William John Leech was born in Dublin in 1881 and studied art at the Metropolitan School of Art and later transferred to the Royal Hibernian Academy Schools, where he studied under Walter Osborne. Leech's student works and early French pictures are dark in tone, and have little in common with the sunny late paintings of Osborne with which he would have been familiar. Leech's work seems to have been divided into large-scale, highly-finished exhibition pieces, and small personal sketches done direct from nature 'en plein air.' Increasingly, Leech became interested in sunlight and deep shadow, capturing the corner of a landscape or a garden, and the sensation of sunlight, with the random eye of a camera. Leech has several points in common with Roderick O'Conor. Both studied in Paris and Brittany, Leech arriving there just as the older artist was leaving, and in the early twentieth century both painted interiors, showing an interest in indoor and reflected light. Both shared a love of color and among Irish artists can be regarded as great 'colorists'. During his years in Brittany, Leech absorbed the influences of 'plenairism' and Impressionism, and his work shows various influences such as those of Van Gogh, Bonnard and Matisse. However, other more conservative influences continued in his work such as those of Dutch interiors, Orpen and Garstin, and his later English work has similarities with contemporary British painters, such as Gerald Kelly, William Nicholson and others. The French and British influences are not always resolved in his work.

 A Convent Garden, Brittany, c. 1911    Les Soeurs du Saint-Esprit, Concarneau, c. 1910-1912
     
A Convent GardenLes Soeurs du Saint-EspritA Convent Garden, Brittany demonstrates Leech's skill as a colorist. His palette is strong and vivid, his composition clever but strangely static. It has been suggested that he was attempting a grand garden painting in the tradition of French Impressionists. He loved to paint flowers and plants, especially in close-up. The convent garden at Concarneau was in fact a delightful secret garden hidden behind high stone walls. The painting is deservedly one of the most popular and frequently reproduced works by an Irish artist. This painting includes a portrait of Leech's first wife, Elizabeth Saurine Kerlin; she is the young novice holding a prayer book who appears to glide past in the right foreground. The picture was painted about 1911 when the artist and Elizabeth were planning their marriage, but she had first to obtain a divorce. This situation would have precluded a white wedding in a church, so the painting represents a wishful dream. Elizabeth is shown wearing a traditional Breton wedding dress and bonnet. The white of the costume and the lilies in the foreground symbolize purity. There is a direct correlation between the bride-to-be and the nuns behind her, the brides of Christ. A painting from this same period titled Les Soeurs du Staint-Esprit, Concarneau, is taken from the name of the order of nuns that ran the local hospital at Concarneau.

  Seaweed, c. 1920
   

 This is an unusual landscape in Leech's oeuvre, and the date is not certain, perhaps around the first World War or the 1920's. The thick 'rivers' of paint in which the picture is created and the impression of intense heat suggest Van Gogh and, more suprizingly, Roderic O'Conor. It could almost be mistaken for one of O'Conor's Breton landscapes of the 1890's in the rich colors (e.g. the vivid duck-egg blue strip of sky at the top of the canvas), and the way the stripes of paint follow the contours of the landscape and seem to radiate sunlight. There is the panoramic viewpoint and high horizon of some of O'Conor's seascapes.

There is no indication that Leech knew the older Irish artist, who was leaving Brittany just as he was arriving c. 1903-04, but it is conceivable that he could have seen some of O'Conor's paintings, perhaps in a gallery in Paris.


 Railway Embankment, c.1938
 
"Leech had a 'quietly observant manner',Railway Embankment an assertion which is borne out by this picture. Here, despite the apparent stillness of the scene, the absence of people, grazing animals, or even of a train itself, the emphasis is on movement, speed, communication, attributes which are conveyed with great subtlety. The main thrust, that of the railway track, which runs diagonally across the composition setting up a strong perspective, is complemented by the parallel lines of the telegraph wires as they too recede into the distance, and the upward push of the ever smaller telegraph poles. But these artificial lines of direction, forced upon a compliant landscape, contrast with that of the rambling fence to the left of the track which takes its course from the lie of the land, and thus brings a rustic and human quality to the scene. The strong sunlight which falls upon the landscape softens the imagery, especially that of the 'iron way', and places the picture squarely within the ambit of Leech's oeuvre. Railway Embankment is one of his most powerful works." [3]
 Quimperlé, The Goose Girl, c. 1910-14
 
(Note: Quimperlé, The Goose Girl was attributed to Leech for more than 20 years. The National Gallery has now finally acknowledged that the painting is not in fact by Leech, but by Stanley Royle (1888-1961). The handling of the paint, the quasi-symbolist style, the frieze-like rigidity of the composition are all untypical of Leech, and it seems that the costume of the girl herself is not a Breton one. The work is almost certainly a painting which Royle exhibited in Liverpool in 1925, entitled Among the Bluebells.)
 

In Quimperlé, Leech marvelously evokes the feeling of a summer's day, sunlight that filters through the woods and diffuses the distant landscape, and soft shadow in the flowery meadow in the foreground through which the girl walks. The green of flowers, violet of flowers and orange of the girl's dress are in perfect harmony. There is an 'impressionistic' feel in the sense of air and sunshine, and in the application of bright colors in small dabs. Among the Impressionists, Sisley, for instance, depicted scenes with geese. But the picture is carefully composed: the receding horizontal layers of flowers are cut by the upright girl and the vertical lines of the trees. The figure of the girl, as the geese, is drawn with care and she is shown in close-up against the landscape. She had an abstracted air, characteristic of plen-air subjects.

The delicate 'mosaic-like' brushwork is not exactly typical of Leech, and the picture is unsigned. There do not appear to be other Quimperlé paintings by Leech, as he worked mainly at Concarneau. But he painted at Quiper, Brest and other places in Brittany, and no doubt would have been curious to see Quimperlé where his teacher Osborne had painted twenty-five years earlier.

 

 A Still Afternoon, Concarneau c.1910
 
A Still AfternoonLeech moved to Brittany in c. 1903, spending a part of each year there until c. 1908. He settled in the walled town of Concarneau. Leech retained to the end of his life enduring love for the landscape there. He met and married a Mlle. Saurin, a young painter whose style was similar to his (the couple separated after two years). Among Leech's scenes around Concarneau, were studies of different times of day, "A Grey Morning - Concarneau", Still Evening, Concarneau, and "A Still Afternoon, Concarneau." Increasingly, Leech became interested in sunlight and deep shadow, capturing the corner of a landscape or a garden, and the sensation of sunlight, with the random eye of a camera.

A Cafe Interior   Chrysanthemums  

Resting

A Cafe Interior  

Chrysanthemums

 

Resting

References:

  1. "The Irish Impressionists, Irish Artists in France and Belgium 1850-1914". Julian Campbell. National Gallery of Ireland. 1984
  2. "Irish Painting". Brian P. Kennedy. Town House, Dublin. 1993.
  3. "Great Irish Artists From Lavery to Le Brocquy". S.B. Kennedy, CLB. 1997

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