THE DISCOVERY OF THE TRANQUILIZANTES OR ANSIOLÍTICOS


MARIA OF THE PILLAR YAGÜE, R.N.
Diploma you University of Valladolid and Alfonso X University, Madrid, Spain.





THE ESTRÉS IS THE SALT OF THE LIFE

Decia Selye that - " the estrés is the salt of the life " - .Efectivamente an adequate dose of estrés that produces some physiological anxiety levels is not alone useful but deseable.Las persons excessively frias and quiet that are not disquieted by the problems of the daily life, the designated - " pasotas " -, are characterized by be beings anodinos that they do not believe neither emphasize by nothing in their/its professional or occupational lives. For the contario the escritoes, científios,artist or important entrepreneurs are perosnas creative or innovative and tend be individual with a certain degree of anxiety, with a given with himself same insipidity or with the world that you/them rodea.Sin embargo there are sick in those which a pathological excess of anxiety you/them supposes an obstacle that you/them prevents to accomplish their/its projects diarios.Estos patient tend to feel panic to the tarto with the other and they are obsessed with a tremendous distress and interior agitation that not you/them permits concentrated in their/its actividades.Por other part many of these sick finish in a depression.


FIRST SUBSTANCES TRANQUILIZANTES: THE BARBITURICOS

The first substances employed for tatar the anxiety were the barbitúricos of extended action (fenobarbital) .Sin embargo these medicines producian drowsiness and dependency or adicción.En 1955 was begun to use the meprobamato but their/its sound effects were very similar to those of the barbitúricos. In 1963 was begun the treatment of the anxiety with the first ansiolítico of the family of the benzodiacepinas: the diacepán or valium. These medicines also they can produce tolerance and addiction therefore simepre they should administers under optional control.


MECHANISM OF ACCIÓN OF THE TRANQUILIZANTES (BENZODIACEPINAS)

We recall that the transmission of the nervous stimuli of a neuron to other takes place thanks to the existence of a substances called transmitting

(acetilcolina,serot ..etc) in the space among an and other nervous cell (sinapsis) .Estos transmitting favor or stimulate the transmission of the impulses nerviosos.Pero there is a transmitter called GABA (acid gamma - aminobutírico) that it is inhibitor of that transmission that is to say that asi as the presence of serotonina or noradrenalina in the sinapsis favors the transmisón of nervous stimuli on the contrary the presence of GABA hinders that transmisión.Por other part the transmitters are joined or coupled to the receivers of the neighboring neurons. They have been described 2 types of receivers: a receiving GABA (triangular form) and a receiver benzodiacepínico (quadrilateral form) .Los tranquilizantes (benzodiacepinas) stimulate to the receiving GABA (triangular form) facilitating the union of the GABA to these receivers and by so much and since the GABA is a transmitter that hinders the step of the nervous impulses these estaran reduced.


MAP OF THE RECEIVING BENZODIACEPÍNICOS IN THE HUMAN BRAIN


This image shows as the receivers benzodiacepínicos are very concentrate in the SYSTEM LÍMICO that we recall is a complex field of the brain formed by various structures (hipotálamo, hipocampo,núcleo caudado,amígdala cerebral,corteza frontal ..etc) .Este system límbico regular and controls our emotions because of this should not to miss that these receivers are richly distributed in this field of the brain.



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