In speaking of these migrations, Dr. Yoseph A. A.

ben-Yochannan writes that: "In North Africa, just before the period of Christianity's legal entry into Rome - due to Constantine "the Great" conversion

in the 4th century - there were many Hebrew (Jewish)

'tribes' that are of indigenous African (the so-called 'Negroes') origin.

.washingtonpostarticle2001Nov24

pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/secret/famous/giuliademedic

An Overlooked Color In a Medici Portrait?

Girl's History Raises Questions About Art Studies

By Darryl Fears

Washington Post Staff Writer

Sunday, November 25, 2001; Page A03

She looks like an ordinary little girl, holding the hand of an ordinary woman. But the 16th-century painting of young Giulia de' Medici with her aunt on display at the National Gallery of Art, is now considered to be the first European portrait to capture a girl of African descent.

How the granddaughter of a slave came to be painted with a member of one of the richest and most powerful families in Italian history -- and painted out many years later -- reads like a script from "Dynasty" and sheds light on a little-studied period of African-European relations.

The girl's identity was uncovered not by scholars in Europe or the United States, but by aCanadian scholar who received vital help from an independent art researcher.

The reason for the oversight, the researcher said, is that the nation's overwhelmingly white art institution directors and curators have shown little interest in studying the presence of Africans in European works of art.

"Situations like this come to the fore and are not exploited," said Mario Valdes, the researcher who helped Gabrielle Langdon identify Giulia. "The importance [of the painting] to me is that it says to the black community that we've had extremely powerful people in European history already, and very powerful families descend from them to this day. And that upsets the whole racial order as we've known it."

Giulia de' Medici was the daughter of Alessandro de' Medici, the first

duke of Florence. Historians say Alessandro, whose mother is identified

as Simunetta, a black slave from Northern Africa, was the son of Giulio

de' Medici, who became a cardinal and then Pope Clement VII.

[Pope Clement VII

The first 7 popes were African according to a Skira Book on the Vatican I got as an engagement present. ED]

[The Europeans over the past tend to Pinocchio or Michel Jackson

or just plain bleach any one black they feel was important or powerful in

human history. See if you can find a roman portrait of Hannibal as an African, which he was. I made the "doctored" picture in the center as a

spoof on the tenancy of White Washing " and erasing or obfuscating

"black achievement. That is extra true of Americans even on a personal

level they tend to rapidly search for a white to compare to any one of

color that demonstrates higher abilities. I am tired of this habit and thus

correct it when ever I encounter it... ED]

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/secret/famous/medici.html

Last month Valdes, who wrote on the Medici family for the Web site of "Frontline," a public broadcasting public affairs program, launched an e-mail campaign to get the National Gallery to mention Giulia's ancestry prominently in the public relations material for "Virtue & Beauty," the exhibition that includes the painting. In an Oct. 6 e-mail to Faya Causey, head of academic programs at the gallery, Valdes said he was "appalled to see how the black content of this exhibition has been so effectively segregated from the rest of the Gallery's PR on it."

Valdes was too impatient, said Deborah Ziska, a spokeswoman for the gallery. Curators and academics there had planned to fulfill his wishes even before he made them known. On Oct. 26, the gallery ran a newspaper advertisement with the portrait front and center, titled "The First Portrait of a Girl of African Descent in European Art."

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Messianic_Apologetic/message/4940

From: "SaraLou Pedigo" <slpedigo@p...>

Date: Wed Jun 11, 2003 3:18 am

Subject: Re: [Messianic_Apologetic] Black Jews

Seems to me that if one of the Apostolic outposts

was Alexandria, there' d be black Jews in the first

century. Tradition has it that the Queen of Sheba

was black and beget Hebrews. By black do you

mean hermetic or shemetic or japhetic? Do you

mean african or indian or what do you mean?

Non-caucasian? What color were the people who left

the near-flood age Hebrew coins in Tennessee?

SaraLou

----- Original Message -----

From: Oodahlalee@AOL.com

To: messianic_apologetic@yahoogroups.com

Sent: Monday, June 09, 2003 11:36 PM

Subject: [Messianic_Apologetic] Black Jews

Hey guys,

I just received an article from some group I don't

remember joining, that claims that Abraham

was black. I want to get your thoughts on

the article. I have my own thoughts on it

but I will wait until after this thread gets

going before I go on further.

Thanks and God bless, Oodah

Did you know there are Jewish

communities all over Africa?Western Jews

do not always imagine that people of

different skin colors and from distant

cultures could be Jewish, but the truth is

that there are currently indigenous

communities observing traditional Jewish

rituals all over the continent of Africa.

True, most Jewish communities in Africa

bear little resemblance to Jewish

communities in Europe or North America

â“ they look different, speak different

languages, embrace music and culture with

which many Western Jews are unfamiliar

â“ yet these communities have religious

practices that everyone who is Jewish

would recognize. Each community that

practices Judaism in Africa has come to the

religion in a different way. Some believe

themselves to be descendents of the "lost

Tribes of Israel," others are members of

communities that have been Jewish for two

millennia, while other groups have

accepted Judaism in recent years because

it is the religion that most resonates with

their lives. In the fall of 1999 journalist and

musician Jay Sand visited the Jewish

communities in Ghana and Uganda, and in

2000 he visited groups in Southern and

Northern Africa. The Jews of Africa

program will introduce you to the

fascinating, complex and often

eye-opening world of African Jewry

through his multifaceted, multimedia "Jews

of Africa" presentation.

BLACK HEBREW ISRAELITES(JEWS)

Black Hebrews?

The very words cause many people to grin

at what appears to be simply a play on

words. No one reads about such people in

european authored history books and there

are only a few references to "Ethiopian

Jews" in white Jewish sources. Yet Black

Hebrews have existed since biblical times.

In fact, they are the original or

proto-typical Hebrews.

Their story begins with the Patriarch

Abraham (2117-1942 B.C.), a native of the

Sumerian city of Ur in ancient

Mesopotamia. Archaeological discoveries

have proven that the earliest inhabitants of

southern Mesopotamia were members of

the "Brown Race," i.e., the Negroid branch

of humanity.

It has been confirmed that the ancient

Sumerians were akin to the modern Black

Dravidians of India. The Sumerians also

had an affinity with a people known as the

Elamites, the very first Semitic group

mentioned in the Bible (Gen. 10:22). The

Elamites were a black-skinned and

woolly-haired people as the colorful glazed

artwork on the royal palace walls of the

ancient Persian city of Susa clearly

show.Thus Abraham, the native of

Sumerian and the founding father of the

Israelite nation, was a black man. The black

racial origins of the Patriarchs is not based

on mere conjecture, it is in complete

agreement with the picture one gets from

examining the identity of the earliest

inhabitants of southern Mesopotamia.

This truth is grossly neglected,

suppressed, and distorted in most

European and American historical texts

which are flavored with race prejudice.

Fortunately, however, there are enough

well authored and highly researched works

by Black historians that challenge the

Eurocentric revisions of history and correct

the various erroneous views regarding the

ethnic identity of the Hebrews.

Biblical history relates that the

descendants of Abraham, namely Jacob

(Israel) and his twelve sons and their

wives, 70 in all, migrated from Canaan to

Egypt around the year 1827 B.C. During

their sojourn in Egypt the Children of Israel

multiplied from being a family of 70 souls to

a nation of over 3 million people at the time

of the Exodus which took place in 1612 B.C.

This astounding number of people in so

short a time can only be adequately

explained by intermarriage between the

family of Jacob and the native Egyptian

populace. It is an established fact that the

ancient Egyptians were a black African

people. Thus, even if the Hebrews were not

black before they arrived in Egypt, which is

unlikely given Abraham's background,

they were definitely black by the time they

left Egypt under Moses

The biblical Hebrews were

indistinguishable from native Egyptians

and Ethiopians. The Bible is full of

examples which demonstrates this, and

even ancient secular historians remarked of

the physical appearances of the Hebrews.

The historian Tacitus, for example, stated

that it was a common opinion among the

Romans that the Jews "were an Ethiopian

race." In Roman times PalestinianIsraelites

were classed among Black Africans

because it was almost impossible to tell

them apart.

Hence, the Eurocentric notion of the Black

Hebrew as a kind of Johnnie-come-lately in

Hebraic history does not accord with the

facts. On the contrary, the historical record

is abundantly clear that the majority of

white European Jewry are not Hebrews in

the biological sense but are actually the

descendants of converts to Judaism during

Greco-Roman and Mediaeval times.

Professor Roland B. Dixon states

emphatically that: "The great majority of all

Jews [Ashkenazi] to-day are 'Semites' only

in speech, and their true ancestry goes

back not so much to Palestine and Arabia

as to the uplands of Anatolia and Armenia,

the Caucasus and the steppes of Central

Asia, and their nearest relatives are still to

be found in these areas to-day" (Racial

History Of Man, p. 175).

But if the original Hebrews were black

where are their descendants in the world

today? Are all black people Hebrews? The

answer to the latter question is obviously

no. The Israelites were only one of several

black people existing in ancient the ancient

world. Nevertheless, it is certain that the

ancient Hebrews customs and practices

who's legacy orginated in Africa, were

adopted by that of white Jews in Europe.

Very little is heard about the hundreds of

thousands of Black Hebrews living in

various parts of the world such as Africa,

Asia, India, Arabia, the Caribbean islands,

South America, and North America.

The history of Black Hebrews in North

America is perhaps one of the most

important chapters in US history which has

yet to be fully written. The ancestors of

African Americans came from West Africa

during the era of slavery. That particular

region of Africa was once home to a

number of Black Hebrew tribes that

migrated from North and East Africa over

many centuries. In speaking of these

migrations, Dr. Yoseph A. A.

ben-Yochannan

The Separatist Roots of Israel

People of the book, Gods beloved, the chosen people, these are a few of the

terms used when talking about the Nation of Israel.

The last two terms which are Gods beloved and the chosen people imply that

this nation and these people have a special position within the hierarchy of a

divine creator and that simple notion creates a form of separation between

them and other nations.

The purpose of this paper will be to discuss the separatist roots of the nation

known as Israel and the effect this separatism has had on their past and present

history. But before I begin, I want to give you the definition of a few words you may

see a lot of.Elitism-Leadership or rule by the elite-the selectivity of the elite

associated with snobbery

Fanaticism-Excessive enthusiasm, unreasoning zeal, or wild and extravagant

notions on any subject especially religion Separatism-A belief in, a movement

for, or state of seperation (as schism, secession, or segregation)

The history of ancient Israel is a favorite topic of religious people in general and

christians in particular. Their history is full of drama and intrigue; it has all the

necessary qualities for a good novel or a good movie.

But most people only pay attention to these surface details, if you study their

history from a neutral perspective, you will find separatism and elitism sprinkled

everywhere.

The history of Israel started with a guy named Abram who had a vision from

his god telling him to leave his country, his family, and his father's house for a

country,which God shall show him, in a vision God also made a promise to

Abram, which went as follows "I shall make you a great nation, I shall bless

you and make your name great."

That one vision started the nation you now know as Israel and it reeks of

separatism.

Thinking that you are Gods elite race can lead to many problems as we have

seen by studying the history of this nation. Abram left his country, which was

called Ur; this nation was located in what is known today as Saudi Arabia. He

left his homeland for the land known as Canaan which was located from the

north of Lebanon through modern day Israel to the border of Egypt, the elitist

attitude that Abram and descendants took eventually caused the deaths of the

people of Canaan.

Because Abram and his people were supposedly promised that land by their

creator, this type of thinking by Abram shows that organized religion despite its

peaceful rhetoric eventually will lead to violence.

The Israelites eventually possessed the land of the canaanites not by peace

but by force however, if you stop and meditate on it, they possessed the land

not by divine will but by violence, which gives them another title to go along

with separatist nation title, and this other title is religious fanatic.

In the history of religious fanaticism, unthinkable things were done and insane

acts were justified...Why?

Because of their religion and their belief that they were the chosen ones

of God, the nation Israel is no different from any other fanatical nation or

movement in history except for the fact that they are good at covering their

tracks and they are proficient at propaganda.

Now we will look at the current state of Israel A number of people think that

the Israel of today was reborn in one grand instantaneous moment in 1948,

but that's a lie and I will give you a few details.

Since the first century AD when their nation was destroyed by the Romans,

the Jews have felt like loners and wanderers and what Hitler did increased

this feeling ten fold, Hitler's extermination of a few million Jews increased

their longing for a homeland and in 1948 they officially got what they longed

for, but before 1948 between 1930 and 1947 the Zionists (Zionists

are considered the religious extremists among Jews) not only bought land

from local Palestinians they also took land and killed the Palestinians for

that land after some covert movements among the Zionists and with the

support of bigger western countries, they created a declaration of

independence and the nation of Israel was reborn and in the process they

repeated history just like their ancestor Abram who later became known as

Abraham and their other ancestors they went into a land that was not theirs,

took the land by force and killed most of the people in that land.

In addition, they did this because they think that they have a right to the land

because of texts that proclaim them as the chosen people of God and that

land as a gift from God, this is separatism, elitism, and fanaticism rolled into

one package and they got away with it because a lot of people buy into their

religious dogma and they think its justified because of what happened to

their relatives and family in nazi Germany

One nation that believes in Israel and has supported them in the past is the

United States of America You would think that our supposedly freedom loving

nation would condemn the separatist nation disguised as a democracy better

known to the people at large as the state of Israel However, the USA continued

to support Israel well into the 1990s...Why?

This why can be answered in two ways.

The first way is answered this way, birds of a feather flock together and the

second way is the fact that the United States of America has similar roots.

The USA was founded by what could be considered religious fanatics who

killed the indigenous people, took their lands and enslaved people.

The founders of this country wanted nothing to do with Britain, France or any

other country, they wanted their own special land, a land flowing with milk and

honey...

Add to that the fact that they thought their own race was above all other races

on earth. It seems like we're talking about Israel again but I'm describing the

United States of America But let's get back to Israel for a moment

This so-called democratic country has a law that should make them look bad

to the world but instead they're viewed as the underdogs who never give up.

This law states that unless you have a Jewish parent you cannot immigrate

to Israel. This law can lead to different conclusions by different people but the

conclusion that most people should have is separatism This law states loud

and clear that they only want their own race to live in Israel. Why do they only

want Jews to live in Israel?

Because they consider their own race to be above everyone other race Why

do they consider their own race to be above other races?

Because their [clamed] ancestor Abraham had a vision saying that he would

be the father of a great nation and that his seed would be the chosen people

of God. And that says to me that this nation Israel was built on separatism

and religious fanaticism just like its biggest supporter the United States of

America.

In concluding, I would like to say that I think that separatism and fanaticism

go hand in hand.

In many cases you cannot have one without the other and by observing

the USA and the state of Israel you can come to the conclusion that

separatism and fanaticism are definitely intertwined, like most people

who become somewhat antisocial and elitist at the same time, these

nations think they can achieve greatness or at the very least a sense of

peace are deceiving themselves because not only are they separating

themselves from potential allies and friends, they are creating problems by

manufacturing a pseudo air of superiority around themselves and like all

nations that are full of themselves they will eventually fall to the wayside.

This may seem somewhat extreme but I feel that in order for this world to

be truly unified as one,all ideologies that cause consistent conflict must be

pushed to the side or eliminated altogether.

All humans are basically the same underneath so why separate yourself

from others by thinking you're better than you because of superficial things

such as skin color, religion, or political ideology. Israel is not the only nation

in the world that's practicing separatism but in my eyes, it's the only nation

in the world that's not only getting away with it, they're making themselves

seem like the victims in the area known as the middle east.

The United States of America is not entirely free of these charges themselves

because not more than 60 years ago they were doing the same thing.

Israel and the United States of America are guilty of thinking this way and

thats because their roots are separatist dipped in a liquid solution consisting

of elitism and fanaticism. Separatist nations will hopefully one day be history

but who knows what the future holds, maybe that deity that gave Abram a vision...

I think not! The End

>From: "AWRRTC AWRRTC"

>Reply-To: awrrtc2@yahoogroups.com

>To: awrrtc2@yahoogroups.com

>Subject: [awrrtc2] Landmark Reparations Lawsuit to Be Filed!

>Date: Tue, 06 Jan 2004 14:30:41 +0000

>From: Bob Brown

>Subject: Landmark Reparations Lawsuit to Be Filed!

>Pan-African Roots 1019 O Street NW

>Washington, DC 20001

>PRESS ADVISORY!

>For more information, please contact:

>Maurice Weaver

>773.750.0817 or paroots02@yahoo.com

>Landmark Reparations Lawsuit Will Be Filed in Chicago at the U.S. District

>Court on Wed., Jan. 7, 2004

>Vatican, Governments, Industries, Colleges Are Charged with Conspiracy and

>Crimes Against Humanity

>(Chicago --- Jan. 5, 2004) Bob Brown, co-director of Pan-African Roots, will

>file a private attorney general class action lawsuit on behalf of all

>descendants of enslaved Africans in Africa and the African Diaspora, who

>were and are victims of the MAAFA (from 1435 to 2003) i.e. the

>Trans-Atlantic slave trade, slavery, slave-like practices and conditions,

>colonialism, segregation and apartheid. Chicago-based and other entities

>that have not complied with the Chicago Slavery Era Disclosure Act passed by

>the Chicago City Council in October 2002 will be named in the lawsuit.

>WHO:

>Bob Brown, Plaintiff, is an organizer and researcher for 40 years in the

>student, human rights, Black Power, national liberation, Pan African, and

>peace movements

>Defendants include: The Vatican, the Society of Jesus and the Catholic

>Church worldwide; the United States, British, French and Spanish

>Governments; the Shipping, Gun, Sugar, Tobacco, Cotton and Textile, Mining;

>Banking, Insurance, and other Industries and Companies; and several Colleges

>and Universities.

>WHAT:

>The media is invited to attend Mr. Brown's press conference after he files

>his federal lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of

>Illinois. A written statement will be distributed , with Q&A.

>WHEN:

>10 AM, Wednesday, Jan 7, 2003.

>WHERE:

>United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois

>219 South Dearborn

>Chicago, Illinois

>PHOTO OPPORTUNITY:

>Following the press conference, Organizers and Supporters of the Reparations

>Movement will be available for photos/interviews.

>According to Mr. Brown, "This lawsuit is only the tip of a massive storm

>that is yet to come! African People worldwide, demand remedy, relief,

>reparations and repatriation. Victory is inevitable!"

>PLEASE FORWARD THIS EMAIL!

>END!

>________ Sent To You by ___________

>http://www.theMarcusGarveyBBS.com

>NEWS, EVENTS, FORUMS and more..

>TheBlackList - "The New Negro World"

>Satisfying the African Need to Know

>_________________________________________________________________



			Blacks in California History How California got its name. In 1535, The Spaniard Hernan de Cortes sailed west from the coast of New Spain (Mexico) in search of a mythical island inhabited by strong, black women, and rich with gold. The island, called "California" in an account by Garcia Ordonez Montalvo in 1510, was ruled by the queen "Califia." Along with a company of 700 conquistadors, three hundred of whom were of African descent, Cortes landed at the southern tip of what we now know as the Baja peninsula. Spanish maps began calling this land "California" and depicted it as an island for more than 150 years.
			African Americans Were Among the Earliest Californians For the next 200 years, the Spanish pushed northward, exploring, expanding their territory, and establishing missions. By 1769 the explorers reached what is now the state of California and over the next 15 years created a series of missions along the coast. Early census data show that nearly half of the Spanish soldiers and the pobladores (settlers) that accompanied them and settled the mission lands were of African descent.
			Land Owners As seen in this picture of a diorama from the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, 26 of the 46 pobladores who settled Los Angeles, and similar proportions of the founders of San Diego, Santa Barbara, San Jose, Monterey were of African ancestry. Their descendants became holders of land grants after the Mexican Revolution and the end of the mission system. Properties such as Rancho Rodeo de Aguas (Beverly Hills), Malibu, Venice, the current Camp Pendleton, the entire Orange County and the San Fernando Valley were held in those land grants. By 1848 the more than two million acres throughout California held by Black grantees fell under threat as more than 50,000 gold seekers flowed into California from the East.