Simple Spelling
Th Simpl Spelng Peij
developt bai Stiv Bet, Ph.D.
 

 
Just look them up - and goose and choose
And cork and work and card and ward
And font and front and word and sword
And do and go and thwart and cart
Come, come, I've hardly made a start! 
                                                  -Richard Lederer
Jvst lwk them vp - a.nd gus a.nd chuz
A.nd kork a.nd wrk a.nd card a.nd wor
A.nd font a.nd fr'vnt a.nd wrd a.nd sord, 
A.nd du a.nd go' a.nd thwort a.nd kart - 
K'm, k'm, aiv hardly meid 'a start! 
                                             -Rich'rd Led'r'r
Above:  Traditional English Orthography (TO) compared to a proposed consistent phonemic notation for English. In TO,
words that are spelled the same are not pronounced the same. Words that are pronounced the same are not spelled the same.


Curious solutions to the problems of English orthography
All attempts at consistent spelling change the look of 60% of the words


Traditional English Orthography (TO) is unnecessarily difficult, confusing, and inconsistent. TO was standardized (ca. 1750) before it was regularized. In TO, there is usually only one lexically correct way to spell a word but dozens of ways spell most sounds (way, wave, weigh, wain, ..). In addition, a given spelling [such as -ose] can be pronounced more than one way. eg, DOSE, ROSE, LOSE | dous, rouz, looz | do's ro'z


   Regularizing (having less than 3 spelling patterns per sound) would make English spelling more alphabetic, a better guide to pronunciation, and easier to learn. One can overhaul the spelling rules without changing any of the other components of a writing system


   Spelling reform proposals differ with respect to how much of the TO, the eratic system to which we have become accustom, they wish to retain. There are four popular types of proposals: CS, NS, ES and NC. Within each type, there are several minor variations: (see below)

The Problem

About 50% of the words in English can't be spelt without memorizing the dictionary. Students can usually spell words in a foreign language better than they can spell in English. 
These self tests will give an indication as to the difficulty of English spelling: 
Test your spelling skill: Valerie Rule's 16 common words. SpellingDemons  18 ways to spell /u:/ as in *ooze

How many ways can you spell a word in English? Orthographic options for dictionary spellings. 

The Problem with Spelling  A little history on how English came to be the way it is. 

Irregularity in English Spelling 6,000 examples 

Excerpt from Breaking the Spell (1912)    Six Axioms         From Dekaspel to Unispel

Valerie Yule   Spelling as a Social Invention  The reduced spelling proposal  Pidjins - Lessons in simplification
Interspel English words in other languages   The Arguments for Systematic Spelling

George Bernard Shaw on Spelling Reform
Preface to The Miraculous Birth of Language by Wilson. (large text file)

The SpellRight explanation - Problem- Solution

The Solutions   note: remote links may not work

Cut Spelng (CS) is a simplifyd, partialy regulrizd orthografy wich omits thre categris of misleadng letrs: the silent or redundant letters, the schwa or unstressed /uh/ sound when not the first syllable, and double letters. All clipped spelling proposals do this. CS also includes some substitutions: j for /j/, y for /ai/ when spelled "igh". [e.g. high = hy], f for ph. Removing the redundant letters and silent letters facilitates writing and typing, and can improve pronunciation and reading. Cut Spelling - in depth. Phased approach to a cut spelling reform (CS lite).  Why bother?  Simplified Spelling Society Page

New Follick EuroSpel - an enhanced Spanish/Portuguese inspired orthography for English based on IPA and continental sound values. Th'is iz an egzamp'l 'v Nu Folik. NF EuroSpel iz a fu'ly regiularyzd orthogra'fi hwich substitu:ts a consistent saund syn for eni misli:ding wun. NF is augmented because (bicoz) Spanish has only 5 vowels while English has l8. The Spanish vowels are usually in the middle column.
 
 

a. at a  alms, want, are a'  ago, about, sofa
e. e.j -edge e   eg -egg e'  /ei/  e'j  -age,
i. index i  it =eat, il=eel, si=see 'r  her, bird, curb
o.  ox, pot o  or, for, law, cost o' owe, mote, boat
u.  up u  zulu,  u'  book
y  /ai/  my eye ys=ice oi  oil, boy  au  owl, out

Key featuresof Nu Folik: Schwapostrophe, Extenders: The key to simplified spelling is a seperate symbol for the obscure central vowel known as schwa because it is unrepresented in the English writing system.  In NF terminal syllabic consonants mark the schwa [litl, midl, ilu2n], elsewhere an unstressed /uh/  is marked by an apostrophe or an  [a']  as in a'go.

Checked Clipped Spelling (CCS) - another IPA EuroSpel system that takes advantage of the fact that all checked vowels are short and are follwed by a consonant.  Instead of marking extended volwels, this notation marks the checked vowels.  bit / beet = bi.t / bit.  The advantage is that the marker cannot be confused with punctuation.  o=awe, a.x=ax, si=see, iu=you, u.p=up, e.j=edge, ej=age
Xi.s i.z an egza.mpl 'v CCS, a fu'li regiularyzd orxogra'fi wi.th co.nsi.st.nt saund synz.

Sound Spell is another IPA EuroSpel phonemic writing system for English. 
Medland's Sounds  Click and listen to the 18 elementary vowel sounds.

Spell Right  A phonemic system for English similar to WES [World English Spelling], TrueSpel, & New Spelling. 

NuSpel An IPA type notational system that uses a new font to create the IPA type symbols. Letter/font chart

EnglSpel A partially phonemic system for English designed by a Dutch linguist. 

Alt.Spell A scheme that uses positional spelling to approximate TO. 

Inglish A nice page describing a notational scheme similar to New Spelling. 

ANJeL eliminates the dual redundant character set and uses the capital or upper case letters for the sounds that are represented in TO with digraphs: how/Hc, thin/tiN, church/cuRc, hoe/HO 

Tools
Spelling Code Converter (BTRSPL) Only 4 notations at present: TO, Cut Spelling, ALC Fonetic, TrueSpell, CCS to be added.  Converts from  orthography to another.
Chart of English Phonemes 12 elementary vowels, 23 elementary consonants
Aurally Coded Dictionary CCS, TO, CS  Look up words you can pronounce by  the vowel sound, the initial phoneme, and the number of syllables. 

The Lighter Side of Spelling Reform

Staged Reform - remote links only 

Comic Relief: Mark Twain on simplified spelling.   Second sourceHumor attributed to Twain. 
Spel Fun. phasing in spelling reform   Spelling Test  Spelling Game  Vocalic Frolic
Spell Check humor   How to Speak Southern   Vowel Relief    Spelling Game

Related Issues

Pidjins as a model for spelling reform,    Pidjins & Creoles

Handwriting Repair & Reform  A legible cursive writing style without the Palmer loops by Kate G. 

Lojikons (logical icons)- Pictographic Monofon - letters that look and sound just like their name modified to a single stroke (monoline) form adapted to rapid writing. A new alphabet (and font) for English. For a quick look see Scripts compared and Scripts evaluated

The Origin of the Alphabet - Pictography, Rebus Writing, Ancient Scripts. 

The sounds of English - The vowel trapezoid - Click and listen format. Six Axioms

The Schwa - the most frequent sound in the English language which can be represented by any vowel letter. An unstressed central vowel.
 
Collaborative Projects

People on the Net with an interest in spelling reform: spelling@coollist.com
People with an interest in World Language: world-language@eskimo.com
coollist may not be operational
A Short Reading List
on Spelling Reform
and related topics


Lighter stuf

  1. a book of Spelling Games:
    1. Vocalic Frolic - fill in words that match a pattern in the vowel quadrilateral
    2. Spell Check  humor   How to Speak Southern
  2. a Simpl Speling calendar,
  3. th humorus pieces by
    1. Mark Twain
    2. Grandgent
  4. Selections from Spelling on the Web
    1. Ebonics
    2. Vowels for Bosnia
    3. Stamp out spelling demons

  1. A fixed date for Internationl English Spelling Day.
  2. Internationl English Spelling (Intrspel) for evryday use
  3. Intrspel  How other countries simplify the spelling of English loan words
  4. Bob Brown's Bibliography   -   Bob Brown's article
  5. Examples of languages whose writing systems allow one to predict the pronunciation (or at least the segmentals) from the spelling


 Foreign Language Resources on the web: http://www.itp.berkeley.edu/~thorne/HumanResources.html


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