounced.  It is a general practice, however, to put the vowel 'e' in for pronunciation.  Therefore, 'wn' would be pronounced 'wen.'</B></div> <div> <B>Determinatives are very helpful when trying to translate hieroglyphs because the Egyptians did not use punctuation or spaces between words.  Therefore, determinatives help to define the end of sentences and words.</B></div> <div> <B>Below is a list of some common determinatives (det) and what category (cat) of words they are used to determine.  This is not a complete list, but these are the ones that you should learn in order to complete the rest of the exercises on this web site.</B></div> <div> <B> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="468" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#666633" BORDERCOLORDARK="#CCCC99" FRAME="VOID" RULES="COLS" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 30 WIDTH="104"><div> <B><U>det</U></B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> <B><U>cat</U></B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="90"><div> <B><U>det</U></B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="127"><div> <B><U>cat</U></B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 44 WIDTH="104"><div> <IMG SRC="0c21d250.gif" border=0 width="29" height="37" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> <B>men</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="90"><div> <IMG SRC="0d4301b0.gif" border=0 width="48" height="27" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="127"><div> <B>places other than Egypt</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 47 WIDTH="104"><div> <IMG SRC="0c41d290.gif" border=0 width="29" height="41" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> <B>women</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="90"><div> <IMG SRC="0d62b1e0.gif" border=0 width="43" height="30" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="127"><div> <B>desert</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 49 WIDTH="104"><div> <IMG SRC="0c61e2b0.gif" border=0 width="30" height="43" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <B>force, exertion</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="90"><div> <IMG SRC="0d825210.gif" border=0 width="37" height="33" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="127"><div> <B>motion</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 47 WIDTH="104"><div> <IMG SRC="0c828290.gif" border=0 width="40" height="41" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> <B>old</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="90"><div> <IMG SRC="0d927280.gif" border=0 width="39" height="40" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="127"><div> <B>backward motion</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 56 WIDTH="104"><div> <IMG SRC="0ca1c320.gif" border=0 width="28" height="50" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> <B>mummy, statue, picture, image</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="0da411f0.gif" border=0 width="65" height="31" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="127"><div> <B>writing, abstract ideas</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 47 WIDTH="104"><div> <IMG SRC="0cc1d290.gif" border=0 width="29" height="41" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> <B>gods</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="90"><div> <IMG SRC="0dc2e290.gif" border=0 width="46" height="41" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <B>grapes, wine</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 44 WIDTH="104"><div> <IMG SRC="0ce391e0.gif" border=0 width="57" height="30" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> <B>land, agriculture</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="90"><div> <IMG SRC="0dd22240.gif" border=0 width="34" height="36" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="127"><div> <B>cities</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 44 WIDTH="104"><div> <IMG SRC="0d029240.gif" border=0 width="41" height="36" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> <B>small, evil things</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="90"><div> <IMG SRC="0df32250.gif" border=0 width="50" height="37" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="127"><div> <B>hair</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></B></div> <div> <B>Determinatives come after the signs that make up a word.</B></div> <div> <B>For example, if you were translating <IMG SRC="1112d190.gif" border=0 width="45" height="25" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">, you would know that what you were translating had something to do with 'men.'  (This word would be transcribed 'nb' which translates to 'lord')</B></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="id56.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Quiz Me Determinatives"><U><B>Quiz Me</B></U></A></div> </td> </tr></table></body>