Dynasty's



Au Lac Reign
Reigner : Thuc Phan (An Dzuong Vuong)
Period :
Reign's Titles :-
Country's Name :Au Lac
Capital :Co Loa
Contemporary Chinese Dynasty:Qin (361- 206BC)

History :
In the 3rd century BC, the Van Lang State was declining slowly and was defeated in 257 BC by Au Viet tribe resided north of Van Lang. Thuc Phan, head of Au Viet, then unified the two tribes and two countries into one, established a new state - the Au Lac and proclaimed himself as An Dzuong Vuong. The capital of new state was at Co Loa (now Dong Anh dist. Hanoi). In 218 BC, the Chinese Qin Dynasty sent its 500,000 soldiers troop to invade the Au Lac and occupied the country. The Au Lac people under the leadership of Thuc Phan, had led an endure struggle against the Qin for 10 years and won at last. Recovered the country, Thuc Phan started to build the Co Loa Citadel with 9 large earthen ramparts constructed in a maze-like shape resembling the spirals of a snail, for defence purpose. With the citadel and some kind of new weapon, Au Lac was a military power at the time.
That time was at the early Iron Age in Vietnam, the people of Au Lac could mould some tools and weapons from Iron ore, but most of them were made from bronze. The agriculture stepped fowards with using buffalo in ploughing soil. The pottery was still primitive but better in baking treatment. Bricks and tiles were used in construction.
The administration system was similar the Kings Hung era : the country divided into 15 Bo (area) and under Bo were communes. King was on top, owned all the country, land, sea, etc., commanded army and appointed the positions, while Lac Tuong headed Bo and Bo Chinh led commune. The commoners were productive force, they cultivated and paid a rent for the rulers. They had also other duties to the commune and country including service in army. The slaves were the lowest rank in society.

Famous Names of the Reign :

Chao ( Chinese ) Domination
Reigner :Chao Ta (207 BC - 136 BC) / Chao Ho (136BC-124BC) / Chao An Ti (124BC-112BC)/ Chao H'shing(112BC-112BC) / Chao Shin T'su(112BC-111BC) .
Period :
Reign's Titles :-
Country's Name : Au Lac prov. of Nan Yueh
Capital :-
Contemporary Chinese Dynasty:Han (206 BC - 220 AD)

History :
Chao Ta, in the chaos of Qin's situation, attempted to become an Emperor, had occupied the south of China and founded the Nan Yueh State , bordering the Au Lac. Many times, Chao invaded Au Lac but failed for Au Lac had a strong military force, solid Co Loa citadel and better weapons. In a well-prepared spy action, Chao got all Au Lac military secrets in hand and quickly defeated King An Dzuong. In 207 BC, after conquering the Au Lac, Ta annexed it to Nan Yueh and dominated Au Lac for almost 100 years with five reigns. In 111 BC, Chao was defeated by Han and Nan Yueh then was annexed to Han, re-named Chiao Chih.

Famous Names of the Reign :
Chao Ta, in the chaos of Qin's situation, attempted to become an Emperor, had occupied the south of China and founded the Nan Yueh State, bordering the Au Lac. Many times, Chao invaded Au Lac but failed for Au Lac had a strong military force, solid Co Loa citadel and better weapons. In a well-prepared spy action, Chao got all Au Lac military secrets in hand and quickly defeated King An Dzuong. In 207 BC, after conquering the Au Lac, Ta annexed it to Nan Yueh and dominated Au Lac for almost 100 years with five reigns. In 111 BC, Chao was defeated by Han and Nan Yueh then was annexed to Han, re-named Chiao Chih.


Han (Chinese) Domination
Reigner :Chinese Governors
Period :
Reign's Titles :-
Country's Name :Chiao Chih under Han
Capital :-
Contemporary Chinese Dynasty:Han (East) (206 BC - 9 AD) / Hsin (9-23) / Later Han (23-220) .

History :
Following the Chao, Han Dynasty of China took the domination of former Au Lac in 111 BC. The territory of Au Lac was comprised in 3 districts of Chiao Chih province, each ruled by a Chinese mandarin while the old system of low er rank rulers of Lac Hau , Lac Tuong were kept unchanged.Viet people had to pay tributes and many kind of taxes to the Hans. The Chinese mandarins tried to occupy the area of land and changed them into Chinese farms with Chinese peasants immigrated. But the imposition of a foreign administrative system and the Sinicization was not easy, numerous sporadic uprisings and rebellions are testimony to Viet strong resistance. In 40 AD, a rebellion of Trung Sisters (Trung Trac and Trung Nhi) took place and swept out the Han. Trung Trac became the Queen of the Independent Viet. The Capital was in Me Linh (now Phu Tho). But the State of Trung could'nt last very long, in 41AD, the Han sent their 200,000 soldiers troop to re-invade and after two years of brave resistance,the Trung Sisters were defeated in 43 AD.
After the collapsing of Trung Vuong, the Han rejected the system of Lac Hau, Lac Tuong and reinforced the administration with Hans. They forced Viet people to follow Han laws, Han way of living and immigrated vast numbers of Han people into Viet country, taught Han language in an attempt of Sinicization of Viet.The domination was very brutal with higher taxes and tributes. However, the Han also introduced Chinese writing, Confucianism,science , medicine, architecture and many other cultural aspects etc. The scholars and religious travellers also brought Buddhism,Taoism and the civil code of Confucianism to Viet people. In the 2nd century AD, many Buddhist pagodas were constructed in Luy Lau (Bac Ninh). These facts of Chinese civilization imprinted the northern Vietnamese so profoundly that it became a central factor in their complex make-up.
On that period, the Iron technology was prosperous in Viet country. The Viet got their know-how of moulding weapons, tools,gatgets from Iron. The agriculture reached a higher step for using iron ploughshare and buffalos and constructing canal system. There were two rice crops each year. Many kinds of fruit-trees and industrial trees were grew up.
The handicrafts also developed, apart from traditional pottery and weave, metallurgy, the technology of paper, glassware, and juwellery were transferred from China and quickly settled in Vietnam. In the 3rd century, the Viet even exported their paper to Roman country.
Along with the development of economy, the system of trade also spread all over country with all kind of markets.But the foreign trade was limited by the Hans.
The art of that time showed a mixture between the traditional and imported Chinese arts.

Famous Names of the Reign :
+ Trung Sisters and their woman-generals were the famous warriors . In a very short time, Trungs and their troop, almost a half were women, swept out the skilled, atrocious Han expeditionary corps, occupied 63 citadels and forts and founded an independent state. Being defeated by Hans, Trung Sisters commited suicide by sank themselves into Hat Giang River in 43 AD, the 2nd month of Lunar.




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